ABO基因分型的等位基因特异性引物消耗法

目的建立一种新的ABO基因型分型的等位基因特异性引物消耗法(CASPA)。方法根据ABO基因碱基序列中的第261、297、803nt3处多态性位点设计6条特异性引物及1条公用引物,采用CASPA法鉴定146名中国汉族无关个体血液斑样品的ABO基因型。结果146名中国汉族无关个体血液斑样品中检出AAb、AB、AO1、BOv、O1Ov、AA、BB、O1O1、BO1等9种基因型,结果明确,其基因频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。结论ABO基因型CASPA分型方法为ABO血型的鉴定提供了一个新的检测方法。     

运用二重PCR和DNA芯片技术检测ABO基因型

目的以玻片为载体,用寡核苷酸探针杂交技术检测ABO基因型。方法根据ABO基因座外显子6和外显子7的3个SNP点的序列分布特征设计4条寡核苷酸探针,制成分型芯片。将待测样品DNA用末端标记了Cy5的引物进行二重PCR扩增,产物与芯片上的探针进行杂交,根据杂交产生的荧光信号确定样品的ABO基因型。结果利用ABO芯片,可对血斑、毛发等微量检材进行ABO基因型检测。对115名汉族无关个体的调查表明,ABO基因型的分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,等位基因杂合度观察值和期望值分别为0.591、0.616,多态信息含量为0.544,二联体和三联体非父排除率分别为0.188、0.334,个体识别能力为0.777。结论通过DNA芯片检测ABO基因型的技术适用于法医学样本,可满足高通量的检测需求。     

单管实时PCR快速检验ABO基因型

目的建立快捷特异的ABO基因分型检测方法。方法根据ABO基因结构特点,设计特异性引物和四色双链探针,采用单管实时PCR方法检测ABO基因,结果与传统免疫学方法相对比。结果该方法可检出常见的3个等位基因,区分常见的6种基因型,全部检测过程可在100min内完成。110例中国人的随机个体定型结果与传统免疫学方法一致。结论实时PCR法进行ABO基因分型,简便快捷,灵敏度高,可以有效地为侦查破案服务。     

常染色体21个SNPs多态性分型方法研究

目的建立常染色体21个SNPs的多态性分型方法。方法采用荧光标记公用引物和等位基因特异性引物原理设计SNP复合扩增引物体系,对45个备选SNP位点筛选,选出21个及性别Amelogenin构成复合扩增体系。PCR产物经3130XL型电泳仪电泳分离,GeneMaperTM3.0数据分析软件分析结果。同时随机选取6份样品,使用测序方法对SNP分型并进行测序验证。结果应用本研究建立的复合扩增体系扩增样品,产物经毛细管电泳后,每个SNPs均可正确判定基因型。随机选取6份样品SNPs位点测序结果显示,荧光标记SNPs复合扩增分型与直接测序结果完全一致。结论本研究建立的荧光标记公有引物特异性片段常染色体21个SNPs复合扩增方法是SNP多态性分析的一种有效方法,并有助于解决SNP分型识别能力、效率、通量和高成本的问题。     

测序方法验证12个STR基因座的基因型

目的 用测序方法验证12个STR基因座的基因型.方法 根据各STR基因座的特异性序列,对CSF1PO、FGA、TH01、TPOX、VWA、D5S818、D7S820、D8S1179、D13S317、D16S539、D18S51和D21S11 12个STR基因座设计了PCR引物并对标准品9947A和突变样本进行PCR产物测序.结果 标准品9947A和突变样本的测序结果均与其基因分型结果一致.结论 建立的测序方法准确、灵敏,可以用于STR基因型的确认.     

中国汉族人群不明原因猝死与NOS1AP基因多态性的相关性

目的研究日常活动中不明原因猝死(sudden unexpected death,SUD)者NOS1AP基因的单核苷酸多态性。方法收集60例一般日常活动中SUD病例心血样本作为SUD组,另外随机抽取80例无关个体的外周血样本作为对照组,提取基因组DNA,用特异性引物对NOS1AP部分SNP位点(rs10494366、rs10918859、rs12143842、rs12742393、rs3751284、rs348624)进行PCR扩增和直接测序,计算等位基因频率和基因型频率,并分析各SNP位点在SUD组与对照组之间的差异性。结果 NOS1AP第6外显子区域的rs3751284位点的等位基因频率和基因型频率在两组人群中的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。rs3751284位点的最小等位基因的频率在SUD组为0.325,在对照组为0.475。结论 rs3751284位点可能是SUD的易感基因位点。     

