浅析当前青少年犯罪问题

随着社会的不断发展,当前青少年犯罪的特点和原因出现了一系列的新变化。从犯罪类型看,主要 为财产犯罪,表现为抢劫和盗窃;从犯罪方式上看,团伙犯罪严重,并且出现专业化方向发展的趋势;从犯罪手段来 看,青少年犯罪日趋成年化、智能化。     

The international conference on research and teaching related to women: Report of the coordinator

Between July and August 4, 1982, 350 women from 71 countries met in Montreal at Concordia University for the first International Conference on Research and Teaching Related to Women. These meetings provided a unique opportunity for educators and investigators to make contact with their colleagues, gain insights from the experience of others and lay the foundation for future exchanges. They also helped to legitimize this new field of activity world-wide.In the course of the encounters suggestions and observations were also made on new methods of teaching, new approaches to research, and on objectives and strategies. It was a first, in that never before had such a large number of practitioners from so many different countries assembled to discuss research and teaching related to women.The following is the coordinator's report, a non-specialist herself in either teaching or research on women, but an internationalist and a feminist who strongly believes in the need for women to communicate, to pool resources, to network at all levels.The Montreal Conference was seen as a further building block on the foundation which had been laid in 1980 in Copenhagen to bring researchers and educators together. It helped to strengthen existing associations and to encourage the establishment of new associations where none existed.     

Sex differences within the family: Studies of adolescent and parent family interactions

Sex differences in verbal family interactions were investigated in a group of 79 adolescents and parents from normal and psychiatric settings. The analyses were designed to study these differences in both generations, parent and adolescent. Parent and adolescent interactions with one another were observed in a semistructured, revealed-differences family discussion. All of the individual speeches were then scored with our Constraining and Enabling Coding System (CECS). Initial predictions involved both adolescent and parent differences. These hypotheses were only partially confirmed. The strongest findings pertained to parent sex differences, as we found strikingly higher levels of cognitive enabling speeches expressed by fathers and significantly more speeches addressed to fathers. We discuss several alternative interpretations of these findings. Perspectives included in our considerations are direction of effect and influences of task/context upon the expression of family sex differences.This study was supported through a grant from the National Institute of Child and Human Development (NICHD Grant No. R01 HD18684-02) and a Research Scientist Development Award No. 5 K-02-MH-70178 (Dr. Hauser) from the NIMH.Received M.D. from Yale University and Ph.D. from Harvard University (psychology). Currently studying family contexts of adolescent development.Received B.A. from Michigan University. Currently graduate student in organizational behavior, Northwestern University. Current interests are women and work.Received his Ph.D. from Boston University. Research interests are in methodology and statistics.Henry A. Murray Research Center of Radcliffe College. Received Ed. D. from Harvard University (School of Education). Currently studying family coping processes in response to stressful events.Received Ph.D. from Ohio State University (psychology). Current interests in assessing ego development and family systems.Parent-Place, Judge Baker Guidance Center. Received Ph.D. from the University of Miami (clinical psychology). Research interests are in family studies and adolescent development.Received M.D. from the University of Chicago. Currently studying psychological consequences of diabetes mellitus.the Children's Unit of McLean Hospital. Received Diploma Psych. from Freie Universitat, Berlin (clinical psychology), and Ed.D. from Harvard University (School of Education). Currently studying relationships between psychopathology and development among adolescent psychiatric patients.     

家庭暴力概念的法理辨析

家庭暴力现象由来已久,我国对家庭暴力问题进行专门立法不过是最近两年的事情。最高人民法院 对新《婚姻法》作出的司法解释明确规定“家庭暴力”是“行为人以殴打、捆绑、残害、强行限制人身自由或者其他手 段.给家庭成员造成一定伤害后果的行为”。要正确适用这一司法解释,必须准确界定家庭暴力的概念。     

当前机关干部精神状况的思考

针对目前机关干部发扬和实践江泽民同志提出的“五种精神”状况 ,我们作了专题调查。通过对调查结果的分析 ,对于我们贯彻落实十五届六中全会精神 ,切实加强和改进党的作风建设具有借鉴意义。     

