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1.
Ralph Henham 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2012,57(1):77-98
The paper explores the link between penal ideology and international trial justice from the perspective of sentencing. The
argument is based on the premise that the perceived legitimacy of punishment is directly related to effective governance in
criminal justice. As such, loss of faith, or lack of moral empathy by individuals and communities with the ideologies, processes
and outcomes of punishment compromises the ability of criminal trials to function effectively in maintaining the ‘rule of
law’. The paper argues that more emphasis should be given explaining the moral foundations that underpin perceptions of ‘justice’
in sociological accounts of the ‘reality’ of sentencing, and proposes an analytical framework for conceptualising this. Adopting
this approach, the paper draws on examples from national and international criminal justice to illustrate how the hegemony
of penal ideology and its implementation compromises the ability of sentencing outcomes to resonate with the trial‘s ‘relevant
audience’. The paper then focuses on how penal ideology influences the construction of the factual basis for sentencing in
international criminal trials, and considers the consequences of this for the perceived ‘legitimacy’ of international trial
justice. 相似文献
2.
Linnell Secomb 《International Journal for the Semiotics of Law》2010,23(3):299-313
In ‘Force of law’ Derrida appears to suggest that emancipatory ideals and human rights have a continuing relevance. This may
seem a surprising proposition from a theorist often interpreted as critical of humanist and Enlightenment principles. This
paper argues, however, that Derrida does not reject, outright, humanist, Enlightenment and emancipatory strategies but instead
deconstructs these in order to propose alternate ‘ethical’ and ‘political’ possibilities. Focusing on ‘The ends of man’, ‘Force
of law’ and ‘Autoimmunity’ this paper argues that Derrida does not advocate an anti-humanism but instead gestures toward an
alternate unconditional hospitality, responsibility, friendship, justice and democracy-to-come, displacing the anthropomorphism
of humanism and advocating instead an openness to a heterogeneous otherness. 相似文献
3.
Anne Barron 《Law and Philosophy》2012,31(1):1-48
The rapid recent expansion of copyright law worldwide has sparked efforts to defend the ‘public domain’ of non-propertized
information, often on the ground that an expansive public domain is a condition of a ‘free culture’. Yet questions remain
about why the public domain is worth defending, what exactly a free culture is, and what role (if any) authors’ rights might
play in relation to it. From the standard liberal perspective shared by many critics of copyright expansionism, the protection
of individual expression by means of marketable property rights in authors’ works serves as an engine of progress towards
a fully competitive ‘marketplace of ideas’ – though only if balanced by an extensive public domain from which users may draw
in the exercise of their own expressivity. This article shows that a significantly different, and arguably richer, conception
of what a free culture is and how authors’ rights underpin it emerges from a direct engagement with the philosophy of Immanuel
Kant. For Kant, progress towards a fully emancipated (i.e. a ‘mature’ or ‘enlightened’) culture can only be achieved through the critical intellectual activity that public communication demands: individual expressive freedom is
only a condition, not constitutive, of this ‘freedom to make public use of one’s reason in all matters’. The main thesis defended
in this article is that when Kant’s writings on publicity (critical public debate) are read in relation to his writings on
the legal organization of publishing, a necessary connection emerges between authors’ rights – as distinct from copyrights
– and what Jürgen Habermas and others have named the public sphere. I conclude that it is the public sphere, and not the public
domain as such, that should serve as the key reference point in any evaluation of copyright law’s role in relation to the
possibility of a free culture. 相似文献
4.
Elina Staikou 《International Journal for the Semiotics of Law》2010,23(3):283-298
The article attempts to think friendship in its relation to law and justice and provides some arguments for the importance
of this concept in Derrida’s ethical, legal and political philosophy. It draws on early texts such as Of grammatology and reads them in conjunction with later texts such as The animal that therefore I am. The relation of friendship to law and justice is explored by means of Derrida’s notion of “degenerescence” understood as
the necessity or law of indeterminateness that cuts across, both limiting and de-limiting, all laws, types and generic partitions,
for instance, juridical (natural and positive right), humanistic (human and animal), anthropological (sexual difference),
philosophical (physis and nomos). Drawing on Derrida’s readings of “sexual difference” in Heidegger and the latter’s evocation of “the voice of the friend”
in Being and time, the article addresses the theme of Geschlecht and articulates the exigency to think sexual difference beyond duality together with the exigency to rethink law and right
otherwise than on the ground of nativity and “natural fact” and in terms of what Derrida calls “a friendship prior to friendships”
at the origin of all law and socius. 相似文献
5.
