"冷战以来的朝鲜半岛问题国际学术会议"在上海举行

由复旦大学韩国研究中心和美国研究中心联合主办的"冷战以来的朝鲜半岛问题国际学术会议"于2001年1月13～14日在上海举行.     

布什政府的对朝政策及其影响

2001年6月6日美国总统布什发表声明宣布美国将恢复同朝鲜接触,这表明布什政府的对朝鲜政策正式出台.布什政府对朝政策构成美国全球战略调整的重要组成部分,它将对朝鲜半岛和东北亚地区形势产生重要影响.但因目前美国全球战略调整方向还不十分清晰,布什政府的对朝政策还会有许多调整空间.因而今后朝鲜半岛和东北亚局势将会经历一段不确定时期.     

南北峰会以来的朝鲜半岛局势

朝韩峰会后朝鲜半岛局势出现了以南北对话为主线的迹象,美国力图重执主导权,其对朝政策调整使南北对话进程受挫.朝美何时复谈,金正日何时访韩,成为近期影响朝鲜半岛局势的两大焦点.从长远观点看,围绕朝鲜半岛的"2+4"结构将在较长时期内依然存在和发挥作用.     

朴槿惠执政以来的南北关系

朴槿惠执政后相继出台"朝鲜半岛信任进程""德累斯顿构想"等对朝政策,对朝鲜采取了"施压·对话"双轨并行的策略,试图通过对话、人道主义支援,与朝鲜重新建立互信。这期间尽管朝韩双方均有改善关系的愿望,恢复了部分交流、经贸合作有所改善,但南北关系时紧时松,基本上处于"紧张状态"。朝鲜半岛问题错综复杂,半岛形势的发展与变化,南北关系的好坏,必将受到多种因素的制约。其中,美国因素、朝核问题、"天安舰事件"与"5·24措施"、人权问题等则是这一时期影响南北关系的主要因素。在朝鲜半岛特殊的政治环境下,多种因素的合力作用影响南北关系的走向。尽管朝鲜半岛涉及众多国家利益,需要多国努力共同解决,但最重要的是朝鲜半岛南北双方要有和解的意愿和改善关系的诚意。也就是说,朝鲜半岛形势变化的关键取决于两个当事国——朝鲜和韩国。2015年是朝鲜半岛光复70周年,也是朝鲜半岛分裂70周年,又恰逢《6·15共同宣言》发表15周年。朝韩双方在纪念《共同宣言》发表15周年的时候,均呼吁对方要履行达成的协议,进行对话、交流,为改善关系创造有利环境。既然朝韩双方均有交流合作的愿望,那么只要有诚意,南北关系就有望得到改善。     

并行的"独立万岁"与建立大韩民国临时政府运动——再论"三一运动"

1919年"三一运动"中朝鲜半岛人民群众的"独立万岁"运动与民族主义者争建临时政府的运动几乎并行发展,运动中出现的这两种潮流,严重影响着半岛人民争取独立斗争的走向和发展趋势,有深刻的历史教训."三一运动"爆发的历史背景、运动的展开过程及其性质、民众呼喊"独立万岁"的流血斗争中其指导者在国内外组建"临时政府"的情景,以及统合的大韩民国临时政府的历史定位显示,"三一运动"体现的时代精神是:朝鲜半岛,地不分南北,人不分老少、男女、信仰、阶层的全民族的团结、战斗精神.大韩民国临时政府的建立是朝鲜人民反日独立运动各派别共同奋斗的结果,标志着旧的以复辟君主制为目的的势力退出了历史舞台,民主共和思想(包括资产阶级自由民主主义、小资产阶级民族主义和社会主义)在朝鲜半岛取得了决定性胜利.     