Kibbutz youth: Recent past and present

The article deals with the changes that have taken place in the kibbutz in recent years, particularly with regard to the family and the social and educational context in which the adolescent lives. These changes, specifically those related to the closer interdependence between parents and children at the expense of the former community predominance, have created a state of transition, with the need for new definition of the spheres of mutual influence of the community, the family, and the individual. Characteristic adolescent problems show distinct differences according to family context, while periodic intergroup youth differences are related to the specific kibbutz sociocultural circumstances in which the adolescent grows up.He specializes in family therapy, particularly in the complex mental health issues that are related to the kibbutz population of all ages. To date, he has published—together with his associates—over 150 articles in professional journals and books dealing with family therapy and with the characteristics of psychiatric problems within the kibbutz context.     

美国华人餐饮业今昔谈

美国的华人餐饮业是随着19世纪中叶华人去往美国而在大洋彼岸落地、生根、发芽的。一百多年来,蕴藏着中国独特而又丰富饮食文化的华人餐饮不仅成为美国华人生存和生活的一部分,而且也成为海外华人的命脉。美国的华人餐饮业形式多种多样,主要包括茶楼和咖啡馆、外卖店、中高档餐馆和连锁经营店。华人餐饮业已成为美国饮食文化中不可缺少的一部分。     

Effects of marital conflict and family structure on the self-concepts of pre- and early adolescents

This study explored the effects of marital conflict and family structure on the self-concepts of youth aged 8–12. Subjects were 16 mother-youth pairs from intact parent families (IP) and 17 mother-youth pairs from separated parent families (SP). Results revealed youth in families with low marital hostility and high marital affection had significantly more positive self-concepts. Analyses suggested differences between IP and SP groups may best be explained by differences in marital hostility. The authors discuss the effects of marital discord on parenting within an ecosystems perspective.This study received partial support from the Indiana University School of Nursing Alumni Association and Sigma Theta Tau, Alpha Chapter.Research interests: children's social networks, marital structure, and parenting.Research interests: chronic illness in children.     

Investigating the age effects of family structure on adolescent Marijuana use

This study examines differences among older and younger adolescents in the influence of family structure, family relations, and peer relations on marijuana use. Data from a longitudinal sample of adolescents from the United States were stratified by age and used to assess these potential differences. Precise measures of family structure were constructed to account for the various manifestations of family forms. Multivariate analyses indicate that a recent divorce attenuates attachment among younger adolescents and leads to less family involvement among older adolescents. Moreover, older adolescents from stepparent families are less attached to their families. Changes in these family relationship variables influence associations with drug using peers, but these processes differ for the two age groups. Finally, less family involvement and greater drug using peer associations lead to greater marijuana use among younger adolescents, while only peer associations directly affect use among older adolescents.This research was partially funded by a Faculty Research Grant provided by the University of North Carolina—Charlotte. The data used in this paper were made available by the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. The data for the National Youth Survey, 1976 to 1978 (Waves 1–3), were originally collected by Delbert Elliott and colleagues at the Institute of Behavioral Science. Neither the collectors of the original data nor the consortium bear any responsibility for the analyses or interpretations presented here.Received Ph.D. from the State University of New York at Albany. Current research interests include adolescent drug use, social-psychological determinants of violence, and behavioral aspects of HIV transmission.     

青少年的家庭角色与责任——对广州市青少年的实证研究

本研究通过对广州布14至16岁的550名青少年的抽样调查,了解他们与父母的关系,父母的管教方式,以及他们在家庭中享有的权利和对家庭的责任心.研究结果表明,大多数青少年是满意自己与父母的关系的, 也获得父母的尊重和爱护,但他们认为父母对自己管得太严,三成的青少年认为自己在家里没有"决定权",父母的管教方式需要改进.研究亦显示,青少年在关心、体贴父母方面做得不够,部分青少年缺乏责任心.