共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Eric Cohen 《Society》2009,46(3):221-223
Daniel Callahan’s essay raises big and important questions about how the biotechnological project to extend life and defeat
aging may bring many undesirable consequences. At worst, it will usher in a new age of extended debility, with able minds
trapped for decades in enfeebled bodies or able bodies lingering for decades with enfeebled minds. At best, our future success
at extending vigorous life will create serious disruptions of the social order. But the essay fails to illuminate, more fully,
the nature of death as a human problem, or to establish the basis for setting limits on the worst excesses of the bio-immortality
project.
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Eric CohenEmail: |
2.
Robert Dingwall 《Society》2009,46(3):247-249
‘Social precognition’ is the forerunner of new developments in science and technology such as extended life or immortality.
While life-extension may have been neglected by philosophers or social scientists, it has been explored in depth by creative
writers. They underline the threat of new kinds of inequality and of the conservatism of a society that protects the interests
of the long-lived. They also question the quality of a longer life as likely to be lonely and empty rather than wise, peaceful
and fulfilled.
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Robert DingwallEmail: |
3.
Howard J. Silver 《Society》2008,45(5):422-424
The policy issues confronting the new administration in 2009 can benefit greatly from the results of social, behavioral, and
economic sciences research. Climate change, energy, human capital, social, capital, migration, public health, fairness, new
technologies, and foreign and defense policy are all issues that the research has addressed. The participation of social scientists
in the policy process will enhance the contributions of the research.
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Howard J. SilverEmail: |
4.
Frank Furedi 《Society》2009,46(3):235-236
This essay questions Callahan’s criticism of people’s aspiration to extend their life. It argues that ideas about life are
subject to historical variations and the question at issue is whether society can give meaning to aging. It also questions
the claim that the radical extension of human life will jeopardize the welfare of future generations. It suggests that the
application of the precautionary principle to the question of aging avoid facing up to question how society should value the
old.
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Frank FurediEmail: |
5.
Vlad Oprica 《Human Rights Review》2008,9(1):29-40
The idea of gender equality has been and still is an exogenous concept in Romanian culture. Initially introduced and institutionalized
by communist ideology after World War II along with other utopian egalitarian principles, gender equality remains to this day a somewhat alien concept in practice for the majority of the Romanian population. Nevertheless, in the early twenty-first
century, with renewed economic growth and more liberal governance in Romania, the gender equality debate has intensified,
and multiple advocacies now compete on the political and social arenas. The most notable actors shaping current attitudes
toward women in Romania are the Orthodox Church, political parties, feminist organizations, and the media.
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Vlad OpricaEmail: |
6.
James G. Poulos 《Society》2008,45(3):294-298
With group psychology and business management hand in hand, a major cultural imperative is to strengthen the intensity and
intimacy of corporate human resources programs. Stressing an ethic of authentic individuality, the human resources industry
seeks to leverage the competitive spirit into a rationale for the collaborative spirit. In so doing, it reflects a profound
change in the meaning of vocation. Bureaucracies must compete for the commitment of authenticity-seeking individuals with
a freewheeling leisure market that rewards work with social entertainment experiences. The business environment must redefine
itself as a social activity center that mirrors rewards available outside the workplace, blurring the lines between work and
play and self and other. By elevating teamwork to social instinct as the mode of production, human resources practices contribute
to a deepening recognition that bureaucracy must be re-enchanted in order to survive amid the same ethic of individuality
that powers contemporary market capitalism.
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James G. PoulosEmail: |
7.
Peter Augustine Lawler 《Society》2009,46(3):227-231
Callahan is wrong to be pro-death, but he’s right to say that to live well—or for society to have a real future—we have to
care about more than mere life. Futile attempts to stop the pursuit of extreme personal prolongevity are contrary to our rights-based
way of life. It’s also contrary to human love and dignity to regard the old as a threat.
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Peter Augustine LawlerEmail: |
8.
Brian Grodsky 《Human Rights Review》2009,10(2):219-238
In this paper, I explore the formation of human rights attitudes among what I call the “silent majority” in the post-communist
countries of Central Europe and the former Soviet Union. This is the large, diverse group of people never directly confronted
with harsh methods of repression under communism. I argue here that the foundations for conceptualizing human rights are based
on the degree and saliency of exposure to rights violations and that, for many citizens of Central and Eastern Europe, life
behind the “iron curtain” is associated with relatively fewer rights violations than life after the iron curtain’s fall. Comparative
personal experiences will play a key role in explaining how these citizens conceptualize human rights. I test this argument
by applying it to the cases of Poland, where I conducted a total of 68 randomly selected non-elite interviews in an effort
to probe for key factors defining individuals’ conceptions of human rights.
