利用亚铁氰化钾与三价铁盐溶液反应进行足迹捺印

目的利用亚铁氰化钾与三价铁盐溶液反应生成普鲁士蓝沉淀的显色原理，探索非油墨捺印足迹的新方法。方法用脚沾取一定浓度的三价铁盐溶液，踩在经过亚铁氰化钾溶液处理过的纸张上。结果在经过处理的纸张上出现蓝黑色的足迹印痕。结论该方法安全卫生，操作简便，捺印效果好，具有一定的推广性。     

指纹自动识别系统的应用

在应用了cafis指纹自动识别交流2年多来,通过实践,我们发现本系统在比对结果中出现的指纹都是捺印清楚,特征明显的指纹,所以,在指纹的搜集上,我们首先是改变原来管教和户籍警捺印指纹的搜集方法,由技术人员定期到两所和深入基层进行搜集和捺印,从而在指纹的人员质量上有了保证。其次,是改善捺印条件,采用指纹捺印盒进行捺印,改变原先的用油墨捺印方法,从根本上提高捺印质量,进一步为准确抽取特征点打下了基础。     

探析高分辨率指纹特定条件下三级特征的稳定性

目的探索油墨捺印指纹显现三级特征稳定性的影响因素,排除主观条件的影响。方法在最适宜的条件下,通过油墨捺印采集不同压力下的指纹样本,清晰地显出指纹三级特征,用高分辨率扫描仪扫描试验样本,保存指纹样本,最后分析了指纹汗孔、细点线、纹线形态、皱纹等三级特征的反映性及稳定性,确定其鉴定价值。结果油墨捺印法对三级特征的反映性不够理想,汗孔、纹线形态特征、细点线特征及皱纹在不同压力下的稳定性较差。其中,各个三级特征在轻压下的反映性及稳定性较为接近实际,捺印的压力越大则三级特征变形越大,甚至完全变形成为另外一种特征。结论所以如果将此法应用于指纹比对时,仍需进一步的研究与改进。     

粉末捺印取代油墨捺印的优点

传统的油墨捺印方法是在纸制捺印卡片上让被捺印人的手蘸取油墨,进行平面和滚动捺印,许多年来一直被基层侦查和技术部门所沿用,但是存在以下问题,导致捺印指纹存在严重的质量问题。（1）侦查人员没有经过严格的技术培训,不掌握指纹捺印技术要点。（2）夏季人体汗、油脂分泌旺盛,冬季低温干燥,人体汗液油脂分泌少,油墨易凝固;女性和年龄较小者的指纹纹线细浅;重体力劳动者指纹纹线被严重磨损;干皮肤者指纹汗液少,油墨粘附难。     

应用指纹采集仪捺印干燥、脱皮、多汗指印的方法

在收集捺印十指指印资料中,无论是使用油墨滚动式捺印采集,还是使用活体指纹采集仪捺印采集十指指印,对于手指干燥粗糙、脱皮、脂质性多汗手指指印的捺印采集一直是指纹捺印技术难以解决的一个难题。以云南省公安厅刑侦总队指纹中心库为例,为了确保中心库捺印指纹的质量准确无误查破案件,指纹捺印库建设先后聘用50余名临时工作人员,对捺印指纹进行人工干预和清理历年来各地上报较大数量的模糊指印十指卡。在实际工作中,以上几种手指指纹按常规捺印方法捺印出的指印比较模糊,给指纹的分析归档带来很大的难度,由于手指粗糙、干裂手关节僵硬,用常规方法捺印出的指印在显视屏上往往是成片的空白、断线、点状乳突纹线;     

提取尸体指印新方法

印取死者指印的方法不尽相同,对于死亡时间短的,指印提取比较简单。死亡时间长的手指强直或腐败,捺取指印就比较困难。以往提取尸体指印的方法是:将油墨涂于死者的手指上,将待印的指纹卡放入匙内,然后将涂了油墨的手指放在指纹卡上滚动即可。此法容易给尸体手指抹上油垢,指印捺印后还需将手指上的油垢用肥皂清洗干净。用油墨提取还可造成着墨不均,导致指印纹型捺印不全甚至模糊。     

足迹查询系统串并案十战法

近年来,利用足迹破案的主要工作平台——足迹查询系统已在全国各地公安机关广泛应用,足迹查询系统大多采用省、市、县三级运行模式,具体地说：省、市级公安机关设立现场足迹库和犯罪嫌疑人捺印足迹库,并各自提供给下级单位进行查询比对;县级公安机关设立远程客户端,主要功能为录人现场足迹和犯罪嫌疑人捺印足迹,并能把这些足迹发送到省、市级足迹库中进行查询比对。     

用胶带提取腐败尸体指纹

在工作中常常会遇到水中打捞出高度腐败的尸体，提取指纹时用常规油墨捺印法，效果非常不理想。笔者在实践中摸索出用胶带提取尸体指纹的方法，效果非常理想，介绍如下：     

浅谈新生儿赤足印的检验

1 新生儿赤足印特点1.1 稳定特征较少.由于新生儿赤足很小(相当于成年人的1/4～1/3),乳突花纹肤浅密集,纹线凸凹反差很少,因而实际捺印新生儿赤足印基本反映不出乳突花纹.经反复比较,笔者发现新生儿褶皱纹较为稳定,具有线条粗、沟纹深、分布范围广的特点,一般捺印方法均能将其不同程度地反映出来,是检验新生儿赤足印的主要特征.     

