| 《民法典》法定解除权的配置机理与统一基础 |
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| 引用本文： | 谢鸿飞.《民法典》法定解除权的配置机理与统一基础[J].浙江省政法管理干部学院学报,2020,34(6):18-29. |
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| 作者姓名： | 谢鸿飞 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国社会科学院 法学研究所私法研究中心 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金重大项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 《民法典》中的法定解除权基于不同法定事由产生，但在法教义学上有统一的基础。一是它们均导致基于不同角度判断的“合同目的不能实现”；二是法定解除权使当事人摆脱合同义务，重获行动自由，且通常产生新的债权债务关系。《民法典》合同编通则中的法定解除权规范蕴含了效率、公平、诚实信用等不同理念，分则中的解除权规范多为通则规范的具体化，但也包含对当事人之间的人合性、法益权衡等的考量。法定解除权的终极正当性依据需要从当事人的合意中寻求，法定解除权与契约自由并非扞格不入，但前提是立法者对当事人美德的想象。与《合同法》相比，《民法典》强化了合同解除在终结合同僵局、建构当事人新法律关系方面的功能。但解释论还需澄清法定解除权的一般要件、不安抗辩权与预期违约中解除权的衔接、固定期限继续性合同履行中的僵局等问题。
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| 关 键 词： | 法定解除权 合同僵局 任意解除权 合同目的不能实现 不安抗辩权 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-09-12 |
The Allocation Mechanism and Unified Basis of the Statutory Rescission Power in the Civil Code |
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| XIE Hongfei.The Allocation Mechanism and Unified Basis of the Statutory Rescission Power in the Civil Code[J].Journal of Zhejiang Gongshang University,2020,34(6):18-29. |
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| Authors: | XIE Hongfei |
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| Affiliation: | Private Law Research Center, Law Institute, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences |
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| Abstract: | The statutory right of cancellation in the Civil Code is based on different statutory reasons, but has a unified basis in the legal doctrine. First, they all lead to the “failure of achievement of the contract purpose” from different perspectives; second, the statutory right of termination allows the parties to get rid of their contractual obligations and regain their freedom of action, which usually creates new creditor-debt relationships. The statutory right of rescission norms in the general provisions of the Civil Code contains different concepts such as efficiency, fairness, honesty and credibility. The norms of rescission right in the sub-provisions are mostly the concretization of the general rules, but there are also human compatibility and legal benefits between the parties. The ultimate legitimacy basis of the statutory rescission right needs to be sought from the parties' agreement. The statutory rescission right is not incompatible with the freedom of contract, but the premise is the legislator's imagination of the parties' virtues. Compared with the Contract Law, the Civil Code strengthens the function of contract termination in ending contract deadlock and constructing a new legal relationship between the parties. However, the interpretation theory also needs to clarify the general elements of the statutory right of termination, the connection between the right of uneasy defense and the right of termination in anticipatory breach, and the deadlock in the performance of a fixed term continuing contract. |
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| Keywords: | statutory right of cancellation contract deadlock arbitrary termination failure of achievement of the contract purpose the right of uneasy defense |
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