4个Y-STR基因座遗传多态性及分子克隆技术制备分型标准物

目的研究Y染色体4个新发现的STR基因座在成都汉族群体中的遗传多态性,寻找适合于法医学应用的Y-STR基因座并用分子克隆法制备其等位基因分型标准物。方法用PCR扩增和非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对105名成都地区汉族无血缘关系男性个体的4个Y-STR基因座进行分型。并通过分子克隆技术制备DYS643基因座的等位基因分型标准物。结果DYS632、DYS634、DYS642和DYS643四个STR基因座均具有Y染色体特异性,在成都汉族群体中等位基因个数分别为2、4、3和5,共检测出31种单倍型;DYS643基因座的等位基因分型标准物可以用于群体研究。结论DYS643基因座及其分子克隆法制备的等位基因分型标准物具有较高的法医学应用价值。     

DYS391、DYS393基因座X染色体扩增对法医鉴定影响的探讨

目的探讨提高DYS391和DYS393基因座特异性扩增方法及两基因座的X染色体扩增产物对法医学鉴定结论的影响。方法DYS391和DYS393基因座采用PCR扩增、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结合银染进行分析。结果稀释模板DNA浓度和提高退火温度对提高此两Y染色体基因座特异性扩增并不明显。DYS391和DYS393的X染色体扩增产物对法医学鉴定结论有误导可能性。结论在法医学鉴定尤其是性别鉴定中应谨慎应用DYS391和DYS393基因座。     

DYS19、DYS391、DYS439三个Y-STR荧光标记复合扩增的法医学应用研究

目的　研究Y—染色体STR基因座在法医学检测中的应用价值。方法　用荧光标记DYS19,DYS391,DYS4 39三个Y—STR基因座 ,PCR复合扩增 ,通过毛细管电泳得到结果。结果　三个Y—STR基因座有较高的种属特异性 ;观察 5 0次男性配子细胞形成过程中的减数分裂未发现突变基因 ;对男∶女不同比例混合血样检测 ,当男∶女性血样比达 1∶5 0时 ,仍能准确分型Y—STR基因型 ,并且Y—STR检验较常染色体STR分型更有优势 ;检测了 1～ 15个月病理石蜡切片 ,表明Y -STR基因座适合降解DNA的检测。结论　Y -STR分型适合日常法医检案的需要 ,该方法是对常染色体STR应用的一个补充。     

7个Y-STR基因座单倍型及其法医学应用

目的调查7个Y-STR基因座单倍型及其法医学应用。方法利用二组复合扩增体系,(Ⅰ:DYS391、GATA-A4、GATA-A10和GATA-H4;Ⅱ:DYS439、DYS437和DYS434)检测7个Y染色体特异性的STR基因座,并用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和银染显色技术进行基因分型。结果在广东汉族372名无关男性个体中,二组7个基因座分别检出5、7、6、5和6、4、4个等位基因,共检出254种单倍型,其中201种为唯一的。单倍型基因多样性为0.9960。结论7个Y-STR基因座具有很高的识别能力,对建立Y染色体STR数据库,研究群体遗传学和进行法医学鉴定有重要意义。     

荧光复合扩增4个Y染色体STR的单倍型及其法医学应用

目的建立一套Y染色体STR的双色荧光复合扩增系统,调查4个Y-STR基因座单倍型分布情况及其在混合斑物证检验中的法医学应用前景。方法荧光标记引物复合扩增Y-GATA-A10、DYS531、DYS557和DYS448四个Y染色体特异性STR基因座,并用ABⅠ310遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行检测、分型。结果在成都汉族120名无关男性个体中,四个基因座分别检出5、5、8、7个等位基因,共检出78种单倍型,单倍型基因多样性为0.9881。对3例本教研室不能用常规常染色体STR对男性成份作出同一认定的混合斑检材,该系统成功的作出了与嫌疑人血液Y-STR基因型一致的鉴定结论。结论建立的Y-STR荧光标记复合扩增系统具有很高的识别能力,对建立Y染色体STR数据库,研究群体遗传学和进行法医学混合斑物证鉴定有重要意义。     

9个Y-STR基因座荧光复合扩增系统的法医学应用

目的建立9个Y-STR基因座的复合扩增系统,提高Y-STR的法医学检测效能。方法6-FAM标记DYS434、Y-GATA-A10、DYS438、DYS439,HEX标记DYS531、DYS557、DYS448,TAMRA标记DYS456、DYS444引物,PCR复合扩增,毛细管电泳得到结果,考察扩增系统的个体识别能力、灵敏度、特异性、组织同一性。结果所建立的9个Y-STR复合扩增系统分型清晰,单倍型多样性达0.9968,特异性好,灵敏度高(0.5ngDNA),并且在男女混合斑检验上较常染色体STR分型更有优势。结论9个Y-STR复合扩增系统具有较高的识别能力,对建立Y染色体STR数据库,研究群体遗传学和进行法医学混合斑物证鉴定有重要意义。     

DYS393多态性分析及其法医学应用

探讨了Y-DNASTR基因座DYS393的多态性及其法医学应用价值,用变性PAGE结合荧光DNA自动测序仪分析及非变性PAGE,结合银染显示两种PCR扩增产物的方法,并调查了广州地区120例汉族无关男性个体DYS393等位基因分布状况;在此基础上,建立了DYS393和HumARA两基因座的复合扩增体系,结果显示DYS393基因座共检出4种等位基因,复合扩增体系可同时提供性别鉴定和个体识别的信息.     