中国汉族人群不明原因猝死与NOSlAP基因多态性的相关性

目的研究日常活动中不明原因猝死（suddenunexpecteddeath,SUD）者NOSlAP基因的单核苷酸多态性。方法收集60例一般日常活动中SUD病例心血样本作为SUD组,另外随机抽取80例无关个体的外周血样本作为对照组,提取基因组DNA,用特异性引物对NOSlAP部分SNP位点（rsl0494366、rsl0918859、FSl2143842、rsl2742393、rs3751284、rs348624）进行PCR扩增和直接测序,计算等位基因频率和基因型频率．并分析各SNP位点在SUD组与对照组之间的差异性。结果NOSlAP第6外显子区域的rs3751284位点的等位基因频率和基因型频率在两组人群中的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。rs3751284位点的最小等位基因的频率在SUD组为0．325,在对照组为0．475。结论rs3751284位点可能是SUD的易感基因位点。     

ABO基因荧光标记复合AS-PCR分型的法医学应用研究

1990～1993年,Yamamoto等[1～3]通过对ABO基因的系列分析研究,发现了各等位基因核苷酸序列差异,为从分子水平进行ABO基因分型打下了基础.以后,国内外学者先后建立了PCR-RFLP、AS-PCR、直接测序等多种ABO基因分型方法.本文根据G.Watanabe等人报道[4],通过AS-PCR方法荧光标记复合扩增ABO基因型,并对其在法医学中的应用加以研究.现报道如下:     

ABO基因分型与多重STR联合检测在法医学中的应用

目的建立ABO基因型和Goldeneye16A试剂盒联合检测的方法,并评价其在法医学实践中的应用价值。方法将6种ABO基因型(A/A,A/O,B/B,B/O,A/B,O/O)的序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)检测方法与Goldeneye16A试剂盒相整合进行同步分型。通过对460份男性个体血痕样本、9947A DNA及90份案件样本进行检测,考察方法的一致性、灵敏度及对法庭科学检材的适用性。结果应用本文方法可同时检出6种ABO基因型和15个常染色体STR基因座及性别决定基因座,检测灵敏度为125pg,其中ABO基因检测灵敏度达63pg。460份男性血痕和90份案件检材证实该联合分型方法用于各类检材结果准确、稳定。结论本文ABO基因分型与多重STR联合检测方法,适用于各类含有核细胞的生物检材,在法庭科学DNA鉴定中有较好的应用前景。     

PCR－RFLP技术鉴定ABO基因型的法医学应用研究

目的建立PCR－RFLP、非变性PAG胶垂直电泳和银染技术进行ABO基因分型的方法体系,并对200名广东汉族人群ABO基因型频率进行了调查。方法用Chelex－100和酚、氯仿抽提法处理样本,PCR扩增后用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直电泳和银染技术检测分型。结果ABO位点特异性扩增片段长度为175bp～210bp,6种基因型频率分布为0.0250～0.4300,杂合度H值为0.5162,个体识别力DP值为0.7111。结论该方法可成功运用于血液、血痕、精斑、毛发、骨组织和混合斑等检材的个体识别及亲权鉴定的检验。     

One method of collecting fallen off epithelial cell

In this paper, the comparative analysis of ABO genotyping and serological typing was conducted in 360 unrelated blood samples from northern Chinese Han population using genotyping method and serological typing method, respectively. The results of ABO genotyping were obtained by Goldeneye 16BT STR plus ABO kit. The ABO serological types were determined by the antigen–antibody agglutination test. The ABO types were confirmed by the two methods and no contradiction types were found; two more types were obtained using the ABO genotyping method and the discrimination power was further improved; the information of ABO genotyping and 15 STRs could be obtained at the same time using the Goldeneye 16BT STR plus ABO kit.     

Alleles responsible for ABO phenotype-genotype discrepancy and alleles in individuals with a weak expression of A or B antigens

ABO types obtained from evidentiary samples have been used effectively to obtain the initial information leading to the apprehension of culprits in Japanese criminal investigations. A simple ABO genotyping method using multiplex sequence-specific PCR and capillary electrophoresis was developed as a supplement to serological ABO typing. Limitations in predicting a phenotype based on genotype were evaluated using 1134 randomly selected Japanese peripheral blood samples. A concordance rate of 99.82% (1132/1134 samples) was found between genotypes and phenotypes defined as Groups A, B, AB, and O. Sequencing analysis revealed that one discrepant sample contained an O allele having a previously unreported point mutation at the primer binding site in exon 6, and another discrepant sample contained an O allele lacking the guanine deletion at nt 261 (the O301 allele). Therefore, the existence of such alleles must be given some consideration when predicting phenotype based on genotype.     

A novel method for ABO genotyping using a DNA chip

ABO genotyping is often performed to identify the blood type of decomposed samples, which is difficult to be determined by a serological test. In this study, we developed a simple method for ABO genotyping using a DNA chip. In this method, polymerase chain reaction-amplified and fluorescent-labeled fragments in the ABO gene and primate-specific D17Z1 were hybridized with DNA probes on a chip designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ABO gene and part of the D17Z1 sequence. Using blood samples from 42 volunteers and 10 animal species, we investigated whether the chip could be used to detect SNPs in the ABO gene and the D17Z1 sequence. This method was then applied to various forensic samples, and it was confirmed that this method was suitable for the simultaneous analyses of ABO genotyping and species identification. This method fulfills the recent need for the development of rapid and convenient methods for criminal investigations.     

