民工犯罪的特点及原因分析

随着我国工业化和城市化的发展,民工大量涌入城市,民工犯罪问题成为困扰社会的问题之一。本文在占有大量数据的基础上总结了民工犯罪的特点并从个人因素、社会因素、直接诱发因素等方面分析了民工犯罪的原因。     

早期现代化与犯罪研究

我国早期现代化是指1840年至1949年中国现代化的早期历程,它实际上是中国的资本主义化.伴随着我国早期现代化的发展,犯罪亦呈愈益增长的趋势.所以如此,与工业化、城市化发展、极度贫穷、社会制约失效等是密切相关的.这个时期,我国犯罪的主要类型是政治犯罪、财产犯罪、有组织犯罪、毒品犯罪等.它使人们认识到,维护社会稳定是控制犯罪的重要前提,社会矛盾加剧是犯罪增多的重要根源,文化变迁是影响犯罪发生的重要因素.     

关于农民工犯罪问题的调查报告

近年来,随着中国城市化进程的加快,大量的农民涌入城市打工谋生。他们为城市化建设做出巨大贡献的同时,由他们滋生出的犯罪问题也成为城市化进程中的伴生物,成为构建和谐社会不和谐的声音,引起社会的广泛关注。天津市H区人民检察院通过对2010年以来办理的农民工犯罪案件进行调研。总结犯罪规律,分析犯罪原因,有针对性地提出对策建议,以期达到预防和减少此类犯罪、维护社会和谐稳定的效果。     

现代化与财产犯罪

财产犯罪是所有现代化国家犯罪的主要形式,表明财产犯罪与现代化密不可分,它是现代化发展付出代价的一个重要表现。在现代化进程中,造成财产犯罪增多的原因在于:犯罪机会增多,贫富悬殊加剧,价值观念混乱,腐败现象蔓延,犯罪惯性使然。必须针对这些原因,采取有效的对策,才能控制财产犯罪的增长。     

新时代农民工城市化诉求受阻与犯罪探析

我国城市化进程急剧加快,大量的农村人口向城市蜂拥而至,加剧了城市务工人员和城市的真正迎接力之间的矛盾,农民工强烈的城市化诉求受到阻碍,是诱发农民工犯罪的主要原因。关注新时代农民工的城市化诉求,可以有效预防新时代农民工犯罪。     

城市化与犯罪

本文作者结合具体情况，通过城市化与犯罪关系，社区犯罪，城市化进程中的犯罪原因，城市社区犯罪的化解等方面来求证城市化与犯罪空间有什么关系。     

美国青少年犯罪司法制度的发展路径

在19世纪之前，美国的青少年犯罪现象较少，个别人犯罪后所受到的法律制裁则与成人一样。自19世纪初期以来，美国的社会结构随着经济的发展而发生变化，城市化、工业化步伐的加快和外来移民的大量涌入，青少年犯罪问题变得日益严重。为应对这一棘手社会问题，改革者们创造性地提出了“青少年犯罪”的全新概念，当局则结合未成年犯人的身心特点设计出一些相对特别的司法制度。随着改革的进一步深入，之后又创设了青少年法庭，而且给予青少年犯人的司法程序保护也通过司法判例的形式逐渐趋于完善，从而形成了独具特色的现行青少年犯罪的司法制度。     

对外来流动人口犯罪成因的透视与防控切入点

作为社会转型过程中形成的一个特殊群体,外来流动人口的大量涌入,促进了当地经济的发展,实现了人口资源的多元化,优化了生产要素的组合,加快了城市化建设的进程,但也给公安部门带来了诸多服务和管理方面的压力,引发了一系列社会治安问题。本文从分析外来流动人口的犯罪状况入手,提出了外来流动人口犯罪的防控切入点,以期能为公安部门的社会管理决策提供一定依据。     

新生代农民工犯罪问题的研究

20世纪80年代以来,伴随我国市场经济的发展、城市化进程的加快,新生代农民工作为一个特殊的群体大量涌入城市,为改革开放和社会主义现代化建设做出了积极贡献,但伴生的一些消极影响也不容忽视.新生代农民工犯罪问题已然成为影响社会治安与稳定的新的严峻的社会问题.因此,剖析其犯罪原因、探究犯罪特征并给予预防和打击,对维护社会稳定、构建和谐社会具有重要意义.     

