The Relationship Between Bullying Victimization and School Avoidance: An Examination of Direct Associations,Protective Influences,and Aggravating Factors

This study examines the impact of bullying victimization on school avoidance by proposing the following hypotheses: (1) Net of other factors, students who have experienced bullying victimization are more likely to engage in school avoidance behaviors; (2) There are protective factors that will decrease this relationship between bullying victimization and avoidance behaviors; and (3) There are aggravating factors that will increase this relationship between bullying victimization and avoidance behaviors. Binary logistic regression models are estimated, using data from the 2011 National Crime Victimization Survey: School Crime Supplement, with a nationally representative sample of 6,547 middle and high school students. Findings provide strong support for the effect of bullying victimization on school avoidance, such that students who have experienced bullying are more likely to avoid places in school. Additionally, results suggest that participation in school activities and fear can influence the relationship between bullying victimization and school avoidance.     

Multidimensional Bullying Victimization Scale: Development and validation

The prevalence of bullying has increased over the past decade and is a public health concern. Existing measures of bullying lack breadth and/or psychometric support, which may inaccurately represent current rates of bullying. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a psychometrically sound measure, the Multidimensional Bullying Victimization Scale (MBVS), to evaluate bullying in adolescents. An initial pool of items was generated and rated by 600 adolescents. Exploratory factor analyses yielded three factors—direct bulling, indirect bullying, and evaluative bullying. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on independent sample of 623 adolescents, supporting the original three-factor solution. Results indicate that the MBVS demonstrates good internal consistency, construct validity, and concurrent validity. The MBVS scores were significantly and positively correlated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The MBVS provides a reliable and valid assessment of adolescents’ experiences with bully victimization.     

Swedish 10-Year-Old Children's Perceptions and Experiences of Bullying

Abstract

The main aim of the present study was to describe children's perceptions and experiences of bullying: the way they define it, their thoughts about why children are bullied and their experiences of the way adults respond to bullying. The study group comprised 960 children in the fourth grade. The most frequent answers concerning why some children get bullied were that these children have a different appearance (43%) or that they are deviating in other ways than by appearance (31%). Two groups of bullied children seem to be of special concern; the children who do not tell adults about their situation (9% of the bullied children) and the children who do not perceive that they have received help from adults at school (24% of bullied children). The children's perceptions and experiences are discussed in relation to interventions in Swedish schools.     

Bullying,peer victimization,and emotional problems in Cypriot adolescents referred to mental health services—a comparison of normative and clinical data

This study explores the prevalence of bullying and victimization among Cypriot adolescents diagnosed with mental health problems. Their psychosocial adjustment in relation to bullying is studied. The sample consisted of 187 adolescents (60.2% boys; M age = 13.2) and their parents. The present sample reported significantly higher rates of victimization than existing published normative values χ² (1, N = 187) = 27.0, p < .001. An alarming finding was that a total of 25.8% reported to be involved in bullying. There was a significant positive correlation between bullying and emotional symptoms (r = 0.36, p < .001), conduct problems (r = 0.35, p < .001), hyperactivity (r = 0.23, p < .003) and peer problems (r = 0.48, p < .001). The study suggests that there is increased victimization and psychosocial difficulties among Cypriot clinical population in regards to bullying.     

“Harden Up and Face Reality:” Exploring Underlying Bullying Beliefs in New Zealand

A growing body of research illustrating the detrimental consequences of bullying has led to many antibullying interventions being developed. Despite good intentions, evidence suggests that such programs vary considerably in their efficacy. The current study examines the social discourse around bullying in the New Zealand environment in order to see whether underlying beliefs may undermine or influence approaches to mitigate bullying. The study employed an exploratory, qualitative approach of social discourses in the media. Using 31 online media articles, and 501 related online comments, methods of applied thematic analysis revealed three main themes which captured the beliefs that (a) victims of bullying are weak, (b) perpetrators of bullying are evil, and (c) bullying is a normal and, in some ways, acceptable behavior. Such findings illustrate the role that societal beliefs play in shaping the environment in which bullying occurs, and have important implications for future bullying research and interventions.     

Teachers' Attitudes and Beliefs About Bullying

Abstract

Two exploratory studies were conducted to investigate U.S. teachers' attitudes and beliefs about bullying. Although most teachers believed they were doing a good job at preventing bullying, results indicate that some teachers hold beliefs that are at odds with current best practices in bullying prevention and intervention. First-year teachers would like more training in bullying despite reported confidence in their abilities to handle bullying, and report they did not receive such training either in teacher preparation programs or in-service training.     

Bullying and Difference

Abstract

Why are students who have special educational needs at greater risk of bullying than their peers when educated in mainstream settings? This case study of one mainstream secondary school describes the various facets of the peer group dynamics that underpinned social aggression and exclusion towards students who were hearing impaired. These students were subject to the same social pressures as their mainstream peers but in addition were at risk of stigmatisation. As a result of their deafness they were treated as second class citizens (discredited). This in turn could lead to denigration and actual bullying, as well as social exclusion/marginalisation.     