"东亚合作论坛2007:变化中的东亚与美国"研讨会综述

随着全球化进程的深入发展,东亚地区局势正在发生变化。作为东亚区域外的美国,对东亚的战略也在不同程度地发生变化,与东亚的关系也将在一定程度发生微妙的变化。由中国人民大学国际关系学院东亚研究中心主办的第三届东亚合作论坛围绕“变化中的东亚和美国”这一主题于2007年11月10至11日在中国人民大学举行。来自中国、美国、日本、韩国、新加坡和蒙古等国近90余名专家学者与会,会议就“中国的和平发展与中美关系”、“日本的亚洲外交与日美关系”、“朝鲜半岛形势新变化与韩(朝)美关系”和“东亚区域一体化与美国”四大议题进行了深入探讨…     

美国战略调整背景下朝鲜半岛地缘战略困境的演变与突破

作为美国全球战略的重要一环,美国亚太再平衡战略引发东北亚地缘战略形势的陡然紧张,也使朝鲜半岛局势在一波三折中日趋扑朔迷离。围绕朝鲜第三次核试验出现的中美日俄韩朝的双边和多边博弈不断升温,朝鲜半岛无核化的传统安全与非传统安全风险相互交织。要突破朝鲜半岛地缘紧张加剧和战略困境加深的窘况,必须坚持多边框架解决原则、努力落实安全承诺和不断深化经贸合作。     

冷战后朝鲜半岛局势演变的基本特征

2008年以来的朝鲜半岛局势,为总结归纳冷战后20多年来朝鲜半岛局势演变的基本特征提供了重要的事实依据。冷战后朝鲜半岛局势,实为由六大类问题构成的所谓"朝鲜半岛问题"的综合性表现。其中,有关朝鲜半岛南北关系的问题,对于冷战后朝鲜半岛局势的演变具有首要的意义。朝鲜半岛南北双方和周边大国构成的国际关系系统具有内在的结构性联系。因而,这些国家周期性的国内政治变化和政策调整,以及对朝鲜半岛的长远战略目标和诉求,使得冷战后朝鲜半岛局势演变表现出周期性和连锁性特征。尽管2013年朝鲜进行了第三次核试验,但由于朝鲜半岛问题的基本内容没有发生根本变化,朝鲜半岛局势没有发生根本变化。未来两到三年内,冷战后朝鲜半岛局势演变的基本特征仍将继续显现。     

试论"9·11"事件对当前世界多极化进程的影响

冷战结束后,世界多极化与单极化的较量从来就没有停止过.但是"9·11"事件发生后,世界政治、经济形势急转直下."9·11"事件使得世人的目光集中到全球反恐怖主义上来,美国也大肆利用此次事件,乘机强化了其军事恫吓力量,积极推行各项单边主义政策."9·11"事件后,美国的霸权地位相对显得更加突出,美国谋求建立由它主宰的单极世界的步子将加快,单边主义政策更加一意孤行,世界多极化的发展受到了严重的挑战.     

俄罗斯对朝鲜半岛政策的调整

普京执政后,加大了发展同朝韩两国关系的力度;实施了南北"等距离"的外交政策;对南北和谈的态度趋于主动;并加强了与中国的合作.这必将对朝鲜半岛及东北亚地区形势的发展产生深远的影响.     

试论韩国朴槿惠政府的外交政策趋向与朝鲜半岛局势

韩国朴槿惠政府将在李明博政府实用主义外交的基础上,进一步调整韩国的外交政策,以韩关战略同盟关系为核心、进一步加强和充实中韩战略合作伙伴关系的内涵,并在推动朝鲜半岛和平进程方面,努力构建朝鲜半岛的南北信任程序,以改善朝鲜半岛南北关系。为解决朝鲜核问题等,朴槿惠政府还将强化韩美中三国在朝鲜半岛的战略合作,以进一步发挥韩国在中关两国和东北亚外交安保领域中的战略协调作用。朴槿惠政府时代,朝鲜半岛局势的发展,将取决于三大变量的博弈,即关朝关系、朝鲜半岛南北关系和中朝关系的变化。随着中关韩朝等半岛周边国家外交安保政策的调整,朝鲜半岛最终将走上和解与和平、合作的战略轨道。     

