行政诉讼受案范围的基本逻辑与制度构想——以行政诉讼功能模式为分析框架

尽管新《行政诉讼法》一定程度上扩大了行政诉讼的受案范围,但是,本次修改明显带有"权宜之计"的嫌疑,缺乏深层次的理论基础,也必然带来司法实践中如何明确行政诉讼受案范围的困惑.因此,以主观公权利与客观法秩序为两条基本路径探讨行政诉讼受案范围的基本逻辑,具有理论与现实基础.在主观公权利救济模式下,一个行政行为是否纳入行政诉讼受案范围主要取决于一个最基本的逻辑,司法审查与被诉的行政行为之间的实质上的关联程度.在客观法秩序模式下,行政诉讼受案范围的基本逻辑,就是假定一切行政行为可以接受司法审查为原则,其最大化的结果就是被诉的行政行为与起诉人是否有利害关系无关,对行政行为是否遵守所有与行政行为相关的法律规范进行完全的司法审查.我国《行政诉讼法》应当立法明确双层结构的受案范围标准,假定行政行为可以审查标准,立法排除司法审查的例外范围.     

行政诉讼适格被告质疑与被告确定

行政诉讼适格被告质疑与被告确定韦武斌行政诉讼的核心是人民法院依法对行政机关实施的行政行为是否合法行使司法审查权。我国《行政诉讼法》是以客观行为作为标准来确定行政诉讼范围的，即只要属于法定范围内的具体行政行为（《行政诉讼法》限定为外部的关于人身权和财产...     

监狱管理行为的性质

我国行政诉讼法第五条规定:人民法院审理行政案件,对具体行政行为是否合法进行审查,表明行政诉讼审查的对象是具体行政行为。最高人民法院《关于执行行政诉讼法若干问题的解释》(以下简称《若干解释》)对行政诉讼受案范围作出进一步概括性和排除性规定,其第1条第(2)项规定:公安、国家安全等机关依照刑事诉讼法的明确授权实施的行为不属于人民法院行政诉讼的受案范围,即将上述行为界定为刑事司法行为,排除在行     

行政合同司法审查的理论依据

《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》第2条、第5条、第52条规定:“公民、法人或者其他组织认为行政机关和行政机关工作人员的具体行政行为侵犯其合法权益,有权依照本法向人民法院提起诉讼”,人民法院有权“对具体行政行为是否合法”依据“法律、行政法规和地方性法规”的规定“进行审查”。依据这些规定,我国的司法审查可以表述为:人民法院依法对具体行政行为的合法性进行审查的国家司法活动。这一概念包含下列四个因素:第一,行使司法审查权的主体是人民法院;第二,司法审查的对象是具体行政行为的合法性;第三,司法审查的依据是法律、行政法规及地…     

卫生行政执法监督初探

《行政诉讼法》实施后,卫生行政机关随时都可能成为被告而致使执法工作处于被动。因此,卫生行政执法监督作为卫生行政执法基础性、常规性工作,推动卫生行政执法的合法化、规范化和法制化建设日益显得重要。一、卫生行政执法监督的概念与特征1、概念广义的卫生行政执法监督是指国家机关、公民和社团组织对卫生行政机关及其工作人员在执行和遵守卫生法律等执法行为是否合法进行督促、监察及纠正的总称。狭义的是指卫生行政执法机     

我国行政法上的强制执行:行为、定性及立法归属——兼论《行政强制法》或《行政程序法》与《行政诉讼法》对现行行政强制执行行为在调整范围上的划分

以我国行政法规范和行政诉讼法为依据 ,可归结出现行行政法上的八种强制执行行为。这些执行行为所构成的执行制度显有繁杂、零乱、遗漏、矛盾之缺陷 ,而且出现了主体、行为、程序之间的不协调性 ,存有行政强制执行由司法机关实施 ,司法强制执行由行政机关实施之“错位”现象。行政强制执行是对具体行政行为的执行 ,应当由行政机关通过行政程序实施 ;司法强制执行是对司法裁判的执行 ,应当由人民法院通过司法程序实施。根据这一理想规则 ,应对各种执行行为进行改造和重新定位 ,并把其纳入行政程序法或行政诉讼法所调整的不同范围 ,从而为行政程序法的制定和行政诉讼法的修改确定适用范围上的调整方案     