文件上有色指印非纹线特征的应用研究

为了充分地发掘模糊指印形态特征在司法实践中的可用性和实用性,我们利用文件上有色指印的阶段性痕迹--墨迹边缘状态、积墨形态分布“、空白”形态分布及其相互位置关系等非纹线特征,分析研究了不同捺印人以油墨为介质连续捺印的样本指印50组共200枚,结果发现使用非纹线特征能够准确地分辨出同一手指连续捺印的同组指印。本文还对应用指印非纹线特征的各项技术要点进行了讨论,并且列举了该方法用于鉴定实践的三个成功案例。指印非纹线特征的应用不仅改变了对模糊指印只能出“具不具备鉴定条件”的结论模式,而且使适合使用该方法的被检指印形成相对时间的难题得到解决。     

显微共焦拉曼光谱技术区分喷墨打印机打印的彩色图文墨迹

目的建立显微共焦拉曼光谱法区分喷墨打印机打印的彩色图文墨迹的方法。方法利用显微共焦拉曼光谱技术所具有微量、微区、原位分析及非破坏性等特点,对24种常见彩色墨水墨迹分别进行检验。结果品红色墨点墨迹成分归类区分效果最好,其次是黄色墨点,最后是蓝色墨点。结论采用显微共焦拉曼光谱技术对彩色打印墨迹进行不同颜色单点分析可大大提高喷墨打印机厂家型号的识别率,是一种有效的检测手段。     

化学显色法分析喷墨打印机黑色墨水的种类

目的建立化学显色法检验喷墨打印机字迹色痕的方法。方法选用不同的试剂或混合试剂,对22种不同品牌的喷墨打印黑色墨水的溶解性及与不同试剂的颜色反应进行观察。结果不同品牌的喷墨打印机黑色墨水的溶解性不同,与不同试剂作用会显现不同的颜色。结论化学显色法快速、简便,可用于现场的快速检验。     

Quantitative evaluation of europium in blue ballpoint pen inks/offset printing inks tagged with europium thenoyltrifluoroacetonate by spectrofluorometry and ICP-AES

Tagging of writing/printing inks with suitable inorganic taggants such as rare-earth chelates has the potential to help document examiners identify fraud in sensitive written/printed documents. Selection of rare-earth chelates as taggants primarily depends on the satisfactory sensitivity of analytical determination and the absence of the taggants in normal varieties of inks used for document writing/printing. Spectrofluorometric determination of trace amounts of europium in blue ballpoint pen inks and offset printing inks tagged with europium thenoyltrifluoroacetonate was carried out with sodium tungstate solution. Sodium tungstate acts as a specific reagent that enhances the fluorescence intensity of the Eu3+ ion. The excitation and emission wavelengths are 270 nm and 605 nm respectively. The results were compared with the data obtained with ICP-AES. Satisfactory recoveries were observed with precision better than 5% RSD and comparable accuracy. Under the optimized experimental conditions, detection limits and quantitation limits were determined. The detection limits obtained by spectrofluorometry and ICP-AES were 0.01 microg/mL and 0.006 microg/mL respectively whereas the limits of quantitation were about 0.03 microg/mL and 0.018 microg/mL respectively. The spectrofluorometric method is rapid, selective, sensitive and accurate for the determination of europium in blue ballpoint pen ink and offset printing inks and may be suitable for application in the examination of sensitive documents to aid in document related crime investigation. The advantages and limitations of the tagging approach and proposed analytical techniques are discussed.     

Application of capillary electrophoresis to examination of color inkjet printing inks for forensic purposes

In the process of questioned document examination, the discrimination of inkjet printing inks is becoming more necessary due to increasingly frequent counterfeiting of documents printed by inkjet printers. Therefore, a method based on micellar electrophoretic capillary chromatography (MECC) has been developed and applied to analysis of such inks extracted from paper. With the use of an optimized and validated analytical procedure, multielectropherograms of inks taken from various models of printers made by various producers (Hewlett-Packard, Epson, Brother, Lexmark and Canon) were created. It was shown that effective differentiation of individual inks was possible in terms of migration time, order and specific shapes of characteristic peaks. By comparison of recorded UV-Vis spectra, the identification of main dyes was also achievable. The usefulness of the method was confirmed by an intralaboratory test of utility, in which several forged printouts were successfully examined. The obtained results proved that the proposed procedure is a useful tool that could be applied to ink discrimination and group identification of dyes originating from inkjet printing inks. Consequently, the developed method can be applied in the forensic field, including investigation of the authenticity of documents.     