六方会谈重启的必然性及难点分析

自朝鲜退出六方会谈以来,朝鲜半岛局势日趋紧张。深入分析朝鲜半岛时局变化特征,找出半岛危机频发的根源,采取合理的应对措施极为重要。由于朝鲜半岛时局危机频发,作为多边对话机制的六方会谈的重要性越来越突出,其意义已经超出和平解决朝核问题本身,成为维护地区局势稳定的需要。鉴于六方会谈有关各国立场和实际努力,六方会谈重启只是时间问题,重新开启六方会谈也将有效推动朝韩、朝美关系改善。     

浅析奥巴马政府的对朝政策

在应对处理朝鲜半岛危机中,美国一直扮演着一个关键的角色。奥巴马上台后,朝鲜半岛危机出现了急剧的变化,这也让人们对奥巴马政府的对朝政策更加关注。实际上,在2009年春美国国务卿希拉里访问亚洲后,奥巴马政府的对朝政策就产生了很大的变化。朝鲜半岛不断升级的紧张局势,使得美国有机会重振其世界领袖的雄风,重新确立美日韩在东亚的铁三角同盟关系,并通过不断的联合军事演习对朝鲜施加了除军事动武以外的巨大压力,同时也侧面敲击和缓解了中国力量在亚太地区伸展的势头。奥巴马的外交理念是做一个实际的理想主义者和一个有理想的现实主义者,其对朝政策的核心策略就是软的更软,硬的更硬,以硬逼软。     

中国“韩国基督教”学术研究综述

中国的韩国学研究经历了20年的发展,取得了长足进步。但是国内韩国学研究多集中在对韩国经济、政治、朝鲜半岛局势等方面,对于韩国基督教的研究成果并不丰富。本文收集了国内现有50篇研究韩国基督教的论文,依据这些文献所阐述的中心命题之不同,将它们分为六个专题进行了梳理,分别是：韩国宗教现状、韩国基督教近现代传教史、东西文明的冲突、基督教与韩国近现代社会的变迁、韩国基督教的本色化进程、基督教与韩朝政治。通过综述这些研究文献,以期明晰韩国基督教研究的系统化理论思路。     

The China model of Korean reunification

Like Germany's reunification, essentially the annexation of East Germany by West Germany, Korean reunification looms as most likely, ultimately and largely entailing South Korea's annexation of North Korea. The awesome cost borne by West Germany for reunification has been instructive to South Korea, particularly in recognition that the material and ideological gaps between North and South Korea are far greater than those which existed between East and West Germany. A possible solution to the negative implications of cataclysmic reunificationmay rest in gradual reunification of the Koreas, with an interim industrialization of North Korea by South Korea, based on the model of the economic development zones in southeastern China; hence, the “China Model”. In such a scenario the investors in North Korea's gradual industrialization would be (primarily) the huge conglomerate South Korean corporations chaebol which seek cheaper labor pools abroad. Investment by such corporations, in cooperation with the South Korean government, and possibly supplemented by western and Japanese capital investment, would presumably raise levels of productivity and the standard of living in the economically and agriculturally ravished North. The North-South gaps would thus be gradually reduced as would the financial and other burdens South Korea would otherwise have to bear for cataclysmic reunification.     