坚持以人为本 完善法制建设 规范执法行为 推进司法行政机关依法行政水平不断提高——浅谈司法部机关10年行政诉讼工作

1989年4月，全国人大常委会颁布《行政诉讼法》，在我国建立了行政诉讼制度。行政诉讼作为我国三大诉讼制度之一，通过人民法院以审判方式对行政机关的行政执法活动进行司法监督，来规范和制约行政权力，促进行政机关及其工作人员依法行政。党的十七大报告提出，加强宪法和法律实施，推进依法行政。加强政法队伍建设，做到严格、公正文明执法。《行政诉讼法》的颁布实施，极大地促进了司法行政机关依法行政水平不断提高。     

对具体行政行为合法性审查的法律思考

《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》明确规定:“人民法院审理行政案件,对具体行政行为是否合法进行审查”.这就从立法上解决了行政审判的核心问题,即审查具体行政行为的合法性.     

依法审判中的“行政法规”——以《行政诉讼法》第52条第1句为分析对象

《行政诉讼法》第52条第1句规定:"人民法院审理行政案件,以法律和行政法规、地方性法规为依据。"流行于行政法学界和实务中的"法院审理行政案件依据法律、法规"之说就源于此处。何为"依据"?在《行政诉讼法》的立法原旨中我们没有看到特别说明。〔1〕在行政法学理上有一种较为权威的解释是,"审判依据,是指人民法院审理行政案件时,衡量具体行政行为是否合法的尺度。"〔2〕因《行政诉讼法》第53条的"参照规章"有"对不符合或不     

试述我国《行政诉讼法》第十一、十二条之重构

本文以我国《行政诉讼法》的立法目的为初衷,讨论了该法第十一条、第十二条有关行政诉讼受案范围的规定。作者特别分析了具体行政行为和抽象行政行为的分类,认为现有的法律规定和理论框架可能有所缺陷,建议予以重构:第一,建议不再使用具体行政行为和抽象行政行为而代之以法律行为和具体行为;第二,扩大司法审查权;第三,慎重对待那些排除司法审查的例外具体行为。     

Gender, sexuality, and HIV/AIDS: the what, the why, and the how

The focus of Geeta Rao Gupta's plenary presentation of 12 July 2000 at the XIII International AIDS Conference is on the what, why, and how of gender, sexuality, and HIV/AIDS. Dr Rao Gupta discusses the factors associated with women's vulnerability to HIV; and the ways in which unequal power balance in gender relations increases not only women's, but also men's, vulnerability to HIV-despite, or rather because of, their greater power. She then addresses the question of how one is to overcome the seemingly insurmountable barriers of gender and sexual inequality. How can we change the cultural norms that create damaging, even fatal, gender disparities and roles? According to Dr Rao Gupta, an important first step is to recognize, understand, and publicly discuss the ways in which the power imbalance in gender and sexuality fuels the epidemic. She provides examples of sensitive, transformative, and empowering approaches to gender and sexuality and concludes that, in the final analysis, reducing the imbalance in power between women and men requires policies that are designed to empower women--policies that aim to decrease the gender gap in education, improve women's access to economic resources, increase women's political participation, and protect women from violence.     

