Police in schools and student arrest rates across the United States: Examining differences by race,ethnicity, and gender

ABSTRACT

Implementing police in schools is a common strategy for ensuring school safety, but it is unknown whether, to what extent, and for whom the presence of police in schools affects student arrest rates. Utilizing nationwide data from the 2013–2014 Civil Rights Data Collection (N = 92,620), this study examines how police presence is related to student arrest rates, and whether this association varies by student race/ethnicity and gender. Path models and propensity score matching models show that the association between police presence and arrest rates was stronger for all the groups examined in schools with police, particularly for Black students and boys. This provides support for criminalization theories suggesting that police presence results in more arrests.     

Disproportionality in Daily Metal Detector Student Searches in U.S. Public Schools

While the effectiveness of metal detectors to improve school safety remains debated, many public schools continue to rely on this technology to control school violence. Among them is the 1% of public schools where students are searched on a daily basis by metal detector. This study examines the school-level risk factors associated with daily searches to estimate the disproportionality of their use in high-violence, majority-minority public schools. Analyzing data from the 2007?2008 School Survey on Crime and Safety, this study finds that 91% of public schools that perform daily metal detector searches of students are high-violence, majority-minority schools. However, the results also show that, among high-violence schools, those with majority-minority enrollments are significantly more likely than others to conduct these searches. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of policy responses to school violence that are distinct and disproportionate according to student demographics, rather than safety conditions.     

Advancing a Conceptual and Empirical Model of School Climate for School Staff in California

ABSTRACT

School climate is increasingly intertwined with efforts to create safe schools and improve social-emotional learning and academic outcomes. While current definitions of school climate implicate the decisions and actions of school staff members, the majority of school climate research focuses on the perspectives of students. This study presents an adapted model of school climate that focuses on the experiences of school staff members, and is one of the first empirical studies to explore a statewide data set of responses from staff members in California public schools. Results suggest that there are meaningful differences in the experiences of school climate for different staff members and that these differences should guide the assessments of school climate and changes to policies and procedures that may influence climate.     

浅谈公安院校学生思想工作的动态管理——以计算机犯罪侦查方向学生为例

由于互联网管控难度非常大,因此要求网警必须在斗争中经受住考验,这也对公安院校学生管理工作提出了更高的要求,文章针对学生各阶段特点,介绍了集体活动法与谈心法,并详细说明了实施方法与同仁商榷,以期提高学生管理工作的水平,实现学生在校期间的完美蜕变,达到为公安一线输送合格的预备警官的目的。     

学校治安权的分析及强化路径

连续发生的校园安全事件,把人们的目光再一次聚焦到了如何保障学校安全,师生人身安全的问题上。发挥治安学科在解决这一问题上的独特优势,同时利用法学相关理论,重点围绕对学校现有治安权(也可称为安全管理权)的分析和强化路径展开,探讨通过落实现有治安权和专门立法(如《校园安全法》)授予学校新的治安维护权(或称一定限度的执法权),赋予学校保卫人员有限的治安执法权,将学校治安权适当扩展到校园周边,赋予保卫人员一定的警械使用权等解决问题的思路。     

由公安院校学员个性素质状况引发的思考

文章通过对公安院校学员个性素质状况的测试研究,认为当前公安院校男、女学员与全国普通院校大学生比较存在着非常显著性的差异。其中,公安院校男学员与全国普通院校男大学生的差异尤为显著,反映了公安院校学员个性素质结构的相对独特性。公安院校学员整体个性素质偏低,难以适应未来公安工作压力的现状,由此引发了对公安院校现行管理机制的思考,这将是今后公安院校教育管理深化改革所面临的重要课题。     

新时期公安本科院校“实战型”人才培养模式的架构

培养"实战型"警务人员,构建"实战型"人才培养模式是新时期我国公安本科院校教育教学改革的一项重要内容,也是实施"人才强校"战略的重要举措。本文从"实战型"公安人才的含义出发,结合辽宁警官高等专科学校的人才培养模式,对公安本科院校"实战型"人才培养模式的原则、基本框架和具体操作过程进行研究探讨。     

公安本科院校人才培养模式的现状分析

随着我国社会经济的快速增长以及社会主义民主与法制建设的全面推进,公安工作的执法理念、执法方式等各个方面都面临着全面变革,肩负着公安人才培养重任的公安院校也必须对其人才培养模式相应的做出调整.围绕公安本科院校现行的高中起点的普招本科生培养模式、大学起点的普招二学位培养模式和政法干警招录体制改革背景下的二学位培养模式,全面分析各自的产生背景、培养优势和现有弊端,以期为公安本科院校人才培养模式的改革工作明确方向.     