ABO genotyping by duplex amplification and oligonucleotide arrays assay

Objective

Research on the application feasibility of ABO genotyping for forensic identification by oligonucleotide arrays assay.

Methods

Oligonucleotide microarrays which detect three different SNPs in exon 6 and exon 7 for ABO genotyping were used. After hybridization wash, the arrays were scanned and fluorescence intensities were analyzed using microarray population studies on ABO was carried out in a sample of 115 unrelated Chinese Han individuals oligonucleotide arrays for genotype detection. The method was also applied to cases.

Results

Technique could identify six genotypes of ABO system and the results of GeneChip analyses confirmed by PCR–RFLP. According to the results of population studies, no significant deviations Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium could be found. The observed heterozygosity (H-obs) was 0.591. Expected heterozygosity (H-exp) was 0.616. The polymorphic information content (PIC) was the average exclusion probability in paternity testing for duos (PE (1)) was 0.188. The average exclusion probability in paternity testing for trios (PE(2)) was 0.344. The discrimination power 0.777.

Conclusion

The data and case application demonstrated that ABO typing by oligonucleotide probe arrays was a useful technique for paternity testing and individual identification.     

Development and application of hydrogel oligonucleotide microchips for forensic-medical personal identification as illustrated by ABO locus

The article describes the method defining 5 alleles of ABO blood group typing system by molecular hybridization in hydrogel oligonucleotide microchip. The testing points were SNP variants in positions 261 and 297of exon 6 and in positions 646 and 657 of exon 7. Therefore, 5 ABO blood groups can be easily revealed: A, B, 0(1), 0(1v), 0(2). The method was tested on 10 DNA samples isolated from blood and saliva of unrelated individuals. The results were confirmed by sequencing of the identified allelic fragments. Estimation sensitivity was 25 pg of total DNA input. This technique is cost-effective and easy for use and, therefore, promising for forensic-medical personal identification.     

DNA芯片技术检测HLA-DRB1和ABO基因型

用DNA芯片技术检测HLA-DRB1-ABO基因型。根据HLA和ABO不同基因亚型的独特序列设计探针,制成分型芯片;待检测样品经PCR反应标记上荧光之后,与探针在芯片上进行杂交,通过对杂交产生的荧光信号值进行分析,确定样品DRB1位点和ABO位点的基因亚型。将这一方法应用于111份样本的HLA-DRB1-ABO基因分型并将部分样品进行基因测序。检测结果证明本实验研制的HLA-DR-ABO基因分型芯片可准确分辨出DRB1位点30个等位基因、ABO位点6种基因型。该方法分辨率高、特异性强、重复性好、操作简便,对比常规的PCR-SSP方法,HLA-DR-ABO基因芯片方法更为直观,并具有集成化优势,可以在一张芯片上同时检测HLA和ABO位点,并实现一张芯片多人份,不仅适用于法医学亲子鉴定和个体识别,亦可应用于移植配型、HLA相关疾病及人类遗传学研究。     

ABO genotyping by mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction

ABO blood groups were determined by the mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR). The products from two sets of PCR reactions using the same program for the nucleotides at positions 261 and 703 from cDNA at the ABO locus were used to distinguish A, B and O alleles. Two forward mutagenic allele-specific primers of different lengths for the ABO polymorphic site were paired with the same reverse primer in each PCR reaction. The 216 bp fragment of the PCR products for the 261th nucleotide was A or B allele-specific and the 195 bp fragment was O allele-specific. The 126 bp fragment of the PCR products for the 703th nucleotide was B allele-specific and the 106 bp fragment was A or O allele-specific. The ABO genotypes were determined by the intersection of the predicted alleles from these two PCR reactions. The PCR products were obtained using 10 ng of DNA in 50 μL of PCR reaction mixture, and electrophoresed in 4% agarose gel. In this study, 265 ABO-phenotype known samples (A: 31, B: 48, AB: 6 and O: 180) in Chinese were used. The results of ABO genotypes were AA: 1, AO: 30, BB: 2, BO: 46, AB: 6 and OO: 180. These results were confirmed by the PCR-RFLP ABO genotyping method. This technique is a simple, rapid, and reliable method for ABO genotyping.     

Evaluation of ABO and Lewis genotypes using primer extension preamplification

There are some difficulties with blood typing from ABO variant bloodstains and Lewis negative samples using serologic methods. In these samples, DNA analysis should be employed simultaneously to avoid errors in typing. Primer extension preamplification (PEP) produces copies of template DNA. The minimum quantity to examine nucleotide substitutions of ABO and Lewis genotypes by PCR ranged from 1 to 3 ng DNA. The PCR products with or without PEP treatment showed identical ABO and Lewis genotyping results. Performing both serologic and PCR testing served to crosscheck the ABO and Lewis grouping of such specimens. Errors in ABO and Lewis typing can be avoided as discrepancies are investigated further. The application of the PEP method to limited amounts of DNA samples for ABO and Lewis blood groupings is useful.