相似文献
Brian GrodskyEmail: |
9.
10.
Bryan S. Turner 《Society》2009,46(3):255-261
The article examines illustrations from ancient and modern societies to consider the connections between power, social elites
and knowledge of techniques to promote longevity. In pre-modern societies, knowledge of practices and substances to promote
longevity were cultivated by elites such as the Chinese imperial court. In modern societies, new technologies—cryonics, cloning,
stem-cell applications and nanotechnology—will offer exclusive and expensive methods for prolonging life for the rich. However
one important difference between the ancient and modern world is that with secularization longevity is no longer connected
with a moral life; longevity is not a reward for sanctity. We have democratized the ambition for long life but not necessarily
its realization. The modern quest for longevity appears to be connected with the desire of Baby Boomer generations to hold
on to their assets, but while modern medicine may help us to survive forever, it cannot tell us how to live forever.
相似文献
Bryan S. TurnerEmail: |
11.
We present an analysis of the economic, political and social factors that underlay the Apollo program, one of the most exceptional
and costly projects ever undertaken by the United States in peacetime that culminated in 1969 with the first human steps on
the Moon. This study suggests that the Apollo program provides a vivid illustration of a societal bubble, defined as a collective
over-enthusiasm as well as unreasonable investments and efforts, derived through excessive public and/or political expectations
of positive outcomes associated with a general reduction of risk aversion. We show that economic, political and social factors
weaved a network of reinforcing feedbacks that led to widespread over-enthusiasm and extraordinary commitment by those involved
in the project as well as by politicians and by the public at large. We propose the general concept of “pro-bubbles”, according
to which bubbles are an unavoidable development in technological and social enterprise that benefits society by allowing exceptional
niches of innovation to be explored.
相似文献
Didier SornetteEmail: |
12.
We argue that the post-9/11 environment has amounted to a substantive change in the longstanding United States relationship
with the international human rights regime. We identify three distinct phases of that relationship, noting that in the most
recent phase, since 9/11, the US has moved from passive support of the international human rights regime to a direct attack
of that regime. Realist and liberal regime theories suggest that the human rights regime is relatively weak, and is unlikely
to withstand such an attack. We find that the regime has not only continued to persist, but has flourished even as US support
has faltered. The human rights regime is surprisingly strong. We argue it is the ideological nature of the regime that explains
its resilience, which suggests that constructivist theory is necessary to fully understand the human rights regime.
相似文献
Rhonda L. CallawayEmail: |
13.
Richard Nunan 《Human Rights Review》2008,9(4):537-541
Consequentialist cosmopolitanism, Peter Higgins argues, enables closed border liberals to evade charges of moral hypocrisy
despite their commitment to moral equality of individuals, once we recognize that open border arguments rely on cosmopolitanism’s
individualism requirement, which ignores social realities relevant to a realistic assessment of the social consequences of
an open immigration policy. Higgins is mistaken, however, in contending that cosmopolitan individualism entails attention
to people only in their capacity as the abstract atomic individuals populating Charles Mills’ idealized social ontologies.
Conversely, if cosmopolitan individualism does compel us to think of people as abstract atomic individuals, we are not obliged
to think of them as relatively privileged. Under liberal cosmopolitanism, however, which prohibits state discrimination between
citizens and non-citizens, open border policies are subject to no such consequentialist objections.
相似文献
Richard NunanEmail: |
14.
Karl Popper’s equation of the closed society with tribalism is reviewed and modified. The German origins of the anthropological
concept of culture and its related ideas of the folk culture and cultural relativism are explored. The vicissitudes of the
idea of The Folk and its swing from Right to Left are related to contemporary neo-primitivism. The open society and high culture
are defended.
相似文献
Robin FoxEmail: |
15.