发展中国家的犯罪

<正> 几个主要大洲的国家现在正经历着从农业社会向工业化社会转变的过程。尽管各发展中国家的社会、文化、政治和经济特点有所不同,但几乎没有一个国家能够避免作为这种发展进程最显著结果之一的犯罪增长。随着现代化开始,这些原来犯罪率很低的各种各样的国家突然受到了惊人的犯罪增长的痛苦折磨,犯罪已成为城市秩序和社会发展进程本身的严重威胁。     

中国犯罪治理的制度逻辑:以总体性治理吸纳现代化治理

中国的犯罪治理实践在社会治安领域取得的巨大成就,为深刻理解中国经验并发展犯罪治理现代化理论提供了重要契机。中国的犯罪治理模式呈现出总体性治理吸纳现代化治理的复合型制度逻辑,具体的经验资源包括:以"平安中国"为主线推进立体化社会治安防控,将总体性的政策治理观融入犯罪治理现代化的全过程;借助枫桥经验联接国家主导与多元参与,实现治理权威与治理角色的重新分配;提升运动式治理的制度化与法治化水平,以最小的治理代价换取最大的治理效果;以"发展式预防""整体性治理"释放大规模社会建设活动的犯罪治理效应,实现源头治理与综合治理;鼓励智慧技术的"赋能导向式"应用,激发技术治理的犯罪控制与犯罪预防潜能。迈入高质量发展阶段的犯罪治理应树立整体性、长周期的治理观,为吸纳、升级中国经验奠定基础;倡导精细化治理理念,寻求有效治理与正当治理的平衡;总结、固定典型案例的成功模式,强调中国方案的世界价值。     

The Emergence of Crime Victims as a Target Group in the Swedish Social Services Act

This article examines the political motives behind the introduction of crime victim support provisions in the Swedish Social Services Act. The findings derive from a case study of the preparatory material that prefaced the legal changes that were adopted in 2001. The result shows that the explicit purpose of the provisions was to consider measures to improve the support to crime victims. To some degree the provisions can also be explained by symbolic factors. In fact, most actors in the law-making process indicate that their motives were communicative and symbolic. Support to crime victims was presumably a complicated issue for the social democratic government. Because of the economical crisis in the early 1990s, there was no scope for reforms that implied high increased costs. Yet expanding the crime victim's rights in relation to the offender, such as toughening the penal law and promoting victim impact statements, was not in line with social democratic ideology. By enacting the provisions in the Social Services Act the government demonstrated that support to crime victims was an important area of concern. At the same time, the provisions did not involve any increased costs or strengthen the crime victim's rights in relation to the offender. In this way, the provisions became a mediator that solved a difficult political dilemma for the government.     

Gun Control in a Developing Nation: The Gun Court Act of Jamaica

Generally, the study of Third World crime can be approached from two acutely different theoretical perspectives. “Modernization” theory attempts to attribute crime in Third World societies to the rapid pace of industrialization and attempts to apply a variety of criminological theories that focus on the individual and the immediate social context of the actor. “Political economy/dependency” theory attempts to address the processes of imperialism and underdevelopment and the whole range of law violations and legal controls present in post-colonial societies.

This paper explains the Jamaican firearm crime problem, and the societal response to it, during the 1970's and early 1980's by applying the political economy/dependency theoretical framework. The legislative policy designed to curb increases in firearm crimes in Jamaica during the study period was the Gun Court Act. This mandatory piece of criminal legislation is examined in order to develop the connection between crime in underdeveloped nations and crime and social control.     

MORALITY,MARKETS, AND THE ASC: 2011 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS TO THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY*

This Presidential Address explores the possibilities for fruitful multilevel theorizing in criminology by proposing an integration of insights from situational action theory (SAT), a distinctively micro‐level perspective, with insights from institutional anomie theory (IAT), a distinctively macro‐level perspective. These perspectives are strategic candidates for integration because morality plays a central role in both. IAT can enrich SAT by identifying indirect causes of crime that operate at the institutional level and by highlighting the impact of the institutional context on the perception‐choice process that underlies crime. Such multilevel theorizing can also promote the development of IAT by revealing the “micro‐instantiations” of macro‐level processes and by simulating further inquiry into the social preconditions for institutional configurations that are conducive to low levels of crime. Finally, drawing on Durkheim's classic work on occupational associations, I point to the potential role of professional associations such as the American Society of Criminology in promoting and sustaining a viable moral order in the advanced capitalist societies.     

