增益素对免疫鸡体液免疫功能的影响

以雏鸡为试验动物模型 ,研究增益素对免疫鸡体液免疫功能的影响。试验鸡分为饲喂增益素和不饲喂增益素 2组。分别于接种前 (0d)、接种后 3、10、15、2 1和 2 7d测定鸡新城疫HI抗体效价 ;接种后 2 8d进行攻毒保护试验 ,统计各组鸡的发病率和死亡率。结果表明 ,增益素对疫苗免疫鸡体液免疫功能有明显的增强作用。     

新型伊维菌素微球片剂的制备及其对猪蛔虫病的疗效观察

用包封了伊维菌素的玉米醇溶蛋白微球制备新型伊维菌素微球片剂。通过片剂崩解试验和硬度测试,优化了其配比和干燥时间;将制得的片剂在温度为(40±2)℃、相对湿度为(75±5)%的条件下进行为期6个月的加速稳定性试验,评估环境因素对片剂质量的影响;通过对猪蛔虫病的疗效试验,确定了该伊维菌素微球片剂的推荐剂量及药效持续时间。按照优化配方制备的药片崩解时间小于15 min,对温度和湿度不敏感,稳定性佳;剂量在0.3 mg/kg以上的各伊维菌素微球片剂处理组给药7、14、21 d后,蛔虫卵转阴率均超过90%,与未经药物处理的空白对照组有极显著差异(P0.01)。结果证实,该新型片剂符合《中华人民共和国兽药典(二2 2五年版)》的要求,对猪蛔虫病的治疗效果较好,推荐剂量为0.3 mg/kg,药效能持续3周以上,具有很好的临床应用前景。     

艾纳香提取物颗粒剂质量的评价

为了评价艾纳香提取物颗粒剂的质量,按《中国药典》2020年版要求的方法对自制艾纳香提取物颗粒剂的性状、粒度、水分、溶化性进行检测。采用紫外分光光度法（UV）对其总黄酮含量进行检测,采用气相色谱法（GC）对其挥发性成分进行检测,并进行颗粒剂稳定性试验及包装条件下的加速试验。结果显示,颗粒剂粒度均匀,呈棕黄色,粒度、溶化性均符合药典规定,水分未符合药典规定;总黄酮、L-龙脑、β-石竹烯、L-樟脑、芳樟醇含量分别为29.31 mg/g、20.52 mg/g、10.41 mg/g、10.02 mg/g、2.18 mg/g;挥发成分在高温下明显下降,而高湿、强光条件下外观性状及有效成分的含量均无明显变化;包装条件下常温的加速试验结果显示颗粒外观性状以及有效成分的含量均无明显变化。结果表明,室温下颗粒剂有包装情况下稳定性好,为颗粒剂质量标准的建立提供了数据。     

沃尼妙林注射液的研制

以含量测定为指标,通过均匀设计试验进行处方筛选,同时优化制备工艺;用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对沃尼妙林注射液的含量进行检测;通过经典恒温加速试验,进行初步的稳定性试验研究.结果,优选得到的注射剂的工艺处方组成稳定.HPLC法的回收率为99.59%,检测限为0.030 4 μg/mL,定量限为0.085 2μg/mL,回归方程y=1E+06x-25 120,相关系数r2=0.999 7.结果表明,研发的沃尼妙林注射液较稳定,适合产业化生产.     

用硝酸铵降温保存疫苗

我们选用化肥硝酸铵做制冷剂,井水做溶媒,用9磅保温瓶做隔热器材,在外界温度达34℃的情况下,能使10支×300只份或10支×500只份的鸡新城疫Ⅰ系疫苗或Ⅱ系疫苗,或10支×238只份的禽霍乱冻干苗,在0℃以下连续保存4昼夜。在4℃下又连续保存6昼夜。为进一步完善农村大队级疫(菌)苗的冷藏和贮运找到了新方法。 (一)筛选制冷剂及最佳浓度 1.相同条件下几种制冷剂效果比较:在气温为18℃,水温为16℃,配制浓度均为500:     

