| 保险人明确说明义务批判 |
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| 引用本文： | 马宁.保险人明确说明义务批判[J].法学研究,2015(3):102-119. |
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| 作者姓名： | 马宁 |
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| 基金项目： | 本文是司法部项目“保险合同法结构性变革与制度创新”(13SFB3028)的成果。 |
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| 摘 要： | 保险合同法可以体系化地解读为意思自治、给付均衡与合理期待三个核心原则的组合。立法者希望籍说明义务来消减信息不对称,贯彻意思自治。但在建构制度规范时,并未考虑信息传送方的履行成本,对信息接收方的识别成本与关注焦点也存在认识误区。这种过度理想化的设计已被实践证明是失败的。立法应废止实质性的明确说明义务,代之以形式化的信息提供义务。对于意思自治的不足,可以通过提升给付均衡度和更有效保障被保险人对获取保险产品的合理期待加以填补。
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| 关 键 词： | 保险合同 免责条款 说明义务 制度成本 意思自治 |
A Critique of Insurer's Active Explanation Duty |
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| Ma Ning.A Critique of Insurer's Active Explanation Duty[J].Chinese Journal of Law,2015(3):102-119. |
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| Authors: | Ma Ning |
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| Abstract: | The insurance contract law can be systematically interpreted as the combination of three core principles, namely principles of the autonomy of will, of payment balance and of reasonable expectation of the insured. There is a dynamic complementary relationship between these principles, whereby the filling of one principle can be used to make up the deficit of another. Lawmakers intend to reduce information asymmetry and implement the principle of autonomy through explanation obligation. But in constructing the system, they fail to consider the information sender''s performance cost or to correctly understand the recipient''s identification cost and attention focus. This over-idealistic design has been proved to be a failure. The lawmaker should abolish the substantial active explanation obligation and establish the formal information obligation, which can achieve the interest balance of all parties. The information obligation requires the insurer to provide core transaction information, which is not limited to those within the scope of exemption clauses, in writing to the applicant, and to passively explain the clauses at applicant''s request. The lack of autonomy can be made up by more effective protection of the insured''s reasonable expectation to obtain insurance products, especially by increasing the degree of balance of payment. This means that the mode of regulation of insurance standard terms should be changed from the information-based mode to the content control-based mode. |
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| Keywords: | insurance contract exemption clauses explanation obligation institutional cost party autonomy |
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