城市和谐的安全保障：犯罪预防战略措施及其整体优化

犯罪成型是一个发展过程,控制城市犯罪泛滥的预防措施也必须是一个发展过程。必须控制社区解体的速度以及社会成员特别是贫困群体等弱势主体对经济社会变迁的承受度。公民、城市公共场所的管理者、公司、企业、事业单位都有义务根据能力采取适当的情境型犯罪预防措施控制特色的犯罪行为。发展型、社区型、情境型犯罪预防战略措施优化升级的内在要求促使犯罪预防理论与实践思考控制犯罪的全新分析视角。     

The Roots of Modern White-Collar Crime: Does the Modern Form of White-Collar Crime have its Foundation in the Transition from a Society Dominated by Agriculture to One Dominated by Industry?

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate whether the process of transition from an agricultural to an industrial society was a watershed for white-collar crime, such that this type of crime increased rapidly in connection with the industrialization process. The theoretical reasoning behind this notion is that the transition process promoted a mentality characterized by self-centered values and a culture of competitiveness, which together paved the way for fraud perpetrated at the expense of others. The data are from Statistic Sweden’s historical records and cover the period of 1864–1912. Since there is no way to measure all crimes that can be defined as white collar crime, we have used bankruptcy offences as an example of white collar crime. The results do not support the notion that the transition period from an agricultural to an industrial society showed an increase in bankruptcy offences. Instead, the results show that when fluctuations in the economy are taken into account, the industrialization process per se entailed less bankruptcy offences. On the other hand, other research using the case of Sweden has shown that it was first after World War II that bankruptcy offences increased rapidly. Our argument is that the transition process as a structural mechanism had a greater impact on bankruptcy offences when industrialized capitalism became advanced.

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犯罪控制与社会参与——构建和谐社会背景下的思考

和谐社会是稳定而有活力的社会,是国家与社会动态平衡的二元结构社会.在构建和谐社会的大背景下,犯罪控制模式应当由传统的"国家本位模式",向"国家·社会"双本位模式转化,应积极推进犯罪控制中的社会力量参与,以适应社会转型时期,公众对犯罪预防和控制的要求.     

论行贿犯罪档案查询中虚假证件的识别

检察机关行贿犯罪档案查询系统的开通,对于强化检察机关法律监督职能作用,加强从源头上遏制和预防腐败,全面推进廉洁准入制度,促进社会信用体系建设,起到了积极的作用。但近来投标人使用虚假证件的问题比较严重,应引起各级检察机关的高度重视。在执行查询工作时,我们应建立起严密规范的工作程序,让虚假证件失去赖以生存的空间。     

当代中国犯罪观的转变

犯罪观的发展经历了由一元化向多元化推进的过程。当代中国的犯罪观呈现多元化状况。这种多元化不仅指在宏观上多种犯罪观并存,而且指在微观上多种犯罪观也可能并存于同一个社会主体。多元化的犯罪观并存对犯罪这一复杂的社会现象形成了多角度的认识。当代中国犯罪观转变的基本脉络表现为:由绝对主义犯罪观向价值中立犯罪观转变、由科学主义犯罪观向人本主义犯罪观转变、由保守主义犯罪观向自由主义犯罪观转变、由结构主义犯罪观向过程主义犯罪观转变、由国家控制的犯罪观向社会控制的犯罪观转变。     

Transformation of the view on crimes in modern China

The view on crimes has progressed from the past monism to the present pluralism. In modern China, the concept of crime is in pluralism. The so-called pluralism here means the many concepts of crime not only co-exist macroscopically within a society, but also microcosmically within a single social member. The pluralism of the concept of crime provides us with a multiangular cognition for the complicated phenomena of crime. As a process of the transformation of the view on crime, it has developed from absolutism to relativism, from scientism to humanism, from conservatism to liberalism, from structuralism to progressivism, and from the pattern of state control to the pattern of social control.