人工智能技术的伦理问题及其对策研究

人工智能具有便捷性、高效性,随着人工智能技术的不断更新发展,一方面,它已经深入我们生产生活的诸多领域,改变着社会的面貌和人们的思想行为;另一方面,在给人们带来巨大便利的同时,人工智能带来的伦理问题也随着出现-人权伦理问题、责任伦理问题、道德地位伦理问题和环境伦理问题等。因此我们要从技术层面,制度层面,人类自身层面来规范人工智能的发展。     

“仁”之内涵及其当代教育价值

社会的和谐稳定不仅需要制度保障,同时也需要伦理支撑。孔子从历史传统、血缘关系和生活中情理这三个向度出发,构建了以"仁"为核心的伦理体系。仁学这一伦理体系把伦理规范与人的心理欲求融为一体,形成了一个具有实践性格而不待外求的道德模式,起着协调和规范人们社会生活的作用。深入分析和汲取孔子"仁"的思想内涵,对于弥补现代社会极端的个人主义盛行、私欲膨胀等所造成的道德落寞有重要价值。     

全球传染病呈上升趋势

在人类历史上,传染病给人们造成过巨大损害和灾难。人类在与传染病的长期斗争中,不断地取得经验和胜利。抗生素、针对某些传染病的疫苗和化学杀虫剂的出现和成功应用,使一些传染病的发病率大幅度下降,少数传染病被消灭或接近有灭(如天花和脊髓灰质炎);加之人们生产和生活条件的不断改善,使不少有利于传染病发生的因素得以改变,从而也减少了一些传染病的发生。在这种令人振奋的形势下,人们开始乐观地认为,人类最终完全控制以致消灭传染病的时代已经到来。然而,实践证明,这不过是人类的一个美好愿望,由此而采取的减少在传染病防治和研究方面的投入的措施,也使人类付出了极大的代价。今天,人们实际上生活在一个许多已被控制的传染病重新回升、新的传染病不断出现的时代。人类面临着传染病和非传染病的双重挑战。     

班主任工作中应协调的人际关系

"人际关系"一词由于社会中的一些不良现象在近年来出现了一些贬义性的演变,这里且不论其变化.人具有自然和社会的双重属性,人必须要生活在社会中,人际关系是所有人都必须要面对的一个实际问题.如果是一个人离群索居或是清高孤傲,那么人际关系或许显得不是那么重要.     

人文化解价值危机

中华传统人文精神,归根结底是满足人的需要和精神追求方立天教授已过"从心所欲不逾矩"之年,但对时下的"欲"与"矩"感到不安。物质生活提升,精神生活下降;科学知识增多,道德素养欠缺;传统精华毁坏不少,新的共识尚待重建……方教授认为,这是一种价值危机,成为当今人类进步的重大障碍,也是人类社会诸多问题的根源之一。     

旅游消费的伦理维度及其实现路径

当前,我国旅游业处于快速发展时期,旅游成为人们的一种生活方式和时尚,也是一种消费行为。建构科学的旅游消费伦理是和谐旅游的题中应有之义,也是旅游终极目的的价值选择。因此,从人文、生态、可持续、理性等维度建构旅游消费伦理,不仅是旅游消费伦理的要求,也是和谐的旅游消费伦理的实现途径。     

儒家忠恕伦理的当代拓展

相较于西方主客对立、"我"与"非我"相互隔阂的文化传统,儒家推己及人的忠恕伦理,提倡我与"非我"良性互动、相生相成,曾被视为挽救西方自我中心困境的"伦理金律"。随着时代的发展,人类社会实践活动愈益呈现全方位生生互动的现实趋向,单一的推己及人方式已不能满足人与自身、人与人、人与自然、人与社会全面而深刻的有效互动的需要。因此,在新的时代实践平台上,拓展推己及人所蕴含的良性互动理念,整合儒家"推己及人"、道家"以鸟养鸟"、墨家"为彼犹为己"的传统资源,实现忠恕伦理的全方位拓展,已成为现实的必需。     

儒家“仁”之伦理不同于关怀伦理——从“仁”和“礼”的关系来解释

儒家伦理学中关于"仁"的概念既是中国传统文化中的重要内容,又一贯是学界所关注的传统论题。有学者认为,儒家伦理的"仁"伦理和关怀伦理在某种程度上具有可通约性,即这两种理论被认为能够出现兼容的可能。然而,儒家伦理并不仅仅囿于关怀的层面,它同时也表达了对于"礼"作为秩序约束效用的需要。因而,重新厘清儒家伦理学说中"仁"与"礼"的关系,明确儒家伦理的核心内容,认识儒家伦理和关怀伦理的本质区别,还原儒家伦理中"仁"的本来面貌,对于我们继承与发扬儒家传统思想具有重要意义。     

地球上未被人类征服的地方

人类似乎已征服了整个地球.但地球上还有未受人类影响的地方吗?值得庆幸的是,现在我们仍能找到这样的地方.可是,再过许多年,这些"最后的地方"还会存在吗? 最后一块探险者没有到过的地方 如果你认为在地球上已没有人类没到过的地方了,那么你错了.地球上还有很多高峰人类没有爬上过.     

