当代英国绩效评估：趋势与启示

英国是世界上最早进行绩效评估实践的国家之一,绩效评估在英国已经得到了长足的发展。综观英国的绩效评估,体现了这样的发展趋势：评估所依据的价值取向多维化;评估的实施制度化;评估的主体多元化与精简化共存;评估指标体系的精简化和强操作性。深入思考英国政府绩效评估的实践,对于推动我国政府绩效评估具有重要意义。     

高校科研绩效评价新方法之综述

高校科研绩效评价作为高校科研管理的重要内容,评价方法的科学与否不仅直接关系到科研激励政策的公正性,而且还会影响到整个学校科研导向的正确与否,因此建立科学合理的科研绩效评价方法是高校科研管理部门工作的重点。就科研绩效评价新的方法,如层次分析法、灰色决策评价法和模糊综合评价法等,基本原理、优缺点和适用范围进行了梳理和评述,以其能对提高高校的科研效率及科研水平具有积极意义。     

对高校科研档案归档工作存在问题的分析与对策

高校科研档案是高校档案的重要组成部分,在学科建设、教学和科研中的重要地位和功能日显突出。高校因其在自身发展中的诸多原因,对科研档案的认识和管理水平滞后。针对高校科研档案归档工作中存在的问题,提出了加强高校科研档案归档工作的有效对策。     

教学与科研关系初探

本文从教学促进科研,科研提升教学的具体表现,分析了高校教学与科研之间的关系。认为高校通过内部体制改革,以政策、制度等管理手段加以保证,实现教学与科研的互动,必然会取得双赢的效果,达到互相推进目的。     

高校科研档案管理模式创新研究

高校应当创新科研档案的管理模式,建立高校科研档案的统一管理制度,高校科研与建档工作可实行四同步管理,针对高校科研档案管理利用工作中的实际情况,运用数字化的服务方式,建立科研档案信息资源库,积极开展科研档案的编研工作,建立科研档案服务信息反馈机制。     

试论高校教学和科研的国际化基本途径

高校教学和科研国际化是世界高等教育发展的几个主要趋势之一,是当前高校教育面临的重要课题。高校教学和科研国际化是世界各国之间科技、学术、文化、思想等进行交流与合作的重要过程,高校教学和科研国际化是促进高校自身发展的重要因素,高校教学和科研国际化是区域教育国际化的必然要求。试图从研究高校教学和科研国际化的意义以及高校教学和科研国际化存在的问题中探索出高校教学和科研国际化的基本途径。     

高校中教学与科研的现状、原因探析

教学和科研是所有高校都具备的两大职能。近年来,在对教学和科研关系的认识上存在着误区,认为教学与科研之间是相互矛盾的,一种观点认为,应以教学为中心,重教学轻科研。另一种观点认为,应以科研为第一,重科研轻教学。这两种观点都只强调了教学与科研单方面的功能,没有看到两者之间的联系。正确认识和处理教学和科研的关系,用教学促进科研,用科研反哺教学,是高校良性发展和教师自身水平提高的关键。     

青年教师协调教学与科研关系之浅见

作为高校中的主要力量和重要支柱,如何实现教学和科研双赢已成为青年教师面临的最大挑战和重要问题。概述了教学和科研二者关系的演进历程,并分析了当前青年教师教学与科研工作的现状,在此基础上,提出了协调教学与科研关系,促进高校青年教师发展的途径和方法。     

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金管理探讨

财政部、教育部从2008年起设立"中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金",对于支持校青年教师和具有较强科研潜质的在校学生开展自主选题科学研究工作发挥了积极的推动作用。分析了基本科研业务费的背景、特点、意义,并就规范基本科研业务费的管理提出了建议方案。     

浅析高校二级学院科研秘书应具备的业务素质

高校二级学院科研秘书是科研管理团队中的基层成员,是科研体系中不可缺少的一环。其不仅是科研管理工作的具体执行人员,也是各项管理活动的组织人员。以高校二级学院为视角,阐述科研秘书更好地服务高校科研建设所应具备的业务素质。     

Metrics or Peer Review? Evaluating the 2001 UK Research Assessment Exercise in Political Science

Evaluations of research quality in universities are now widely used in the advanced economies. The UK's Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) is the most highly developed of these research evaluations. This article uses the results from the 2001 RAE in political science to assess the utility of citations as a measure of outcome, relative to other possible indicators. The data come from the 4,400 submissions to the RAE political science panel. The 28,128 citations analysed relate not only to journal articles, but to all submitted publications – including authored and edited books and book chapters. The results show that citations are the most important predictor of the RAE outcome, followed by whether or not a department had a representative on the RAE panel. The results highlight the need to develop robust quantitative indicators to evaluate research quality which would obviate the need for a peer evaluation based on a large committee. Bibliometrics should form the main component of such a portfolio of quantitative indicators.     

Political Science: A Look at the Discipline from a Postgraduate Perspective

Research has become increasingly important within social science since the introduction of the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE). The RAE has served to simultaneously focus the attention of academic institutions upon research output and emphasise the obvious penalties of poor performance in this area in terms of potentially lower academic status, lower income and lower student numbers. Academic institutions have, therefore, begun to pay an increasing amount of attention to postgraduate research and the needs of postgraduates. This article questions the extent to which institutions are actually meeting these needs and reviews the extent to which institutions reap the potential benefits that employment of postgraduates can bring.     