Through two case studies, this essay examines the relationship between the operation and practice of law in Aotearoa New Zealand and the naming of the ‘unlawful’, ‘uncivil’ or ‘disorderly’ within a colonial context. Against the background of the apparent complicity between law and colonial interest and desire in Aotearoa, I argue
that, in both the ‘Haka Party’ case (1979) and Mair v Wanganui City Council (1996), the acts of the defendants draw attention to the relationship between the authority of the law and the repression
or exclusion of difference. According to the judges in both cases, the dictates of Maori law and custom were in conflict with the principles of ‘law and order’. Read in terms of colonial relations, the perceived relationship
between Maori law and custom and the threat to ‘civilization’, law and order reveals the way in which ‘the law’ has operated
in a culturally biased manner and has reflected the interests of Pakeha (New Zealanders of European descent). Thus, the perceived threat of the challenge made to the law in either case can be seen
as the threat to reveal it for what it is, to expose the violence that maintains it, and thus to open a space for critique.
Perhaps more powerfully than any physical attack on the system itself, these acts which expose the law challenge it in the
name of justice, making it possible for the law to be seen both as a reflection of a particular cultural interest and hence as co-opt-able,
takeable and able to be made to serve another end, that of the other in the name of justice.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
This paper is a preparatory analysis for a jurisprudence of the singular. Through a critical analysis of the negativity and
the absolving character of the transcendental metaphysics of law and justice it reads mainly through M. Heidegger, Heraclitus,
G. Agamben and J-L. Nancy a realignment of the questioning of justice that takes its provisional name in ‘dike’, at thepoint
where the routes of ontology, the juridical and the political intersect and reveal the pseudo-propriety of their presuppositions.
Without the transcendental dialectical discourse of the origin and its absolving-absolute ‘ends’, this paper re-poses the
urgency of thinking the singular-multiple ‘right’ otherwise.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Emilios Christodoulidis 《Law and Critique》2009,20(1):3-26
The paper is an exploration in critical legal theory, and argues for a return to thinking of critical legal intervention in
political-strategic terms. If the insistence is on strategies of rupture it is because the attention is on what registers
as resistant, neither reducible to—nor co-optable by—the order it seeks to resist. It is argued that if law is to offer redress
to injustice it has to offer terms that can break incongruently, irreducibly so, with the order of capital, and its economy
of representation, not couching critique within its terms, taking flight into the mysticism and escapism of the ‘ethical turn’,
or entrusting critique unconditionally to the deconstructive energies of the law. The paper explores how difficult the task
facing critical legal theory is in view of law’s power of ‘homology’ and its ‘mechanisms of deadlock’. Both within the courtroom
(the focus here is on the tactics of rupture of the lawyer Vergès) and outside it, a return to a strategic understanding of
law underlies its deployment as means of critique (‘simple’ or ‘immanent’) or object of confrontation rather than horizon
of communicative exchange. 相似文献
8.
Jacques de Ville 《International Journal for the Semiotics of Law》2010,23(3):239-242
In this essay, one of Derrida’s early texts, Plato’s pharmacy, is analysed in detail, more specifically in relation to its reflections on writing and its relation to law. This analysis
takes place with reference to a number of Derrida’s other texts, in particular those on Freud. It is especially Freud’s texts
on dream interpretation and on the dream-work which are of assistance in understanding the background to Derrida’s analysis
of writing in Plato’s pharmacy. The essay shows the close relation between Derrida’s analysis of Plato’s texts and Freud’s study of the dream-work. The
forces at work in dreams, it appears, are at play in all texts, which in turn explains Derrida’s contentions in relation to
the pharmakon as providing the condition of possibility of Plato’s texts. The essay furthermore points to the continuity between this ‘early’
text of Derrida and his ‘later’, seemingly more politico-legal texts of the 1990s. A close reading of Plato’s pharmacy, with its investigation via ‘writing’ of the foundations of metaphysics, and thus also of the Western concept of law, is
obligatory should one wish to comprehend how Derrida attempts to exceed the restricted economy of metaphysics through his
analysis of concepts such as justice and hospitality. 相似文献
9.
