碰撞与交流 切磋与研讨

首先,请允许我代表中华全国律师协会向你们表示热烈的欢迎。同时要感谢广州市司法局、广州市律师协会为这次大会所付出的辛勤劳动,并对司法部、广东省司法厅、广东省律师协会给予的支持表示诚挚的谢意! 在“拓展和规范法律服务”这个目标下,我们律师界的一大批有识之士聚集羊城,举办“第三届中国律师论坛暨2003年专业委员会年会”。这是继“中国律师2000年大会”以来又一次律师界的盛会。在这次盛会上,将既有管理理念的碰撞与交流,又有法     

王澍与刘路,自觉与自在

王澍,刘路,一个搞建筑,一个搞数学;一个是拿水泥钢筋谱写生活乐章的中年建筑师,一个是喜欢到数字海洋里寻找乐趣尚未涉世的青年学生。风马牛不相及的两个人,我却鬼使神差地将其扯在一块了。都知道王澍是著名建筑师,最近因获得了国际普利兹克建筑奖而引人瞩目。这个奖项不简单,她堪称建筑界的＂诺贝尔奖＂,象征着建筑师的最高荣誉。这个奖对于中国,则更像一场及时雨。     

权威与权限——公权与私权的冲突与协调

现实生活中,公权介入私权的现象大量出现,公域与私域之间存在着不可忽视的游移。因此,应当理性认识公权与私权的关系,厘清公权与私权的边界,明确公权应当在合理地介入私权的前提下,实现公权与私权的平衡,并通过构筑化解公权与私权冲突的完善机制促成和谐社会中公域和私域的良性互动。     

新闻自由与司法独立的冲突与平衡

新闻自由与司法独立历来被认为是现代法制社会的两大支柱。新闻自由是宪法所规定的一项公民基本的权利,它是司法公开的重要形式,保证司法公正的有效途径。司法独立是一项被社会公认和普遍遵循的原则,它是实现司法公正的前提,为司法公正筑起了一道坚固的防护墙。但是现实社会中,由于媒体或者司法机关的原因,二者的冲突不可避免。本文在阐述新闻自由与司法独立基本理念的基础上,进一步分析二者冲突的现象及缘起,了解国外处理二者关系的先进做法,为我国协调二者关系奠定基础。     

法官与律师：区别与差别

我想先从一份调研报告说起,报告的题目是《法官与律师——关于“法官眼中的律师”与“律师眼中的法官”》。这份调研报告是我所历时3个月刚刚完成的。其调研背景就是今年3月发生在天津的“法官打律师”事件,这一起沸沸扬扬的事件,使法官与律师的关系引起了社会各界空前的关注。作为律师一方,我们想通过自己的这种调研活动,发现一些问题,引起大家的思索,向大家寻求答案。     

生命与生存之于尊严与权利

生命与生存到底意味与象征着什么,可以说,这是一个永恒的主题——社会与伦理的主题。当生命与生存面临致命性的无视与摧残时,生命的神圣和生存的权利必然也面临巨大的挑战;当生命与生存的价值与地位受到怀疑与破坏时,生命与生存的尊严与权利就必然要得以提升,否则人就难以很好地生存下去。     

民意与司法:冲突与协调

公案是转型期司法与民意交织的怪圈,由于各国普遍信奉"法官不得拒绝裁判"的司法原则,那么在法律世界观紊乱的今天,公案似乎成了"法官不能承受之重",甚或是"司法不能承受之重"。明确树立在司法审判中吸收、引导民意,而非排斥、消除民意的司法态度和法治意识,搭建民意与司法互通交流的机制,是寻求司法正义功能的有效路径。     