社会心理认知与构建社会主义和谐社会

构建社会主义和谐社会的核心是实现人的和谐,关键是通过认知社会成员的心理状况,及时调整相关政策措施,满足人们的合理需要,解决所存在的社会问题并干预或消解不良社会行为的发生以及通过激励有利于社会发展的社会行为,塑造积极健康的社会心理,在社会心理认知的基础上为构建社会主义和谐社会创造条件。     

Bullying and fear of victimization: Do supportive adults in school make a difference in adolescents’ perceptions of safety?

This study examines the role played by a limited number of fear-of-crime correlates in structuring variations in fear of violent victimization expressed by a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents who participated in the 2013 National Crime Victimization Survey School Crime Supplement. Results show that both male and female adolescents who experienced bullying victimization also felt a higher level of fear of victimization at school and elsewhere. Conversely, adolescents who received emotional support at school from teachers and other adults were significantly less likely to be fearful. When controlling for the selected predictors, female adolescents were not more fearful than their male counterparts. Additionally, findings indicate that, especially for male adolescents, a positive school climate has the capacity to moderate the effect of bullying victimization on one’s fear of crime.     

Managing Bullying and Managing Difference

Abstract

Much work on school bullying focuses on developing our understanding of the various factors that contribute to bullying and its management. This case study focuses on the possible connections between parts and offers a metaperspective of one mainstream secondary school. Demonstrating that bullying and its management is embedded within the network of relationships which together form the school system, a range of issues and dilemmas relevant to all schools are highlighted and discussed.     

论马克思主义对“社会心理”内涵界定的实质

在马克思主义发展过程中,马克思恩格斯以及其后的重要继承者都没有对＂社会心理＂的内涵进行明确诠释。透过普列汉诺夫的宏观论述,再结合马克思恩格斯的社会心理思想,马克思主义对于社会心理内涵界定的实质主要包括五个方面的内容：一是社会心理是自发的＂去个性化＂的共同社会意识;二是社会心理是以＂零距离＂方式呈现在社会现实中占主导地位的社会个体的整体感受状态;三是社会心理是呈现社会个体自身与＂他者＂的狭隘联系的初级社会意识;四是社会心理是一种在人与人之间彼此影响下形成的永远开放的意识系统;五是社会心理是一个与人类社会同步产生、发展与演变的历史过程。     

略论社会正义的道德心理学基础

正义的道德心理学基础是由于人们对自身或他人遭受不公待遇下的反应性态度的产物,其本质根源在于道德心理产生的主客体之间的关系交互性、利益相关性、情感共通性。关系交互性和利益相关性是正义感产生的刚性因素,而情感共同性则是正义感产生的柔性因素,只有将道义与功利结合起来、将刚性与柔性因素结合起来才能保持人们对正义的敏感性,才能使社会正义具有良好的社会心理基础,从而更好地实现公平正义的和谐社会。     

公安社会心理调研报告(2001年度)

对于公安工作和社会治安及时准确的评估意义重大。其信息渠道越多、评价指标越多 ,就越容易形成主体的、综合的视角 ,越容易使评价或评估更真实、客观。既往最常用的指标都是以刑事案件的发案率及案件与人口比的犯罪率 ,或是以发生案件与破获案件之比的破案率来衡量的。由于这类统计结果取自警察部门自身 ,因而容易受到警察部门“自我保护机制”的影响。本课题确定的评估指标有以下重点 :1 公众遇到犯罪或违法事件的受害率 ;2 公众对社会治安状况的感受与评价 ;3 公众对警察及警务工作的评价 ;4 公众对社会治安活动的参与态度等     

从"五项因素公式"看社会心理的重要地位和作用

本文通过对普列汉诺夫"五项因素公式"的分析,深入探讨了社会心理作为一个独立要素在社会结构中的重要地位和作用,提出重视并加强社会心理的研究,不仅对丰富和发展唯物史观具有重要的理论价值,而且对正确引导社会心理健康发展,以推进和深化改革也具有重大的实践意义.     

Do Social Relationships Protect Victimized Children Against Internalizing Problems?

We investigated whether social relationships protect children against the effects of victimization on internalizing problems. We used data from the Zurich Project on the Social Development of Children and Youths. Victimization at age 8 years was associated with internalizing problems at age 9 years. Victims who had siblings, warm parents, and a good relationship with the teacher had less severe internalizing problems than those who did not, providing evidence for a protective effect of social relationships. Friendships with classmates were not found to be protective. Furthermore, social relationships did not protect victims more than nonvictims.     

族群社会心理:民族心理学的研究对象

对民族心理学研究对象的模糊界定,难于给研究者提供科学的、明确的研究方向。文章分析了我国民族心理学研究者对民族心理学研究对象的各种观点,并引入人类学的“族群”概念,提出民族心理学的研究对象应该为族群社会心理,而不是一般的民族心理。民族心理学研究并非一般心理规律和意义的研究,而是具有特殊性和具体性的研究,是在社会实际场景中,在社会活动和人际交往中才能完成的研究。