Jacques de Ville 《Law and Critique》2010,21(1):17-37
In this article the Derrida/Foucault debate is scrutinised with two closely related aims in mind: (1) reconsidering the way
in which Foucault’s texts, and especially the more recently published lectures, should be read; and (2) establishing the relation
between law and madness. The article firstly calls for a reading of Foucault which exceeds metaphysics with the security it
offers, by taking account of Derrida’s reading of Foucault as well as of the heterogeneity of Foucault’s texts. The article
reflects in detail on a text of Derrida on Foucault (‘Cogito and the History of Madness’) as well as a text of Foucault on
Blanchot (‘Maurice Blanchot: The Thought from Outside’). The latter text shows that Foucault was at times acutely aware of
the difficulty involved in exceeding metaphysics and that he realised the importance in this regard of a reflection on literature.
These reflections tie in closely with Foucault’s History of Madness as well as with Derrida’s reflections on literature and on madness. Both Derrida and Foucault contend that law has much to
learn from literature in understanding the relation between itself and madness. Literature more specifically points to law’s
‘origin’ in madness. The article contends that a failure to take seriously this origin, also in the reading of Foucault’s
lectures, would amount to a denial by law of itself. 相似文献
10.
Malcolm Voyce 《Law and Critique》2010,21(2):183-198
It is implicit in a western understanding of law that law is a series of generalisations, which are universal and which aim
to promote social community. At the same time ‘law’ is expected to operate in a territory (rather than for specific people
or castes) where it applies, and to apply to a community of rights-bearing subjects. Such a view of law may have reflected
part of the values of the European Enlightenment where law was seen as a rational science and where religion has been seen
as excluded from law. An alternative route in the study of law is to study ‘transgressions’. The literature on ‘transgression’
suggests transgressions form an amorphous category and a proper examination of them is not closed by the normal taxonomy between
the studies of ‘law as obedience’ versus ‘laws as violation’. In one sense transgressions are part of the rule, yet a separate
category in their own right. I use the concept of ‘transgression’ to attempt to describe the legal significance of ‘violations’
in the rules of the Buddhist monks (Vinaya). I conclude that a proper consideration of the role of sexual desire in the Vinaya
allows me to show that ‘violations were accepted within an institutional framework, that ‘violators’ were not excluded from
the order of monks and that sexual experience could be seen as an alternative, if controversial, path of spiritual development. 相似文献
11.
Jamie Murray 《International Journal for the Semiotics of Law》2006,19(2):127-151
This article orientates Deleuze & Guattari’s pragmatic semiotics towards a semiotics of law. This pragmatic semiotics is explored, and directly related to the theory of emergence and complexity that is also a key feature of Deleuze & Guattari’s work. It is suggested that the development of these aspects of Deleuze & Guattari’s thought in relation to law allows the contours of a noological legal theory to be sketched out. Noology is the study of images of thought, their emergence, their genealogy, and their creation. A first exploration of this noological legal theory is then carried out by the conceptualisation of nome law as the first emergence of law as theorised by Deleuze & Guattari in the plateau “1837: Of the Refrain” from “A Thousand Plateaus”. This is a conceptualisation of law’s emergence in a far-from-equilibrium palaeolithic hunter-gatherer pack, and contrasts to accounts of law’s origin in a founding violence or mythical contract. It is the ‘big bang’ of legality, and the opening up of a first image of legality, problematic of social organisation, and anthropomorphic knowledge space. 相似文献
12.
13.
Panu Minkkinen 《Law and Critique》2008,19(1):65-85
The essay discusses law’s inability to address the phenomenon of human suffering and, at the same time, investigates a possible
theoretical kinship between Walter Benjamin’s notion of ‘the expressionless’ and Emmanuel Levinas’s understanding of suffering
as the foundation of an interhuman ethics. The kinship between Levinas and Benjamin is examined with reference to suffering
in the visual arts and, more specifically, in Matthias Grünewald’s Isenheim Altarpiece and Francis Bacon’s crucifixion triptychs.