论调解与法治的排斥与兼容

调解与法治之间的关系走向深受治国基本方略的影响。传统调解服务于人治的治国方略,与法治相排斥。现代调解建立在法治主义之上,服务于法治的治国方略,与法治相兼容。当代中国调解一直趋向法治化,立法者在做调解与法治兼容制度上的努力,司法者在做调解与法治兼容方式上的探索。当代中国是一个具有德治传统的新兴法治国家,一方面,德治调解理念仍然盛行;另一方面,不与法治完全兼容的调解制度仍然存在。实现调解与法治的兼容,一是需用法治调解理念更替德治调解理念;二是以现有诉调对接机制的探索和完善为契机,用法院和解制度取代法院调解制度,促成中国调解的现代转型。     

刑事诉讼法与刑法的失衡与矫正

一部好的法律,既要有内在结构上的逻辑严谨性,内容上的完整性、确切性,又要兼顾到与其他法律间的相互协调性。任何一部法律不可能完全割裂于其他法律,形成自己完全孤立     

行政纠纷与民事纠纷的纠结与求解

行政与民事交叉案件日益增多,囿于法律依据不明,司法指导不一,实践中审判思路各异,做法不同,案件中经常出现当事人诉权得不到保障,法院权威受到挑战的情况,使公平和效率的实现大打折扣。因此积极探索行政与民事交叉案件的审理机制极为迫切。为了降低诉讼的成本,提高司法效率,合并或附带审理是一种更为可行的选择。对此,需把握原则,由点到面,类型化突破,还需建设专门的行政纠纷与民事纠纷交叉案件审判合议庭制度。     

Up and Down,Old and New: Values and Value Systems of MPs and Voters in France

MPs are often criticised as being homogeneous. This is well known in terms of social background or gender, but the criticism also holds for values and norms. MPs are said to share normative agreements on the essential points and demonstrate differences on second-order issues. This criticism is even more widespread regarding the new politics based on the cultural divide, notably vis-à-vis politicians from the extreme right as far as immigration, European integration or globalisation are concerned. In this contribution, these criticisms are addressed by investigating the degree of normative agreements and disagreements of French MPs. Furthermore, the differences both in old and new politics between MPs on the one hand and the electorate as a whole and their supporters on the other hand are evaluated. It is concluded that MPs are definitely not all the same and the degrees of difference among MPs or with the electorate are far from being those expected.     

试论制贩新型毒品犯罪的特点、原因及对策

受国际毒潮的渗透和影响,我国新型毒品违法犯罪来势凶猛、发展迅速,社会危害日显突出新型毒品制贩犯罪活动呈现出国际化、现代化等特征。造成新型毒品日益严重的原因主要是制造新型毒品的原材料易购、制造工艺简单、新型毒品的科技含量日益加强,而娱乐场所为新型毒品犯罪提供了理想的温床。对此,应广泛深入的发动群众,拓展宣传教育的深度和广度;依法严厉打击毒品犯罪;加快科技强警的步伐,为构建和谐社会创造良好的社会环境。     

The methods and measures of centrography and the spatial dynamics of rape

Technique known as centrography are presented in order to demonstrate their utility for describing and measuring the salient features of a spatial distribution and for facilitating temporal and comparative analyses in discerning trends and contrasting spatial distributions of crime. Centrographic techniques are applied to a 5-year data set of lone-assailant rapes classified by type of offender. The results indicate that different classes of offenders have relatively distinctive spatial distributions. Moreover, changes in the spatial distributions of offender classes, through time, are not uniform.     

文本、目的和语境——香港终审法院解释方法的连贯性与灵活性

针对香港终审法院有关《基本法》适用的3个判例,着重对文本、目的和语境的解释方法的话语特征和具体应用方式进行可以看出分析,普通法体制下解释方法的连贯性与灵活性使得香港法院仍然从实质上保有基本法适用的相对独立的权力。这值得内地学者进一步关注。     

纠纷及其解决:原因与路径的另一种思考

纠纷解决方能维护社会秩序之安定,而纠纷原因之探究则为纠纷解决研究之起点。基于对当代中国建构纠纷解决机制的宏观认知,尽管纠纷的发生往往与利益有关,立足于法律的视角,虽属于权利义务的现实分配之纷争,但从更深层次的意义来看,这种纷争或许与当事人之间的信息不对称存在着千丝万缕的联系。因而,重建当事人之间的信赖关系应是彻底解决纠纷、恢复当事人之间私法秩序的重要基础。     