硝碘酚腈、丙硫咪唑驱除奶山羊消化道蠕虫的效果

(一)材料和方法1.试验药物:硝碘酚腈(Dovenix):含25%Nitroxynil(4-Cyano-2-iodo-6-nitro-phenol),系一种水质缓冲注射液,桔红色,由法国罗纳梅里厄公司提供。丙硫咪唑(Aibenda-zole):片剂,每片含丙硫咪唑50mg,批号为890830,陕西省汉中兽药厂生产。2.试验动物和分组:对贵州牧草种籽繁殖场自然感染消化道蠕虫的奶山羊经粪便检查,选择感染蠕虫种类多、感染强度高的27只供试验用。将其中25只奶山羊随机分为5组,每组5只。第1组为硝碘酚腈10mg/kg体重剂量组,第2组为硝碘酚腈15mg/kg剂量组,分别1次肘后皮下注射,第3     

产单核细胞李氏杆菌RPA-LF快速检测方法的建立

为建立一种基于侧流层析的重组酶聚合酶扩增技术(RPA-LF)的快速检测产单核细胞李氏杆菌的方法,以该菌溶血素基因hly为靶序列设计用于RPA试验的引物及探针。利用筛选到的引物和探针对RPA反应进行优化,结果表明RPA反应可在25～45℃较大温度范围内进行,10～25 min即可完成,其扩增产物在试纸条上仅需5 min即可获得检测结果。因此,在最佳反应温度(37℃)和最佳反应时间(15 min)条件下,RPA-LF总反应时间为20 min。该检测方法不与其他12种常见的食源性病原微生物发生交叉反应,对产单核细胞李氏杆菌基因组的最低检测限可低至400 pg。本研究中建立的产单核细胞李氏杆菌的RPA-LF检测方法具有检测时间短,反应灵敏,特异性好,结果直观,无须昂贵仪器等优点,可为后期产单核细胞李氏杆菌的现场检测应用打下坚实基础。     

鸡饲喂阿散酸后的排泄规律及其光降解试验

选用20日龄健康黄鸡30只,随机分为2组,每组15只,分别饲喂含0和200mg/kg阿散酸的全价饲料,试验时间为10d,混饲后收集不同时间的粪样,以微波消解-原子荧光测定法测定鸡粪中总砷的质量浓度,以高效液相色谱法测定鸡粪中阿散酸的质量浓度,了解阿散酸在鸡体内的排泄情况;将不同时间点收集的鸡粪进行阿散酸的光降解试验。结果,阿散酸在鸡粪中的排泄量在饲后第72小时达到稳态(阿散酸为63.42mg/kg,总砷为45.89mg/kg),阿散酸排泄量占总砷量的52.82%～58.96%。停饲后总砷、阿散酸排泄量呈较快速下降,第96小时鸡粪中已检不出阿散酸。光照组鸡粪中阿散酸的降解率为95.21%,避光组鸡粪中阿散酸的降解率为75.15%。结果表明,鸡饲喂阿散酸后主要以阿散酸原形的形式排泄;光照可以加速鸡粪中阿散酸的降解与转化。     

与《兽医临床药物不合理配伍方例分析》一文的作者商榷

《中国兽医科技》1986年第11期刊登张志恒的《兽医临床药物不合理配伍方例分析》一文读后颇感新颖、精湛,实为一篇佳作,深受教益。但觉有不足之处,特提几点补充意见,敬向作者和同道求教。 重复用药及用法、用量不当方例中的方例2:以盐酸四环素25万单位×15、5％葡萄糖注射液500×2、安钠咖20×1,一次静注。除作者叙述的外,补充如下: (一)处方用法有错误。盐酸四环素的剂量375万单位换算为3.75克,应该用5%葡萄糖液37580毫升稀释后滴注,显然少2750毫升,这就违背了盐酸四环素稀释成0.1%浓度缓慢静脉滴注的用法说明,此骡的死亡实属医疗事故。 (二)加剧酸中毒必加速病畜死亡。药物稀释浓度3.75‰,比说明书要求高2倍多,浓度越大酸度越高。朱模忠:《抗菌素的不良反应及防止措施 》(畜牧兽医文摘,4,1977)中说明盐酸四环素1%的浓度pH在1.8～3.3之间,并谈及加剧酸中毒的症状,导致加速死亡。 (三)由于盐酸四环素稀释浓度高而稀释液少,加之静注时间缩短,可使心血管被抑制而死亡。     