略论传统行政伦理的现代转化

中国传统社会是一个以“德治为本”的社会,传统文化中包含着光辉的行政伦理思想和丰富的行政伦理实践,其作为一种道德资源在现代公共行政管理中仍有其重要的价值。但是随着市场经济的发展,这些传统的行政伦理思想不能满足现代民主政治和公共行政的要求,需要对之进行现代的诠释和整合,促进其现代转化,方能成为现代公共行政的基石。具体来说应该从伦理精神、伦理生活和伦理制度等三个层面来探讨传统行政伦理的现代转化。     

The consents of The Calculus

I study a game where two agents bargain on an agreement to replace the status quo. For their agreement to come into effect, they need the approval of a third agent. The preferences of this third agent is private information, but there is communication among agents. I study this game in the context of international agreements to provide an explanation for involuntary ratification failures. I show that under certain assumptions, the informational deficiency is incurable due to incentives to misrepresent preferences, and that a parliament whose majority is more hawkish than their executive prefers the executive to be risk averse.     

The Significance of The Administrative State

To mark the 60th anniversary of the appearance of The Administrative State by reexamining the politics–administration debate is confining and ignores Waldo's grand enterprise to describe the unique context in which American public administration emerged and developed. Instead of bemoaning or strategizing the reconciliation of a supposed schism, modern scholars should appreciate what is, in fact, a natural and necessary tension.     

论第四个货币时代的到来

纸币制度推动了人类社会商品经济飞速发展,但纸币制度存在严重缺陷,带来了多种形态的经济危机,纸币制度还不是人类终极的货币制度。 电子货币时代正在向我们走来。尽管今天的电子货币还只是作为纸币的代用物形式出现,就像历史上纸币一开始也曾以金属货币代用物形式出现一样,最终电子货币会     

The report of The International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur: The question of genocide

The crisis in Darfur (Sudan), which sparked in February 2003, only caught the United Nations’ attention in Spring 2004. Questions emerged as to whether the conflict between the rebels and the government was simply insurgency warfare or, in fact, concealed a genocide carried out by the Arab, Muslim-led government against the Animist and Christian-African population. The issue became so divisive that the Security Council requested the creation of an investigation team, the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur, which amongst other tasks had to examine whether genocide had taken place. This article analyzes the facts as well as the legal reasoning that guided the International Commission of Inquiry in drawing the conclusion that a governmental policy to commit genocide had not been formed.     

《有闲阶级论》的理论成就

凡勃伦的《有闲阶级论》是现代消费社会学的开山之作,至今仍是这一领域最值得认真阅读的著作。本文试从三个方面讨论这本经典著作,其一,《有闲阶级论》并非如其表面那样容易阅读,及其理由何在?其二,《有闲阶级论》一书包含三个上下连贯的组成部分:凡勃伦的社会哲学和方法论(一般理论);关于有闲阶级的系统理论;对有闲阶级现象的系统观察;其三,从分析社会学的理论视角看《有闲阶级论》的理论得失。     

白寿彝先生的民族关系史观浅论

白寿彝先生是我国当代著名的民族史史学家。在民族关系史研究中,白寿彝先生强调注重民族团结、民族协作、汉族的主体性等在民族关系发展中的地位与作用等,极大的促进了我国的民族关系史史学理论的进步与发展。     

The Policy Sciences: The Challenge of Complexity

This essay reviews some of the recent criticisms of positivist science. It interprets this criticism, more generally, as directed towards the complexity of social science phenomena and the difficulty of dealing with complexity epistemologically and methodologically. Rather than ignoring complexity, changing the subject matter or explaining it away, we argue that complexity may be acknowledged and studied systematically withn the context of post-positivist approaches. The essay than proposes several strategies for conceptualizing and researching complexity (at a "meta-level" from substantive policy research) that are based in systems theory.     

The Process of Government and The Governmental Process

This review finds little utility in Bentley's famous The Process of Government . It is asserted that his book is cited as a primary source of interest group writing, but in fact, the review argues, that this prominence is given mainly by those who want to criticise the interest group orientation. Critics commonly misinterpret the group approach as meaning that policy is the outcome of an interest group struggle: such critics seem to find in Bentley that banal and easily discredited position. The review argues that in fact Bentley's stress on group conflict was anything but coincident with interest group conflict. The charge is unfair on Bentley as it grotesquely simplifies his position and is unfair on the general interest group approach because that perspective is not adequately summarised by a distortion of Bentley. In contrast Truman's The Governmental Process is commended as raising issues that are strikingly contemporary.