警察教坛艺术论

警察院校课堂教学艺术是一名警察教师能否真正发挥自己的政治素质与知识专长的主观前提要件。多年的警坛正规教育实践表明 :教师充分有效利用警务特点行业丰富的文化资源 ,将各种教学艺术通过人格化魅力加以高信度扩拓 ,进而一扫课堂中持续的精神压抑 ,使学生的苦学变乐学、重负变享受、要我学变我要学、木然变兴奋而无形中增强了其学习的主动性与创造性 ,真切地让他们第一次发现学习终于变成了一种心灵的慰藉。     

“Just Being Mean to Somebody Isn’t a Police Matter”: Police Perspectives on Policing Cyberbullying

Increasing public awareness of cyberbullying, coupled with several highly publicized youth suicides linked to electronic bullying, have led lawmakers and politicians to consider new criminal legislation specifically related to cyberbullying. However, little is known about how the police currently respond to cyberbullying, and it is not clear whether new laws are necessary. In this article, the authors draw upon in-depth interviews with Canadian street patrol officers and school resource officers to explore police perspectives on policing cyberbullying. In contrast to the reactive hard-line approach proposed in much legislation and public discussion, police officers prefer to take a preventative approach by educating youth and raising awareness about the dangers of digital communications. Although there are instances when criminal charges must be laid, these incidents transcend “bullying,” a term that has little legal meaning for police officers.     

基层民警思想政治工作思考

公安思想政治工作是公安工作的生命线。基层民警是公安思想政治工作的重点和难点。思想政治工作只有和制度建设相互结合 ,才能发挥最大效能。在做基层民警的思想政治工作时 ,一定要注意工作方法 ,坚持公安思想政治工作与公安业务工作紧密结合 ;坚持教育引导与管理约束相结合 ;坚持解决思想问题与解决实际问题相结合 ;坚持言教与身教相结合 ;坚持以理服人 ,以情感人。     

紧紧围绕新世纪公安工作需要培养新型高素质预备警官

适应新世纪警务工作的需要 ,建设高素质公安队伍 ,关键在教育。针对青年的思想实际 ,抓住思想政治工作生命线 ,坚定不移地走政治建校道路 ,培养学生坚定的政治思想素质 ;贴近公安工作实践 ,紧紧瞄准实战需要 ,培养学生过硬的公安业务素质 ;强化警体技能和实战技能训练 ,锻造学生强健的体魄和过硬的自卫擒敌本领 ;加强科学文化素质教育 ,培养具有广博知识面、良好人文精神和博大人文胸怀的新型现代警官     

谈警务技战术教师的“务”与“技”

警务技战术,是建立在良好身体素质基础上的通过训练形成的合理的克敌制胜的方法。警务技战术训练既是能力、技巧和策略的训练,也是执法水平的训练和塑造人民警察形象的训练。公安院校是培养公安后备人才、提高人民警察自身素质、加强公务队伍建设、进行警讯国际交流的重要阵地。警务技战术教学在公安院校教学中占据相当重要的地位,公安院校学员对警务技战术的学习也非常重视,同时警务技战术教师既是人民教师又是人民警察,这就要求警务技战术教师要具有较好的技战术素质,正确处理好＂务＂与＂技＂的关系。     