The essay argues that in the crucifixion scenes of both Grünewald’s medieval altarpiece and Bacon’s triptychs, suffering is
what constitutes ‘the expressionless’. After every detail of the image, every element of attribute, motif, composition and
colour have been accurately depicted, a residue still remains, an ethical truth that cannot be appropriated into a meaningful
unity but that nevertheless calls for a response. While law must always give suffering a utilitarian value in its attempts
to assign responsibility for the injury occurred, the essay argues that the fragmentariness in all true art that Benjamin
calls ‘the expressionless’ is akin to Levinas’s understanding of the constitutional uselessness of suffering, its essence
as ‘for nothing’.
相似文献
Panu MinkkinenEmail: |
14.
Jeanne L. Schroeder 《Law and Critique》2007,18(1):117-142
H.L.A. Hart’s jurisprudence seems antithetical to Jacques Lacan’s psychoanalysis. Professor Schroeder argues that, in fact,
Hart’s concept of law has surprising similarities to Lacan’s ‘discourse of the Master’. Both reject a command theory of law:
subjects do not obey law out of fear. Moreover, both insist that the authority of law is completely independent from its content.
Anyone seeking to develop a psychoanalytically sophisticated critical legal theory should reconsider Hart. As insightful as
his concept of the symbolic is, Lacan has no expertise in legal systems and does not discuss positive law per se. Although he posited a theory of ethics in his Seventh Seminar and the seeds of a jurisprudence are implicit within his theory,
he offers no account of legal right, justice or what Hart misleadingly calls ‘morality’. A Lacanian jurisprudence must, therefore,
be supplemented by other sources.
Moreover, legal positivists should not dismiss psychoanalysis. As insightful as Hart’s jurisprudence is, his theories of legal
subjectivity and linguistics are simplistic and his concept of law too narrow. He describes only one aspect of legal experience:
obedience to law. He ignores what most legal actors do: Hart’s concept of law excludes the practice of law. Although Lacan’s ‘master’s discourse’ surprisingly parallels Hart’s jurisprudence, Lacan does not restrict the symbolic
to the master’s discourse. It requires three other ‘discourses’. Lacan, therefore, supplements Hart. Specifically, Lacan’s
fourth discourse describes the excluded practice of law and provides the mechanism by which ‘morality’ can critique law.
相似文献
Jeanne L. SchroederEmail: |
15.
Toomas Kotkas 《Law and Critique》2010,21(2):163-182
This article discusses the role of individual rights in the production of active citizenship. In recent years, the notion
of ‘active citizenship’ has become an object of research in both political and social science. Studies that draw on the Foucaultian
governmentality tradition have been particularly interested in various societal discourses and practices through which active
citizenship is being produced. However, the role of law and rights has been neglected or even rejected in these studies. The
aim of this article is thus to show that certain procedural rights, the right to participate in particular, constitute an
important legal technology in the production of active citizenship. The analysis is based on the recent developments in Finnish
social and health care law. It will also be argued that despite the apparently convergent subject-matter, Jürgen Habermas’s
normative theory of the ‘procedural paradigm of law’ does not offer a meaningful framework in which to address the relationship
between active citizenship and procedural rights since it is based on an overly narrow conception of subjectivity. 相似文献
16.
Jessica Whyte 《Law and Critique》2009,20(3):309-324
In Homo Sacer, Giorgio Agamben suggests that Herman’s Melville’s ‘Bartleby the Scrivener’ offers the ‘strongest objection against the principle
of sovereignty’. Bartleby, a legal scribe who does not write, is best known for the formula with which he responds to all
his employer’s requests, ‘I would prefer not to.’ This paper examines this formula, asking what it would mean to ‘prefer not
to’ when the law is in question. By reading Melville’s story alongside Aristotle’s theory of potentiality and Walter Benjamin’s
theses on history, it suggests that Bartleby’s interest, for Agamben, lies in his challenge to dominant conceptions of the
relation between potentiality and actuality, which, he believes, are rendered indistinct in sovereignty. By reflecting critically
on Agamben’s depiction of Bartleby as a ‘new Messiah’, this paper examines Agamben’s understanding of what it would mean to
fulfil the law, and what form of political task this would entail. 相似文献
17.
