公民收入——福利国家改革的一种设想

公民收入在1980年代被作为福利国家改革的思路之一,在克服传统福利计划及工作福利的弊端方面有不可替代的优势.从福利国家改革的角度看,公民收入倡导者认为,与现行的救助计划比较,公民收入的核心功能是改善穷人的境况,同时保护弱势者的权利.然而这一主张至今并未进入各国的主流政治,究其原因,公民收入的实施最终是个政治过程.     

Impact of the 1996 Welfare Reform and Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Acts on Caribbean Immigrants

SUMMARY

This paper examines the impact of the 1996 Welfare Reform and Illegal Immigration and Immigrant Responsibility Acts on Caribbean immigrants in the United States. Drawing from the conceptual framework posited by Dye's (1984) Elite Preference Modelof policy analysis, the author argues that the three laws have created enormous economic and psychological difficulties among families in the United States. Developing countries in the Caribbean region have been severely impacted by the law since they have had to accommodate returning citizens when they are deported under provisions of immigration policies. The question for consideration by this paper is how may the legal and human rights of deportees be balanced against the rights of the U.S. government to secure its borders and ensure the security of its citizens? The paper also addresses issues of immigration, and international relations particularly the north-south dialogue between powerful developed countries such as the United States and small developing states of the Caribbean.     

The Welfare Effects of Balance of Payments Reform: A Micro-Macro Simulation of the Cost of Rent-Seeking

This article proposes a methodology for analysing the effect of balance of payments liberalisation on measures of poverty and distribution and applies it to the case of Jamaica in the 1990s. The methodology consists of a macro-micro simulation in which a CGE model provides labour market outcomes, which in turn are used to manipulate the sectoral allocation of employment to generate the income distribution consistent with the new labour market outcome. In the application to Jamaica, we find that the reallocation of resources away from rent-seeking activities in the presence of exchange controls is significant and has large macroeconomic effects. Opening up of the current account has little effect on poverty, but liberalisation of the capital account reduces poverty, especially amongst the very poor. Neither policy change taken separately, nor the combination of the two, has more than a negligible effect on the distribution of income.     

2011,埃及的政治继承与民主之变——从宪政改革到政治革命

作为在中东、阿拉伯世界和非洲最重要的大国之一,埃及的政治继承及民主化问题备受关注。迫于国内反政府力量的逐渐扩大及美国的民主化压力,穆巴拉克从2005年开始启动以宪政为核心的政治改革。但是由于长期积累的诸多问题未能在短时期得到根本解决,穆巴拉克最终没有在埃及建立起民主化制度,其政权在2011年初被大规模群众性抗议所推翻。在未来的过渡时期,军方能否顺利还政于民,穆斯林兄弟会能否乘势而上,埃及政局的走向充满了不确定性。     

How to Improve the Outcome of State Welfare Services. Governance in A Systems-Theoretical Perspective

Much governance literature deals with the limited capacity of the state and the market to govern core state welfare services such as education, scientific research and healthcare. Rather less attention has been focused on how the outcome of these services can be improved politically. An analysis of Niklas Luhmann's systems theory (Luhmann 1997a, 2000) leads to the hypothesis that self-governance, that is, a combination of professional autonomy and public peer-evaluation, is a superior strategy. Though this may seem counterintuitive at first glance, this paper shows that it corresponds to well-rooted principles of public administration and, in the sphere of education, to empirical findings on school choice and school effectiveness. This raises new perspectives for future comparative governance studies.     

在改革中成长在创新中发展——美国教育的历史透视

美国是当今世界的教育强国,世界上众多国家经常借．鉴美国发展教育事业的经验。美国又是一个十分年轻的国家,仅有二百多年的历史。美国教育何以会在如此短暂的时间里取得如此辉煌的成就？回顾美国教育的历史,可以得到一些有益的启示。     

从国际金融经济体系变革看主要各方关系微妙变化

发端于美国的全球性金融危机和经济衰退继续蔓延和深化。危机暴露了长期以来一直由美欧主宰的现行国际金融经济体系的不合理,扩大广大发展中国家的代表权、发言权和决策权已势在必行。主要各方围绕金融、经济和政治权益,正在展开重大博弈。国际金融经济体系改革能否成功将取决于各方能否在平衡权益上达成妥协,找到一种新的协调合作方式,建立一种新的运行机制。     

从伊拉克战争看当代美国媒体管理战略

在新闻媒体方面,美国长期以来把自己标榜成客观、公正的典范。但实际情况是,美国的媒体并未走出受制于政府的阴影。媒体是美国国家利益的代言人,是美国国家总体利益的组成部分。一般情况下,美国政府对媒体的管理是采用一些主动的方式进行的,如召开新闻发布会、实施新闻审查等。在美国人中有这样一种传说,即“战争是新闻自由的最大障碍”。     

国家治理与政治稳定——以吉尔吉斯斯坦转轨为视角

苏联解体后,西方政治制度在吉尔吉斯斯坦不仅未能开花结果,相反,政治结构体系却发生了功能紊乱与协调失灵,并导致政治持续动荡,整个国家出现治理危机;对民主化与执政能力,政治参与同国家制度化的比例,国家治理的模式与稳定繁荣的目标三对范畴重新进行考察,有利于进一步分析吉尔吉斯斯坦在具体治理困境中的症结,为维护社会稳定提供一个理论依据。     