关于公安机关侦办轻伤害案件若干问题的思考

当前，在基层公安机关侦办轻伤害案件过程中存在一些问题，未能依法及时办理轻伤害案件，如办理轻伤害案件不及时、警力浪费大量、打击处理不力、导致大量信访案件产生等等。存在诸多问题的原因主要在于对调查取证工作不够重视、过度追求调解结案、公检法三机关沟通协调不力和伤情重复鉴定问题。因此，应当通过政府各部门全力参与加强社会治安综合治理、依法快速及时调查处理、切实加强公检法的协调配合和对公安民警强化执法知识的培训等多种措施对存在的问题加以解决。     

加强学员管理工作初探

公安院校学员管理工作应抓住管理者与被管理者两个关键环节 ,处理好二者之间的关系。注重提高管理者的管理意识 ,活化管理思路 ,采取综合措施 ,发挥学员主观能动性 ,提高学员的政治素质和文化修养等综合能力 ,培养出更多的优秀的公安预备警官。     

狠抓思想政治工作培养新型预备警官

建设高素质公安队伍 ,关键在教育 ,广大青年警官的培养关乎公安队伍的未来 ,因此 ,提高公安队伍素质和战斗力的重要措施 ,在于坚定不移地走政治建警和科教强警之路。发展公安教育是科教强警的根本大计 ,各级公安机关要从战略的高度出发 ,高度重视公安教育工作。而思想政治工作则是统摄公安队伍教育的灵魂 ,要培养新型高素质警官 ,必须狠抓思想政治工作这一生命线。     

从强制到自愿:公安政策工具的创新与适用

政策工具是政策的构成要素之一,政策工具选择正确与否对政策能否达到预期目标至关重要。一直以来,公安政策工具倾向于使用传统强制性工具,主要包括管制、直接提供、强制性措施。这些强制性公安政策尽管有许多优点,但也有缺乏灵活性、抑制社会活力,容易引发社会抵触情绪,产生官(警)民冲突以及容易滋生特权及权力寻租现象等弊端。因此,在新的历史条件下,创新公安政策工具,在公安改革的过程中积极采用自愿性的公安政策工具不仅有助于提高公安政策的执行力,而且是完善与推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的客观需要。自愿性公安政策工具主要有家庭与社区、志愿者服务、签约外包、公私伙伴关系、市场。选择和适用这些公安政策工具,必须以有利于实现公安政策目标为基本标准,注意政策工具自身的特征及其适用的环境,遵循政策工具选择及适用的合理程序。     

高速公路交警如何应对突发事件媒体采访

基层一线高速公路交警对于突发事件媒体采访抱有抵触情绪,"不敢说"、"不想说"、"怕说错"成为限制交警正常发挥水平的瓶颈,不利于高速公路交警良好形象的树立和交通管理工作的顺利开展。针对这种情况,作者就应对突发事件媒体采访时高速公路交警的心态调整进行了探讨,并提出了基本的应对策略和所应注意的问题,旨在提高基层民警突发事件媒体采访的应对能力,能给实际公安工作带来帮助。     

学生参与视角下的公安院校群众文化建设

推动公安文化大发展大繁荣,群众文化建设是基础,而群众文化建设的核心是参与度。推动公安文化大发展大繁荣,公安院校要起排头兵作用。通过调查问卷并结合工作实践,笔者发现当前公安院校群众文化活动中学生的积极性、主动性明显不高。原因是多方面的。警务化管理下,公安院校可以通过开设警察艺术系、把群众文化建设纳入考核指标体系、按照需求丰富内容创新形式、鼓励校园群众文化活动走出校园等实质性举措来提高学生的参与度。     

Sources of Fear of Crime at School

Abstract

While policymakers have granted a substantial commitment of resources in order to reduce fear of crime among U.S. school students, the research literature on fear of crime at school is in its infancy. This study investigates whether school security techniques reduce or exacerbate fear of crime among students, net of community and school disorder and student characteristics. Ferraro's (1995) theory of incivilities suggests that students might perceive highly visible security as an incivility, which might increase their fear of crime. Using a nationally representative sample of American school children from the 1993 National Household Education Survey: School Safety and Discipline Component (NHES-SSD), we found that while school security efforts do not predict student fear as well as school disorder and individual student traits, many types of security correspond with a significantly greater likelihood that a student will be worried about crime while none reduce feelings of worry.