甲午启示录——朝鲜半岛篇

1894年甲午战争爆发后,朝鲜在摆脱与清王朝之间藩属关系的同时又陷入了日本侵略势力的魔掌。随着世界反法西斯战争的胜利,朝鲜终于挣脱了日本的殖民枷锁,获得了独立自主。然而,1954年日内瓦会议关于朝鲜问题的讨论无果而终,无情地宣告朝鲜半岛又进入了南北分治时代。当新的甲午年来临之际,回顾前两个甲午年朝鲜半岛的历史,总结其经验教训,将会为我们客观认识和妥善处理当前朝鲜半岛问题,避免历史悲剧的重演,提供一些有益的启示。     

Anand Patwardhan: Social Activist and Dedicated Filmmaker

In this essay—an earlier version of which was delivered as a lecture at a session cosponsored by Critical Asian Studies and the Alliance of Scholars Concerned about Korea (ASCK) at the annual conference of the Association for Asian Studies, San Diego, California, on 23 March 2013—the author argues the need to go beyond the current state of perilous confrontation and volatility on the Korean Peninsula and examine how and why the current division of the peninsula into North and South has evolved into a “division system.” The author contends that “civic participation” (broadly defined to include business entrepreneurs, corporations, NGOs, and private citizens) is necessary to deal with the durable enormity of the division system. He calls this body of nonstate actors the “third party” (the first two parties being those of North and South Korea). Going beyond strictly Korean affairs, this third party, the author concludes, can play a crucial role in creating a larger framework of East Asian cooperation and solidary.     

Future dynamics in Sino-Korea relations

This article argues that the basic interests of the major actors involved in the Korean problem converge on the cross-recognition and “two Koreas” formula. Seoul’s diplomatic normalization with Moscow, and North Korea’s ongoing negotiations with Tokyo, testify to this trend. Because of its sensitivity to North Korea’s dilemma and carefully measured policy, China has succeeded in sustaining North Korea’s trust while improving its ties with South Korea. Shaken by the changes in the international system and threatened by the rapidly growing economic capability of the South, North Korea’s overall foreign policy objective is shifting from unifocation to accepting the existing status quo, a movement toward a direction that China has been advising. A mostly likely breakthrough to the stalemate in Korea will come from the Pyongyang-Tokyo bilateral relations. Ironically, when the South feels more confident than ever before about the possibility of unification under its terms, the rest of world is moving toward the cross recognition it has advocated. Whether the two Koreas with over-lapping diplomatic relations with all four major powers surrounding the peninsula will be able to achieve the unification that all Korean people desire will largely depend on how the regimes manage inter-Korean relations in coming years.     

US Foreign Policy and the Korean War

Abstract

Sometimes called the “Forgotten War” because Americans pay so little attention to it, the Korean War was nevertheless a pivotal event in US foreign policy. Three themes will be integrated into this article as it analyzes Korean War policy. First, the Korean War heightened the debates and divisions among US foreign policymakers. If Japan’s 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor helped to silence these divisions, then President Truman’s handling of North Korea’s 1950 invasion of South Korea helped resurrect them. Second, while foreign policy goals are generally assumed to drive the objectives of war in the classic Clausewitzian sense, the opposite frequently occurred in Korea as changes on the battlefield drove policy objectives of officials in Washington. Third, although the Americans, Chinese and Soviets all worked assiduously to keep the Korean War limited to the Korean Peninsula, the war had repercussions far beyond the Korean battlefield. Its ramifications were felt in Taiwan, Vietnam, Europe and in US defense expenditures as well.     

Security,Nationalism and Popular Culture: Screening South Korea’s Uneasy Identity in the Early 2000s

By examining the cultural representations of the South Korean notion of the Self/Other in relation to its major traditional enemy — North Korea — this article aims to capture a picture of South Korea’s discursive economy of the North, and to problematise the South Korean identities implicated in that economy in the early 2000s. To achieve these aims, this article focuses on representations of a successful popular South Korean film which was released in 2000, just a few months after the first inter-Korean summit: Joint Security Area JSA. By analytically reading JSA, it is revealed that, in South Korea, the traditional discursive practices based on the Cold War thinking have been eroded. For the South, the North is part of the Self (Korean-ness; love for the North as the same nation) and, at the same time, is an Other (South Korean-ness; contempt for the North as an inferior state). Related to this, South Korea appears to be the uneasy Self without a firm Other in between Korean-ness and South Korean-ness.