Nurturing knowledge: the UK Higher Education Links scheme

This article examines the development of academic networks and expertise through the UK Higher Education Links scheme, which is funded by the UK Department for International Development, managed by the British Council and supported by the principals of UK higher education institutions. The links are established between UK and overseas universities primarily to enhance research and/or teaching capacity, with the ultimate aim of alleviating poverty and promoting sustainable development. This article draws on data gathered for a large‐scale, multiple‐method evaluation which endorsed the scheme's continuation. It is argued that a crucial factor helping to make individual links a success was good relationships between respective co‐ordinators, although the nature of these relationships varied. The article discusses the extent to which the formation of fruitful academic networks and partnerships enabling knowledge transfer were encouraged. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effectiveness of private finance initiatives (PFI): study of private financing for the provision of capital assets for schools

The study reported in this paper explores how effective Public Private Partnerships (PPP) have been as critical providers of capital assets within the state education sector in the UK. Specifically, the research investigates the impact on educational provision of the UK government's contentious £43 billion Private Finance Initiative (PFI). The inquiry focuses on 27 English Local Education Authorities (LEAs) currently or recently involved in PFI. The investigation examines the effect of PFI's on LEA decision‐making processes and discusses these authorities assessment of the UK government's current PFI strategy. An evaluation of PFI as a source of sustainable finance is reported as well as recommendations made for LEAs currently considering adoption of PFI. Through such analysis, this study seeks to de‐layer and ascertain the influence of complex external environmental influences and stakeholders that need to be taken into account in order to make PPPs work. The paper concludes by presenting the critical considerations for enhancing the working relationship between private and public sector partners. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Making of Empirical Political Science in the UK: Jean Blondel,David Butler and Peter Pulzer

During the winter of 2022–3, three of the most influential individuals in the development of empirical political science in Europe, died. All had been active in research between at least the early 1960s and the present century. David Butler had pioneered, especially, the study of electoral behaviour and particularly in the UK. Jean Blondel had founded the outstanding Department of Government at Essex University and he was one of the principal academics responsible for the creation and subsequent flourishing of the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR). Peter Pulzer not only published important comparative work on European politics, but he also supervised doctoral theses on topics beyond Europe's own borders. This essay discusses their respective roles and contributions in the founding of a discipline that was only newly forming when they started their own research during the 1950s.     

Universities and the market for intellectual property in the life sciences

The realms of science and technology in the life sciences are converging through the commercialization of university research. Major changes in the mandate of research universities were facilitated by both federal legislation that has promoted technology transfer, and the increased reliance of business firms on university research and development (R&D). This article discusses the primary factors that are blurring the division of labor between industry and academia in the life sciences, and analyzes the consequences for universities of treating knowledge as intellectual property. Universities’ efforts to enhance the commercial value of life sciences research is causing increased politicization of government research funding, a growing winner-take-all contest between the “have” and “have-not” universities, and subtle but potentially profound changes in the culture of academic research.     

The many uses of regulatory impact assessment: A meta‐analysis of EU and UK cases

Research on regulation has crossed paths with the literature on policy instruments, showing that regulatory policy instruments contain cognitive and normative beliefs about policy. Thus, their usage stacks the deck in favor of one type of actor or one type of regulatory solution. In this article, we challenge the assumption that there is a predetermined relationship between ideas, regulatory policy instruments, and outcomes. We argue that different combinations of conditions lead to different outcomes, depending on how actors use the instrument. Empirically, we analyze 31 EU and UK case studies of regulatory impact assessment (RIA) – a regulatory policy instrument that has been pivotal in the so‐called better regulation movement. We distinguish four main usages of RIA, that is, political, instrumental, communicative, and perfunctory. We find that in our sample instrumental usage is not so rare and that the contrast between communicative and political usages is less stark than is commonly thought. In terms of policy recommendations, our analysis suggests that there may be different paths to desirable outcomes. Policymakers should therefore explore different combinations of conditions leading to the usages they deem desirable rather than arguing for a fixed menu of variables.     

Comparative Journal Ratings: A Survey Report

The expert survey and bibliometric methods of assessing the quality of work in political science are complementary. This project builds on previous surveys of academic political science journals conducted among US political scientists. The current wave extends the survey to political scientists in Canada and the UK. Preliminary results suggest both similarities and differences across the three countries. These results matter for policy debate in any country that is considering channelling flows of funds to universities in proportion to the quality of their research, and in helping to supply objective evidence about the research quality of work submitted by candidates for academic appointments and promotions.     

An exploration of the application of universities as artificial institutional entrepreneurs: The case of China

Universities worldwide have increasingly been encouraged to incubate and create business enterprises in order to fulfil national and regional economic development objectives via rapid research commercialization, technology transfer, and open innovation. The definitions of university-level entrepreneurship appear to be controversial in the extant literature, with special reference to government–university–industry partnerships under the overarching theoretical framework of institutional entrepreneurship. No longer do universities act only as agents for knowledge transmission and diffusion but also as business enterprises to help change formal institutional arrangements to meet evolving economic and social demands and to graft the entrepreneurial paradigm into academic culture and structures. As a transitional economy, have China's universities also acted as institutional entrepreneurs for change? In this paper, we address this research question by exploring the nature of government–university–industry links and the application of “institutional entrepreneurship” to Chinese universities. We use a case analysis of the Industry Technology Research Institute of Geo-Resources and Environment Co. Ltd. established by the China University of Geosciences to support our argument that Chinese universities are artificial institutional entrepreneurs. As a result of our analysis, we identified several success factors and constraints on universities as institutional entrepreneurs in the context of China.     

刑法案例教学评估体系实证研究

通过对华中科技大学、武汉大学、湖南大学3所大学法学院300份实地案例教学的问卷调查，对本科刑法案例教学评估体系在整个学校评估体系中的定位加以分析。然后对构建本科刑法案例教学评估体系的5个重要指标加以论述，指出应当根据刑法案例教学的特点和需要，适当地调整评估指标和权重，从而更好地促进和完善本科刑法案例教学工作。