猪圆环病毒3型PCR诊断方法的建立

根据NCBI中PCV3的基因组序列,设计了1对特异性引物,并对PCR的反应体系和反应条件进行优化,同时进行特异性和敏感性试验,最后应用所建立的PCR方法检测了临床送检的22份病料。结果显示,建立的PCR方法的最佳反应条件为总体积25 L,退火温度56℃,模板DNA量3 L(l ng/m L),进行35个循环。该PCR能特异地扩增出目的片段,长度约为381 bp。测序结果表明,PCR扩增产物正确。该PCR反应特异性强,只能扩增PCV3阳性样品,且能扩增的最低模板量为1×10-4ng/m L。用该PCR对送检的22份病料进行PCV3检测,结果阳性率为13.6%。可见,本研究建立的PCR方法特异、敏感,可用于PCV3的快速检测。     

China＇s Rise vs. International Order Evolution

A heated debate over the rise of China has been going on unabated in the international community for nearly two decades. However, with the elapse of time, the initial divergence of views in the mainstream opinion has gradually diminished and the gap in China policy among nations has likewise narrowed down. Instead, reason and a realistic approach have eventually taken center stare.     

The U. S. Policy toward DPRK: Opportunities and Constraints

布什政府上台以来,始终未能阻止朝鲜拥核步伐.朝核试后,美对朝政策有了新的调整,六方会谈得以复会.但美朝双方受各自国家利益和政策目标的限制,在朝鲜半岛无核化问题上的尖锐分歧难以解决,朝核危机仍存在再度升级的可能.     

Marxist Philosophy vs. International Relations Research in China

This article argues for the confirmation of Marxist philosophy as the ideology that guides international relations （IR） studies in China. Justification comes through the following points. According to Marxism, correct theoretical guidance serves as the prerequisite for correct practice. Marxist philosophy embodies, by nature, righteousness, in opposition to political hegemony. Accordingly, practice under its guidance represents fruitful revolutionary realism. Finally, advanced studies of international relations in this country cannot be separated from philosophical thinking. Using these arguments as background, this article specifically advocates materialism, patriotism, and service to the people as the corner-stone of China＇s IR theory building.     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

Excavating Concealed Tradeoffs: How Russians Watch the News

Citizens in democracies are expected to make better decisions if they understand policy tradeoffs. However, politicians rarely have incentives to communicate them; citizens are uncomfortable choosing among valued outcomes; and devising a common metric is difficult. It is not surprising that in the United States the environment provides relatively little cuing or priming of tradeoffs in television news. Russian citizens, on the other hand, face a media environment in which tradeoff cuing is intentionally suppressed by owners' agendas, yet viewers detect concealed tradeoffs even in the absence of tradeoff priming and viewpoint diversity. Analysis of discourse among ordinary Russians in 16 focus groups convened in four cities, differentiated by political reform and media market environments, showed that when watching news in which tradeoffs are thoroughly concealed, viewers challenge stories by offering a broad spectrum of uncued tradeoffs. Tradeoffs come from diverse policy domains and represent a range of cognitive strategies, some of which are considerably more abstract than others and link elements of their observations and assumptions (together with what they can extract from the stories) into complex reasoning outcomes.     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the     

Young American China Watchers＇ Views on China

In this paper, the author has made a thorough study over the new generation of American China Watchers. Most of the pages are devoted to a detailed comparison between the old generation and the young generation of American China Watchers regarding to their background, education, and views over China. At the end of the paper, the author also gives some policy suggestions for both the Chinese and U.S. government based on the findings in this study.     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.     

Constitution of the Chinese Associa tion for Interna tiona l Understa nding(Approved by the Plenary Session of the Eleventh Executive Council on April 2, 2014)

正Chapter I General Rules Article 1 The Chinese Association for International Understanding is a national non-governmental organization(NGO)in the People’s Republic of China.Article 2 The official name of the Association is"Zhong Guo Guo Ji Jiao Liu Xie Hui"in Chinese,or"Jiao Liu Xie Hui"for short.Its English translation is"Chinese Association for International Understanding",and abbreviated as"CAFIU".     

Guide to Authors

正Published by China Institute of International Studies,China International Studies is China’s first English-language journal on diplomacy and international politics for formal circulation.The magazine mainly publishes the latest research achievements of Chinese scholars and specialists on China’s diplomacy,international politics and international relations under such columns as China’s Diplomacy,International Relations,International Politics,International Security,Regional Issues and World Economy.