Public Beliefs in the Causes of Wealth and Poverty and Legitimization of Inequalities in Russia and Estonia

The article analyzes the attributions of the causes of poverty and wealth in Russia and Estonia in 1991 and 1996 and their determinants. Among the latter are the perceived actual justice of the society, the perceived size of the middle class, and the personal position in the system of inequalities. Despite the economic hardships and a rise in inequalities in both countries, individualistic explanations of wealth and poverty have increased over the 5 years between the surveys. At the same time respondents in both countries demonstrated a growing awareness of the importance of starting positions and connections to achieve wealth. The perceived middle class has a significant effect on attributions of poverty but not on wealth. Russians in Estonia have a particular bias against wealth, whereas non-Russians in Russia are more likely to justify wealth on the basis of individual merit. Explanations of poverty and wealth in Estonia are more rooted in the factors of socialization (age, education, and gender), whereas in Russia they are more rooted in the changes in the family financial circumstances between 1991 and 1996. There was a general increase in support for government intervention in distribution in both countries.     

Gender Patterns of Research and Licensing Activity of Science and Engineering Faculty

In this paper we extend our earlier work on science and engineering faculty disclosure and licensing activity to examine a characteristic of faculty ignored in our earlier work – the gender of faculty in our database of over 4500 faculty at 11 major universities. Not surprisingly, women comprise only 8.55% of the faculty in our sample. They are most represented in the biological sciences and the women in the sample are more likely to be younger faculty. The most striking result from highlighting women in the sample is that women are less likely to disclose inventions than men despite the fact that there are no significant differences in publication patterns. While disclosure activity varies by gender, we find that the disclosure activity of women and men converges over the period of our sample.JEL Classification: J16, L3, O3Financial support was provided by National Science Foundation (SES 0094573), the Alan and Mildred Peterson Foundation and the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation.     

著作权扩张及其法律和经济学探讨

著作权保护在几百年的发展历史中具有扩张的趋向。这种扩张总体上表现为保护客体的扩大、保护期限的延长、保护范围的扩大、对个人性质使用限制的增强等方面。著作权扩张可以从法律与经济学的角度加以解释。从著作权法的利益平衡理论分析,通过著作权扩张,在一个特定时期实现了著作权人与社会公众利益之间的平衡,从而能够更好地实现著作权法的宗旨。从经济学的分配效率分析,著作权的扩张是优化资源配置的结果。     

Trajectories of Delinquency and Problem Behavior: Comparison of Social and Personal Control Characteristics of Adjudicated Boys on Synchronous and Nonsynchronous Paths

In this paper we identify and distinguish two categories of manifestations of deviance, problem behavior and delinquency, and show that they often follow synchronous developmental sequences. Using data from a sample of 506 adjudicated boys, we investigate the difference between those with synchronous trajectories, in which problem behavior and delinquency follow similar developmental paths, and those with nonsynchronous trajectories, in which the two follow different developmental paths. Comparison of the trajectories shows that personal control variables, such as social maladjustment, value orientation, manifest aggression, and extroversion, are more effective in discriminating between trajectories than are social control variables from school, peer, routine activities, and belief categories. These personal control variables are often not included in studies of delinquency.     

优惠原产地规则与WTO 多边贸易体制的冲突与协调--兼评中国的优惠原产地规则法律制度

在许多方面优惠原产地规则与WTO的原产地规则是相冲突的,从表面上来看,优惠原产地规则与WTO多边贸易体制存在种种冲突.而从优惠原产地规则的发展、优惠原产地规则与多边贸易体制实质上的关系及GATT1994的第24条等来看,优惠原产地规则与多边贸易体制是协调的.中国的优惠原产地规则的法律制度建设才刚刚起步,在运用中还存在这样那样的问题,这需要在优惠原产地规则的法律制度建设中明确我国优惠原产地规则立法和实施中的目的与原则.