PTSD,Endophenotypes, the RDoC,and the DSM-5

The search for endophenotypes that stand between genetics and disease has been applied to the diagnostic entity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Advances are being made in understanding the pathway to disorder in PTSD in terms of brain regions, neuronal networks, stress-related systems (e.g., the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis), and their underlying genetic and neurogenetic bases. The latter are affected by gene–environmental interactions and epigenetic effects, and the environment and context reciprocally interrelate with them, as well. Therefore, a primary focus on (neuro)pathophysiological intermediates in the disease pathway, as appears emphasized in the research domain criteria (RDoC) approach to etiology of psychiatric disorder, and to which the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5) subscribes, might detract from a more inclusive biopsychosocial approach that would be more applicable in the case of PTSD. The paper undertakes a comprehensive review of the recent literature in the areas of endophenotypes, neurogenetics, epigenetics, neural networks, HPA axis, neuronal networks, pathways, the PTSD five-factor model, allostasis, and the RDoC criteria for psychiatric diagnosis, and then returns to the topic of endophenotypes. Neuronal networks constitute one integrating area that could help in arriving at an appropriate model of PTSD endophenotype. Pathway analysis provides a rich field for discerning individual differences in PTSD development, more so than the static approach of using DSM-5 symptom criteria. A model of endophenotypes is presented, which considers these factors in relation to PTSD. The paper concludes with implications for the DSM-5, for practice and for court, especially that it would be premature to seek individual biomarkers of PTSD given the current state of knowledge, even if it is burgeoning.     

The good, the bad, the ugly, and the Colombian peace plan

Among the many wars thatColombia is fighting, there are two that itis definitely losing – those forgovernment legitimacy and against poverty.Although the country has always shown anearly infinite capacity to turn itselfaround, its traditionally praised democracyshows fresh signs of erosion that lookalmost impossible to reverse. With solidinstitutions no longer standing, theguerrillas, the paramilitary, the corruptjustice system, and the drug producerscontinue to thrive like perennial weeds.Massacres, bombings, kidnappings and thedestruction of infrastructure continue toproduce a devastating effect on theColombian psyche. The good, the bad and theugly mix together in a pitiable realismbetween civil society and state. Theoutcome is poverty, dissatisfaction, andlack of legitimacy and hope.     

Doing,Allowing, and the State

The doing/allowing distinction plays an important role in our thinking about a number of legal issues, such as the need for criminal process protections, prohibitions on torture, the permissibility of the death penalty and so on. These are areas where, at least initially, there seem to be distinctions between harms that the state inflicts and harms that it merely allows. In this paper I will argue for the importance of the doing/allowing distinction as applied to state action. Sunstein, Holmes, Vermeule and others have presented influential arguments for the claim that where the state is concerned the doing/allowing distinction has no moral significance, even if it does elsewhere. I show that these arguments can be resisted. In doing so, I defend some important distinctions and principles that help us understand the state’s role in protecting people from harm.     

Immigration,Association, and the Family

In this paper I provide a philosophical analysis of family-based immigration. This type of immigration is of great importance, yet has received relatively little attention from philosophers and others doing normative work on immigration. As family-based immigration poses significant challenges for those seeking a comprehensive normative account of the limits of discretion that states should have in setting their own immigration policies, it is a topic that must be dealt with if we are to have a comprehensive account. In what follows I use the idea of freedom of association to show what is distinctive about family-based immigration and why it ought to have a privileged place in our discussion of the topic. I further show why this style of argument neither allows states to limit nearly all immigration nor requires them to have almost no limits on immigration. I conclude by showing that all states must allow some degree of family-based immigration, and that this is a duty owed not to ‘outsiders’ seeking to enter, but rather to current citizens.     

Judges,Conflict, and the Past

Drawing upon interviews with senior judicial figures in Northern Ireland, South Africa and elsewhere, this article considers the role of the judiciary in a political conflict. Using the socio‐legal literature on judicial performance and audience as well as transitional justice scholarship, the article argues that judges in Northern Ireland ‘performed’ to a number of ‘imagined’ audiences including Parliament, ‘the public', and their judicial peers – all of which shaped their view of the judicial role. In light of ongoing efforts to deal with the past in the jurisdiction, and the experiences of other transitional societies, the article argues that the judiciary can and should engage in a mature, reflexive and, where appropriate, self‐critical examination of the good and bad of their own institutional history during the conflict. It also argues that such a review of judicial performance requires an external audience in order to encourage the judiciary to see truth beyond the limits of legalism.