| 代孕背景下亲子关系的确定 |
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| 作者姓名： | 李雅男 |
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| 作者单位： | 华中科技大学法学院 |
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| 摘 要： | 人工生殖技术的发展改变了传统的自然生育方式,给法律上亲子关系的认定带来了巨大的冲击。传统"分娩者为母"原则受到了技术上的挑战,无法满足现实需求;根据基因来源确定亲子关系,在某种情况下背离了捐精者或供卵人的意思自治;而以"儿童最大利益原则"为标准使得代孕子女出生前无法形成有效的身份预期。从代孕协议的效力上来看,代孕协议本身并不与强制性法律法规相悖,也不会对公序良俗造成剧烈的冲击,代孕协议的效力不应被轻易否定。因此,代孕背景下亲子关系应当依据代孕协议确定,并以"儿童最大利益原则"作为补充要素。另外,由于代孕协议涉及到伦理色彩浓厚的身份法领域,其不能简单地适用《合同法》的规定,因此,在代孕协议无效的情况下,应当坚持"身份确定原则",严格限定当事人提起无效之诉的时效,并承认事实抚养关系。
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| 关 键 词： | 代孕协议 亲子关系 儿童最大利益 合同效力 |
Determination of Parent-Child Relationship in the Context of Surrogacy |
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| Authors: | Li Yanan |
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| Abstract: | The development of artificial reproductive technology has changed the traditional way of natural birth, which has brought a huge impact on the legal parent-child relationship. The traditional "childbirth as mother" principle has been technically challenged to meet the actual needs;the parent-child relationship is determined according to the source of the gene, yet in some cases it deviates from the autonomy of the donor. The principle of the child’s best interests is a standard that makes surrogate children unable to form effective identity expectations before birth. Judging from the effectiveness of the surrogacy agreement, the surrogacy agreement itself does not contradict the mandatory laws and regulations, nor does it have a violent impact on the public order. The effectiveness of the surrogacy agreement should not be easily denied. Therefore, the parent-child relationship in the context of surrogacy should be determined in accordance with the surrogacy agreement, and adhere to the "principle of the child’s best interests" as a supplementary element. In addition, since the surrogacy agreement involves the field of identity law with strong ethics, it cannot simply apply the provisions of the Contract Law. Therefore, in the case of invalidity of the surrogacy agreement, the principle of "identity determination" should be adhered to, and the parties should be strictly prohibited, as well as limiting the time of the lawsuit and recognizing the factual relationship. |
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| Keywords: | surrogacy agreement parent-child relationship childrens best interests contract effectiveness |
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