澳大利亚华人新移民之比较研究

本文通过比较分析在澳大利亚的中国大陆、香港和台湾华人新移民的人口特征、经济生活和参政情况,探讨他们之间的异同点。人口特征方面,三地华人数量均呈持续上升态势,但离境人数也持续增加;三地华人女性移民人数均略高于男性;青年群体比例最高。经济生活特征方面,香港移民的就业情况最好,收入最高,其次为台湾移民,而中国大陆移民最差。参政方面,香港华人的参政议政程度最高;尽管三地华人新移民的参政意识与能力都有了一定程度的增强,但其参政的广度和深度还有待拓展。     

华人新移民研究

华人新移民包括自20世纪50年代以来的中国大陆移民、台港澳移民和东南亚华人二次移民.本文拟探讨华人新移民的分布、特点、新移民内部以及新、老移民之间的关系.笔者认为国际移民是经济全球化的一个重要因素,在地区间经济发展不平衡的情况下,跨国移民将不断增加.华人新移民是国际移民的一个重要组成部分,她改变了海外华人分布的格局,赋于海外华人新的特点,并为移居国和祖籍国的经济、社会和文化的发展作出了巨大的贡献.     

社会转型与集体性焦虑:一项关于巴黎华人东北新移民的实证调查

以"东北人"为主的华人新移民是上世纪90年代以来法国华人社会中的一个重要组成部分,备受法国社会的关注。通过对华人新移民的访谈调查,笔者提出,有别于传统的侨乡移民,华人新移民陆续进入法国社会,不能用单一的经济或政治因素来解释,而应该更多地考察其背后隐含的深刻的社会性因素。这种迁移选择可以被看成是"城市中年一代"的生存压力和理性选择共同作用的结果对中国社会现实作出的直接的、积极的反应。     

跨国主义理论视野下的海外华人研究——评李明欢教授的《跨国化视野:华人移民的圆梦之旅》

李明欢教授的《跨国化视野:华人移民的圆梦之旅》,通过对闽浙侨乡及欧美等华人居住地的田野调查,深入探讨了侨乡的移民链、移民中介及欧洲华人新移民、以色列的中国劳工等问题。该著田野调查扎实,研究视角开阔,个案分析深入透彻。     

从边缘到主流:20世纪80年代以来法国华人移民研究综述

关于海外华人移民的研究,是史学界一个重要的研究课题。近十年以来,借助社会学、人类学、经济学、政治学等学科的国际移民研究的理论模式和方法,已从不同角度开展了丰富而详实的研究。本文主要梳理上世纪80年代以来法、中学术界对法国华人移民的研究,与法国学术界对华人移民的研究相比,国内学术界对法国华人移民的研究尚未脱离华侨华人研究的史学范畴,普遍缺乏国际移民研究的理论视角和问题建构。作者认为,对法国华人新地域移民群体的研究将是结合中国转型社会研究的一个全新课题。     

沟通与融合:新加坡华人宗乡会馆与中国新移民

新加坡中国新移民的人数不断增加,如何融入新加坡当地社会亦被提上日程。不仅政府重视新移民融入主流社会,新加坡民间社会对此也非常重视。在这一过程中,宗乡会馆所扮演的角色最为引人瞩目。据此,本文从新加坡中国新移民的现状出发,分析了华人宗乡会馆对促进中国新移民融入新加坡本土社会过程中所发挥的作用,并在此基础上思考当中所存在的问题以及亟需完善之处。     

问题与方法:略论王赓武先生的海外华人研究

作为海外华人研究的重要奠基人和开拓者,王赓武先生主要是从历史学的角度对华侨华人进行了研究;在对华侨华人的历史研究中,他十分强调对华人移民生活背景的分析,从文化的角度对华侨华人进行分析是其主要特色。王赓武先生的华侨华人研究主要研究了三个问题,即中国和移居国的政策对华人移民的影响、华人移民对中国和移居国的认同、华人对中国发展的贡献。王赓武先生的华侨华人研究,不仅给我们提供了关于华侨华人的具体知识,更主要是给我们提供了一种研究方向和方法的启示。     

华侨华人:作为研究对象的"特殊性"及其与中国的关系

本文指出了自中国改革开放以来国内外对于华侨华人研究日趋关注的现象,认为这主要是由持不同立场的学者对华侨华人与中国关系的认识引起的.文章从四个方面探讨了华侨华人的"特殊性"及其与中国的关系,认为对于华侨华人"特殊性"的认识,有助于更好地理解华侨华人作为移民群体所具有的个案意义,从而引发对移民所具有的"普遍性"的思考,同时也有助于进一步消除关于华侨华人研究的政治敏感性,并拓宽华侨华人研究的视野.     