Bryan R. Hogeveen 《Critical Criminology》2005,13(3):287-305
After a decade of high incarceration rates, the Canadian Department of Justice has revised its approach to juvenile justice.
Enshrined in the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), the renewed youth justice system stresses the importance and responsibility
of community for crime control. While on the surface the state’s appeals to such programmes as restorative justice seem laudable,
caution should be exercised in fully endorsing this approach. While community initiatives have been criticized for “widening
the net of social control” and intruding state control deeper into social life, their exclusionary potential is perhaps more
troubling. Following Derrida’s metaphysics of presence, I suggest that ‘community’ perpetually finds meaning in opposition
to the other. In this environment, Aboriginal youth, who are among the most marginalized in Canadian society, will likely
be the most unfavourably effected. This paper does not, however, entirely reject the Act’s appeal to community. Nevertheless,
I argue that for meaningful challenges to contemporary constructions of community and youth justice to occur the discursive
limits forced upon ‘community’ must be fractured and fashioned in ways that renounce homogeneity.
We strongly believe the solution to youth crime is in the community. Give the community the ability to deal with it and they
will (Canada 1997). 相似文献
18.
Jacques de Ville 《Law and Critique》2009,20(1):59-78
The Anaximander fragment, in the readings of both Heidegger and Derrida, speaks of that which exceeds positive law. In this
article, the author provides a detailed reading of Heidegger’s Der Spruch des Anaximander, showing how Heidegger relates this fragment to his thinking of Being, the latter having been ‘forgotten’ by metaphysics.
Heidegger’s reading at the same time involves a contemplation of technology and of the ontological relation of beings to each
other. Derrida’s reading of Heidegger’s Der Spruch highlights specifically those parts of Heidegger’s text where that which precedes Being’s gathering, Being’s disjoining or
dissemination, is pointed to. This disjoining, Derrida contends, speaks of the gift of a day more ancient than memory itself
and ties in closely with certain aspects of the thinking of Marx. Derrida’s focus on that which precedes Being is in turn
related to his contemplation of the law or condition of possibility of technology and also of that which makes possible a
relation to the other as other. This condition of possibility, or the gift of Being, which Heidegger’s text also speaks of,
involves a ‘higher law’ which can serve as a ‘measure’ for the evaluation, interpretation and transformation of positive law.
相似文献
Jacques de VilleEmail: |
19.
In the UK and USA ‘Hate crime’ has become a topic of public controversy and social mobilization around issues of violence
and harassment. This has largely but not exclusively addressed racism, homophobia and gender based violence. This article
has three objectives. First, to situate hate crime legislation within a broad theory of modernity;secondly to examine the
politics of its emergence as a public issue; thirdly to use data from the authors' recent research in Greater Manchester to
illuminate the complexity of the concept of ‘hate crime’. The centrality of ‘hate crime’ to current debates derives from the
importance of rights-based regulation of complex societies and the juridical management of emotional life. Hatred and violence
have become problematic behaviour thrown into relief by a long term civilizing process. Hate crimes have thus acquired powerful
rhetorical focus for mobilization of victim and identity politics. With reference to racist violence in Oldham and elsewhere
in Greater Manchester, we argue that in its application and construction, however, ‘hate crime’ is a complex phenomenon that
might dramatize rather than regulate the problems it seeks to address.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Derek Dalton 《Law and Critique》2007,18(3):375-405
Drawing on interview data of gay men who have had their behavior in public spaces scrutinised by agents of the law for signs
deviance, this article explores the historical characteristics of police animosity towards such conduct in Australia. This
entails examining encounters between police and gay men who pursue desire in ‘beat’ (or ‘cottage’ to the use the UK term) spaces. Exploring why these outlaw gay male subjects are so abject and troubling to the law, the
discussion documents how law’s desire to regulate gay men plays out in the masquerade of ‘plain-clothes’ agent
provocateur operations where police entrap gay men by mimicking gay bodily appearances, gestures and mannerisms. This article also examines
how police regulation of gay desire functions as a form of violence that delimits expressions of same sex desire in public
spaces. A key theme that underpins the analyses in this paper is that the policing of desire in ‘beat’ spaces helps produce qualities of illicitness and dangerousness and that this, in turn, fuels the circuit of desire at play
between gay men and agents of the law.
相似文献
Derek DaltonEmail: |