| 紧急状态下的守法难题——以决策心理为视角 |
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| 引用本文： | 张晓笑,陈林林.紧急状态下的守法难题——以决策心理为视角[J].浙江省政法管理干部学院学报,2020,34(3):41-53. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张晓笑 陈林林 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 浙江理工大学 法政学院2. 浙江工商大学 法学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金重大项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 法治社会具有日常状态与紧急状态两幅面孔。当社会进入紧急状态，公民的行为策略会改变，遵守法律将变得困难。这是由人类的思维机制与认知倾向决定的。人类拥有快速但不准确的“系统一”与缓慢但可靠的“系统二”两套决策机制，在面对紧急状态时大量的情绪刺激会让“系统一”控制决策支配权，而信息过载也会限制“系统二”的监督与预警作用。因此，紧急状态下的个体决策者总是运用“系统一”进行行为选择。“系统一”采用启发式判断，有限时间内的决策往往存在各种认知偏差，导致人的行为与守法的要求背道而驰。正视这些违法行为背后的心理过程，通过事前建立完善应急措施与事中规范宣传报道，按照认知规律办事能够较好地减少违法行为。
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| 关 键 词： | 紧急状态 守法 系统一 系统二 认知偏差 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-03-17 |
The Law-abiding Problem in Emergency: on the Perspective of Decision-making Psychology |
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| ZHANG Xiaoxiao CHEN Linlin.The Law-abiding Problem in Emergency: on the Perspective of Decision-making Psychology[J].Journal of Zhejiang Gongshang University,2020,34(3):41-53. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Xiaoxiao CHEN Linlin |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Law and Politics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University2. School of Law, Zhejiang Gongshang University |
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| Abstract: | A rule-of-law society experiences two conditions, one is normal condition, the other is emergency. When the society is in the state of emergency, people’s behavior strategy will change, leading to the difficulty of acting under the law. This situation is caused by the mental mechanisms and cognitive dispositions of people. There are two kinds of thinking and decision-making mental processes: System 1 processes are fast but inaccurate, and System 2 processes are slow but reliable. When it comes to emergency, tremendous emotional stimulus will cause System 1 processes to take control of the decision-making, while information overload will restrict the supervision and modification role of System 2 processes. Thus, personal decision making in emergency always results in System 1 taking control. System 1 thinking processes are heuristic, by means of which the decision making will contain cognitive bias, resulting in the opposite direction of acting in law. To deal with law-abiding problems in emergency, recognizing the mental mechanism of the unlawful behavior is basic. Law-breaking actions will turn down, if measurements are taken in accordance with cognitive laws, such as making contingency plans beforehand and regulating publicity during the emergency. |
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| Keywords: | emergency law-abiding System 1 System 2 cognitive bias |
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