Robert A. Stebbins 《Society》2009,46(2):155-159
Being motivated to volunteer is a crucial condition for both the volunteers and those seeking their services. Yet the reigning
conceptual model of volunteering in the field of nonprofit sector studies—an economic one based on the idea that the first
may be defined as people engaged in unpaid labor—offers at best a superficial explanation of the motives encouraging them
to altruistically offer their time. In light of this conceptual deficiency another definition of volunteering (and hence volunteer)
has, of late, been gaining acceptance. Sometimes referred to as a volitional definition, it roots in sociology and social
psychology: volunteers feel they are engaging in a leisure activity, which they have had the option to accept or reject on
their own terms.
相似文献
Robert A. StebbinsEmail: |
16.
While national service enjoys broad support across the political spectrum, the actual goals of programs such as AmeriCorps
remain somewhat amorphous. Based on a set of interviews with both experienced. practitioners and key thought leaders in the
field, four competing visions of national service are detailed. The article suggests that national service has alternatively
been seen as a way to promote an active and engaged citizenship, accelerate the personal growth of the young people in the
programs, build social capital in communities, and meet critical social needs through public work. These four competing visions
can and do coexist in practice, which helps to explain the widespread and enduring popularity of the idea of national service
in America.
相似文献
Peter FrumkinEmail: |
17.
Daniel P. L. Chong 《Human Rights Review》2009,10(2):183-204
In recent years, dozens of human rights non-governmental organizations (NGOs) across the globe have begun to advocate for
economic and social rights, which represents a significant expansion of the human rights movement. This article investigates
a central strategy that NGOs have pursued to realize these rights: legalization. Legalization involves specifying rights as
valid legal rules and enforcing them through judicial or quasi-judicial processes. After documenting some of the progress
made toward legalization, the article analyzes five unique challenges involved in legalizing economic and social rights. It
is important to identify these challenges because they must be overcome if the human rights movement wishes to refute the
notion that economic and social rights are inherently non-justiciable (and therefore, to some, invalid as rights). These challenges also point to the possibility that legalization is not the only, or even the best, strategic pathway to
realize economic and social rights effectively.
相似文献
Daniel P. L. ChongEmail: |
18.
Howard L. Kaye 《Society》2009,46(3):237-239
As Leon Kass has noted, the conquest of illness and death has long been “the unstated but implicit goal of modern medical
science.” But it is unstated no more. Since the late 1990s, a new generation of scientists and enthusiasts has emerged to
proclaim the feasibility and desirability of radical life extension. What they promise is not just longer life, better health,
and heightened vitality, but a transformation of ourselves into the sort of beings we have long wished to be, but have repeatedly
failed to become: beings who are completely fulfilled and living in perfect harmony with others. Despite the obvious and profound
appeal of such a fantasy, attempts to realize it, even if successful scientifically, might prove to be disastrous culturally,
for reasons that go beyond concerns about the alteration of existing social structures. Ultimately, as Freud argued, life
might well become stagnant, “shallow and empty,” while the fear of death might become all the more crippling.
相似文献
Howard L. KayeEmail: |
19.
Marc Bühlmann Wolfgang Merkel Lisa Müller Bernhard Weßels 《Politische Vierteljahresschrift》2008,49(1):114-122
Ohne Zusammenfassung
* Die vier Autor(inn)en arbeiten in einem gemeinsamen Forschungsprojekt des NCCR Democracy (vom Schweizerischen Nationalfonds
finanziertes National Centre of Competence in Research: Challenges to Democracy in the 21st Century) und des WZB an einem „Demokratiebarometer“ für die 30 OECD-Staaten, das die Ignoranz der 0-Varianz bei Polity und Freedom House aufkl?ren will.
相似文献
Marc Bühlmann (Corresponding author)Email: |
Wolfgang MerkelEmail: |
Lisa MüllerEmail: |
Bernhard We?elsEmail: |
20.
Steven J. Gold 《Society》2009,46(5):408-411
David Stoll suggests that because contemporary immigrants are non-European, uneducated, poor, and uninterested in joining
the moral community of American society, their presence threatens national unity, obscures citizens’ obligations to one another
and will shortly change the US into a minority–majority society. Drawing from historical accounts and statistical evidence,
this article asserts that immigrants provide American society with social, economic and demographic benefits. Moreover, while
pundits have long predicted that immigrants with national origins distinct from those of natives will transform American life
to its detriment, the record reveals the US has been able to incorporate diverse nationalities to the benefit of immigrants
and the native-born alike.
相似文献
Steven J. GoldEmail: |