Sexual Revictimization Among College Women: A Review Through an Ecological Lens

This paper reviews factors at the individual, microsystem, meso/exosystem, and macrosystem levels that contribute to sexual revictimization among college women. Potential implications for reducing sexual revictimization on campuses via multilevel targeting of interventions is then discussed. This review reveals that despite a need for additional work examining the influence of multiple interacting factors contributing to revictimization, extant work offers insights as to how colleges can develop comprehensive programs to reduce sexual revictimization. Such programming would not only improve institutional responses to sexual violence, but also serve as a model for reducing general cultural acceptance of the perpetration of sexual assault.     

西方马克思主义视阈下的欧洲一体化

20世纪后期,西方马克思主义关于欧洲一体化的分析经历了从国家垄断资本主义到阿姆斯特丹学派、新葛兰西主义和法兰克福学派的过程。这三大流派实质都是一种以生产关系为核心概念的政治社会分析或政治文化分析。西方马克思主义的这种从经济学逻辑向社会学逻辑转向的趋势,与西方国际关系主流理论中的变迁趋势相契合。从更为宏观的社会科学研究背景来看,这种转向也可以通过普遍性逻辑和特殊性逻辑的辩证关系来理解。     

Development perspectives from the Antipodes: an introduction

Abstract

Is there a distinctive Antipodean approach to development? In this introduction I take up Raewyn Connell's challenge to explore the possibilities for knowledge production that reflects Australia's and New Zealand's geographical situation of rich peripheral countries and their history of settler colonisation. While Antipodeans' contributions to development theory have been limited, their work is characterised by close connections between theory and practice. The Antipodes' positioning as global North in the geographical South has stimulated a search for alternative approaches to development knowledge. This is variously pursued through collaborative research relationships with indigenous communities, close engagement with non-Western cultural frameworks, and a focus on marginal spaces and positions. As the centre of global economic power shifts to the South, existing development relationships and established ways of doing development are increasingly challenged by newly constituted subject positions and coalitions.     

Reform: the audit system

This study discusses the reform of the Italian audit system initiated by law in 1990 and subsequently regulated by the Executive branch through delegation from Parliament. Despite the redundancy of the regulations, the new system appears to be coherent with the wider design of public administration reform. Audit is no longer limited to preventing illegal acts issued by public administrations, but it is also directed to detect anomalies and inconsistencies of public management and propose corrections to improve performance. The real challenge of the reform lays in its implementation.     

从国际政治学角度解析中国和平发展的条件

自改革开放以来,中国不断融入国际体系,通过和平发展,实现了自身的成长壮大,而中国的发展也创造了国际体系和平变革的主观动机和客观条件。中国之所以能实现和     

Introduction: the Political Consequences of Non-state Social Welfare in the Global South

Throughout the Global South, diverse non-state actors have historically played critical roles in enabling populations to meet their basic needs, whether by providing or mediating access to social benefits and programs. To date, little research explores non-state social welfare, particularly in the Global South, and existing studies tend to focus on technical and administrative concerns while neglecting the potential political ramifications. This introductory essay aims to conceptualize and theorize the politics of non-state social welfare. We highlight three dimensions of the political consequences of non-state social welfare, including the implications for state capacity, equity of access to social welfare, and experiences of citizenship. Based on this framework as well as the findings of the empirical contributions to the special issue, the essay concludes that non-state provision may pose more political challenges than proponents recognize, but its effects are ultimately contingent on the types of relationships between state and non-state providers.     

Modernization and Change in Social Housing: The Case for an Organizational Perspective

It is argued that past approaches to the research of housing policy and housing organizations are now inadequate and unable to provide a clear explanation of modernization and change. The modernization of social housing is associated with changing core organizational competencies and the movement towards a variety of partnership approaches. In response we develop a tripartite theoretical framework based around new institutional economics, strategic management and institutional theory. An exploratory review of the evidence at a sectoral level (examining social housing as a field, regulation and the profession) and the organizational level (focusing upon changing organization behaviour) is used to illustrate the legitimacy of this approach. In conclusion a research agenda is outlined.     

Authoritarian Abdication: Bargaining Power and the Role of Firms in Migrant Welfare

Throughout the Arabian Gulf, the immigration law known as the kafala formally delegates to firms and other “sponsors” control over migrants’ mobility, housing, and general welfare. These states have abdicated almost any responsibility over migrants, giving firms nearly unchecked power over their workers’ daily lives. In this paper, I consider the welfare implications of this system and explore the conditions under which migrants can extract concessions from firms. Drawing on a nationally representative survey from Qatar, I show that migrant satisfaction, workplace difficulties, and overall quality of life varies widely across camps and firms. In explaining this variation, I argue that welfare crucially depends on an individual’s bargaining power. Migrants with a contract or credible exit options hold greater bargaining power, which strongly associates with improved perceptions of welfare. All told, contracts and exit options appear to provide even the most vulnerable workers a means of protection within authoritarian states.