Determining the order of deposition of natural latent fingerprints and laser printed ink using chemical mapping with secondary ion mass spectrometry

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) chemical mapping was used to investigate the order of deposition of natural latent fingerprints and laser printed ink on paper. This feasibility study shows that sodium, potassium and C₃H₅ positive ions were particularly abundant endogenous components of the natural fingerprints and also present in the paper examined, but were mostly absent in the laser printed ink. Mapping of these ions enables the observation of friction ridges from latent prints on the ink surface, only when a fingerprint was deposited above the layer of ink. As a demonstration of proof of concept, blind testing of 21 samples from three donors resulted in a 100% success rate. The sensitivity of this technique was investigated within this trial through the examination of up to fifth depletion fingerprints and ageing of up to 28 days. Migration of fingerprint and paper components to the ink surface, although observed with increased ageing time, was not found to compromise determination of the deposition sequence.     

显微共焦激光拉曼光谱仪分析激光打印黑色墨粉字迹

激光打印机是常用办公设备,案件中经常会涉及到激光打印文件的检验,运用显微共焦激光拉曼光谱仪检验激光打印黑色墨粉字迹是一种快速、无损、灵敏度高的检验方法,可以对墨粉成分进行定性分析,在司法实践中,此种方法对激光打印黑色墨粉具有较好的检验效果,应用前景广阔。     

A simple microthermal desorption device

A new method for thermal desorption of small samples is presented. The method uses a solid phase microextraction (SPME) holder with the fiber removed. The sample-for example, an ink sample on paper-is simply placed inside the needle of the holder, where normally an SPME fiber is positioned. The thermal desorption is then performed on any kind of gas chromatograph in a manner similar to that for SPME analysis. The needle of the SPME holder penetrates the injector septum; the temperature of the thermal desorption is simply the temperature of the injector. No solvents or liquid nitrogen cooling are used. The paper sample is kept inside the holder needle during the analysis. After the analysis is completed, the sample is removed from the needle by pushing forward the steel wire inside the needle in the way normally used to perform sampling with the SPME fiber. The desorbed compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector or by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The optimum temperature for desorption of ink samples on paper was 200 degrees C. The influence of the paper matrix is negligible at that temperature. Laboratories lacking the commercial device for thermal desorption can use this cheap device for the analysis of, for example, writing ink, printing ink, and inkjet ink samples on paper. Other types of samples can be investigated but the size of samples suitable for analysis is limited.     

Raman spectroscopy and laser desorption mass spectrometry for minimal destructive forensic analysis of black and color inkjet printed documents

Inkjet ink analysis is the best way to discriminate between printed documents, or even though more difficult, to connect an inkjet printed document with a brand or model of printers. Raman spectroscopy and laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) have been demonstrated as powerful tools for dyes and pigments analysis, which are ink components. The aim of this work is to evaluate the aforementioned techniques for inkjet inks analysis in terms of discriminating power, information quality, and nondestructive capability. So, we investigated 10 different inkjet ink cartridges (primary colors and black), 7 from the HP manufacturer and one each from Epson, Canon and Lexmark. This paper demonstrates the capabilities of three methods: Raman spectroscopy, LDMS and MALDI-MS. Raman spectroscopy, as it is preferable to try the nondestructive approach first, is successfully adapted to the analysis of color printed documents in most cases. For analysis of color inkjet inks by LDMS, we show that a MALDI matrix (9-aminoacridine, 9AA) is needed to desorb and to ionize dyes from most inkjet inks (except Epson inks). Therefore, a method was developed to apply the 9AA MALDI matrix directly onto the piece of paper while avoiding analyte spreading. The obtained mass spectra are very discriminating and lead to information about ink additives and paper compositions. Discrimination of black inkjet printed documents is more difficult because of the common use of carbon black as the principal pigment. We show for the first time the possibility to discriminate between two black-printed documents coming from different, as well as from the same, manufacturers. Mass spectra recorded from black inks in positive ion mode LDMS detect polyethylene glycol polymers which have characteristic mass distributions and end groups. Moreover, software has been developed for rapid and objective comparison of the low mass range of these positive mode LDMS spectra which have characteristic unknown peaks.     

On the spectroscopic cum chemometric approach for differentiation and classification of inkjet,laser and photocopier printed documents

The potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods is explored for the rapid and no-destructive forensic investigation of inkjet, laser and photocopier printed documents. The aim of the present study is to ascertain the source of origin of unknown printed documents, i.e., whether it belongs to the laser or inkjet or photocopier devices and also to visualize the intra-variations present in the same types of printed documents. It is observed that these printing inks contain polystyrene, bisphenol A, methyl acrylate and aromatic ethers as the main chemical constituents. The standard normal variate normalization is performed in order to eliminate the differences caused by the amount of toner powder/inks. The discrimination among printed documents is achieved by using chemometric methods including hierarchal cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Further, linear discriminant analysis is used to classify the unknown printed documents into its respective class of printing devices. The present methodology provides robust, non-destructive, reproducible, and simultaneous identification methods for printed documents.     

论印刷文件鉴定标准

在分析印刷文件的印刷技术、印刷设备、文件形式、鉴定项目和鉴定技术的基础上,提出印刷文件鉴定标准体系应包含的内容及其构架,并对制定印刷文件鉴定标准中需要解决的问题进行探讨。