新华侨华人的职业结构及其影响因素——美国与加拿大的比较

本文用人口社会学理论分析了美国和加拿大新华侨华人的职业结构及影响因素.文章认为,20世纪70年代后进入美国和加拿大的华人应被视为新华侨华人.目前,海外华侨华人大约3500万,美国华人有330万,加拿大华裔有120万.美国和加拿大新增加的华人人口中,新华侨华人约占2/3.加拿大的新华侨华人主要集中在大城市,其中70%以上集中在多伦多、温哥华.19世纪至20世纪60年代美国华人移民基本上集中在西海岸地区,从1970年开始,华人集中而居的状况开始发生变化,区域分散化趋势日渐明显.美国和加拿大新华侨华人的职业结构总体上发生了巨大的变化,即由体力型向智力型转变,新华侨华人的经济地位也随之提高了很多.但是,新华侨华人中贫富差别严重.影响新华侨华人职业结构的因素有:美、加、中三国移民政策的调整放宽了对移民出入境的限制;华人人口结构发生的变化影响了其职业结构;知识结构的变化和劳动力市场也对新华侨华人职业结构产生了不可忽视的影响.     

战后移民与澳大利亚种族主义的衰落

战后移民对澳洲社会的贡献以及与澳洲社会的融合使澳大利亚的民族意识和社会关系发生了变化.澳大利亚民族与社会的单一性、排他性和封闭性逐渐被多元性、兼容性和开放性所取代,种族主义逐渐衰落,而以种族主义为基础的"白澳政策"也逐步不再被作为澳大利亚的国家既定政策.这一系列变化从一个侧面体现出战后澳大利亚现代化发展的速度和水平.     

Locating Kaliningrad And KÖNigsberg In Russian And German Collective Identity Discourses And Political Symbolism In The 750Th Anniversary Celebrations Of 2005

This article begins by briefly exploring issues of conflict and control in relation to the 750th anniversary of the city of Kaliningrad/Königsberg. An analysis of the tensions between Russian regional (Kaliningrad) and national (federal) identity discourses on the political symbolism of the 750th anniversary commemoration is offered, using Russian media reports and interviews conducted in Kaliningrad. German narratives on the political symbolism of the anniversary events and their implications for German national identity discourses are investigated via interviews conducted in Kaliningrad and Germany, German media reports, books, films and a theater production about Königsberg. Particular attention is given to the impact of the German expellee organizations on framing the discourse about Königsberg in contemporary Germany. The article will conclude by comparing and contrasting the various discourses and interpretations of the anniversary in the Kaliningrad region, Russia and Germany.     

The FBI's Role in Expelling Germans from Ecuador During the 1940s

The expulsion from Latin America of immigrants from axis countries and their descendants is an important but little‐studied episode of the Second World War. The role of the US, and in particular that of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), in their removal has largely disappeared from historical memory. This article examines how the FBI advanced US commercial interests, and in the process harmed vulnerable people who were subject to these expulsions.     

'Adorned with the Mix of Faith and Profanity that Intoxicates the People': The Festival of the Senhor do Bonfim in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 1930–19541

This essay looks at a formative period in the history of the festival of the Senhor do Bonfim, one of Salvador's most important religious festivals. The essay focuses on the public ritual washing of the Church of Bonfim and the tensions between the Catholic Church, who periodically banned the washing from the larger festival, and a variety of historical actors including politicians, journalists, authors and working-class Salvadorans whose efforts eventually contributed to the lifting of the prohibition once and for all in 1953. The author suggests that the defence of the washing both reflected and contributed to a larger hegemonic process taking place in Salvador after 1930, as actors within Salvador's dominant class accepted and even praised Afro-Bahian cultural practices, including them as integral parts of a larger Bahian identity.     

The Health of the Rurality: The Encuesta de Folklore and Popular Healing Practices in Tucumán, 1921

This article examines healing practices among the rural inhabitants of Tucumán in the opening quarter of the twentieth century through a reading of the 1921 National Folklore Survey. It argues that popular medical practices, referred to as curanderismos (popular healing), continued into the twentieth century not only as cultural practice of the popular classes but as necessity due to limited investments in public health in the rural regions on the part of the national and provincial government.     

'Brazil Needs to Change': Change as Iteration and the Iteration of Change in Brazil's 2002 Presidential Election1

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's triumph in Brazil's 2002 presidential election was construed in terms of a promise of radical change against the holders of the status quo . This article argues that in fact a more subtle political game was a stake in the election, a contest over the meaning and limits of change itself. The article examines how the various players – Lula da Silva, outgoing president Fernando Henrique Cardoso and the PSDB's presidential candidate José Serra – invoked and iterated a discourse of change to define and redefine the political dividing lines that marked out the electoral dispute and attempted to set or fix the distinctions between their political positions.     

INDIA’S DEMONETISATION: MODI’S ‘NUDGE’ TO CHANGE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR

This article offers an account of the impact of Indian PM Narendra Modi’s decision in November 2016 to withdraw suddenly all Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes from circulation in India with the avowed intent of combatting fraud, tax avoidance and other economic problems. The article assesses the impact from the demonetisation in November to the March 2017 Indian regional elections, where wide-scale victories for Modi’s political party, the BJP, appear to have vindicated his reforms. The article provides an analysis of the political background of the period, as well as looking at the economic and societal impact of the changes, including the way in which the behaviour of Indian citizens has been ‘nudged’ with particular regard to use of banking, transactions, social effects, and payment of tax.