北京汉族群体17个Y-STR基因座遗传多态性

本文调查了北京地区汉族无关个体DYS456、DYS389I、DYS390、DYS389II、DYS458、DYS19、DYS393、DYS391、DYS439、DYS635、DYS392、Y-GATAH4、DYS437、DYS438、DYS448DYS385a／b等17个Y—STR基因座的遗传多态性,以期为法医学个人识别和亲缘鉴定提供数据。     

北京汉族人群三个Y染色体STR基因座的遗传多态性研究

目的　获得DYS4 37,A7 1,H4三个Y染色体STR基因座及其单倍型在北京汉族人群中的遗传多态性分布 ,并探讨其法医学应用价值。方法　应用自行建立的Y STR 15 plex复合扩增体系 ,对用酚 /氯仿法提取的 132份北京地区汉族无关男性个体血样DNA样品进行复合扩增 ,用ABI310型遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行检测 ,统计分析 3个Y STR基因座的群体遗传学参数。结果　DYS4 37,A7 1,H4三个Y STR基因座在该群体中分别检出 4 ,5 ,4个等位基因 ,GD值分别为 0 4 977,0 6 731,0 5 42 0 ;观察到 32种单倍型 ,其中 17种单倍型出现 1次 ,最多 1种单倍型出现 2 0次 ,单倍型累积GD值为 0 9118。结论　 3个Y STR基因座具有较强的个体识别能力 ,在法医学个体识别和亲权鉴定中具有很高的应用价值     

山西汉族人群3个Y—STR基因座遗传多态性

Y-STR在群体遗传学、法医学混合斑的个体识别以及父权的单亲鉴定方面有着重要的应用价值。但由于Y染色体遗传标记的多态性远较常染色体基因座低,而且Y-STR基因座在不同人群的差异性远高于常染色体基因座,因此需要寻求更多基因座来满足需要。本文对山西汉族人群DYS709、DYS710、DYS722等3个Y-STR基因座进行遗传学调查,以期为相关研究及实践提供基础数据。     

Y-STR polymorphism in Central Anatolian Region of Turkey

Eight Y-chromosome specific STR (Y-STR) loci including DYS19, DYS388, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393 were investigated in a group of males from Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. Healthy 59 males living in this region for at least three generations were included in the study. PCR analysis was carried out with Y-STR specific primers on genomic DNA obtained from peripheral blood samples and size determination of PCR products was performed by silver staining following 6% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). DYS388 was found to be the locus with lowest diversity (D) whereas DYS389II was the locus with highest diversity. The current study presented a framework of variation for the eight Y-STR loci in Central Anatolian population.     

Genetic polymorphism of 12 Y-chromosomal STR loci in the Minnan Han Chinese in Southeast China

The 12Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci DYS19, DYS389I and II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS385a and b were analyzed in a sample of 109 unrelated male individuals from mountainous areas of Minnan, Southeast China. A total of 95 haplotypes were identified. The allele diversity values for each locus ranged from 0.3205 (DYS391) to 0.9553 (DYS385), the haplotype diversity was 0.9863, and the discrimination capacity 0.8716.     

Allele frequencies and haplotypes of 12 Y-STR loci for the local Chinese population in Hong Kong

Haplotype frequencies were established for 12 Y-chromosome STR loci, including all loci recommended by Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods Y-STR Subcommittee (DYS391, DYS389I/II, DYS439, DYS393, DYS390, DYS385a/b, DYS438, DYS19 and DYS392) plus DYS437, in the local Chinese population in Hong Kong. In a sample of 481 unrelated males, it was possible to define 424 different haplotypes of which 388 were unique, 26 was found in two individuals, 2 were shared in three individuals, 5 were shared in four individuals and 3 were shared in five individuals. The allele diversity values for each locus ranged from 0.4273 (DYS438) to 0.9555 (DYS385a/b). The observed haplotype diversity value and discrimination capacity were 0.9992 and 0.8815, respectively. In a genetic study of these unrelated males, triple alleles were found at the DYS358 locus in six individuals. The combined Y-chromosome STR polymorphisms provide a powerful discrimination tool for routine forensic applications.     

Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in Kalmyk population samples

Seventeen Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385ab, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, GATA-H4, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 were typed in DNA samples from the Kalmyk population (n=99). The population is characterized by a high proportion of duplicated DYS19 alleles and deletions of the locus DYS448 on the background of the Central Asian haplogroup C*. AMOVA analysis reveals a close vicinity to Mongolian and Kazakh populations and large genetic distance to geographical neighbours from Russia, Ukraine and the Caucasus.     

Internal Validation of the AmpFlSTR Yfiler™ Amplification Kit for Use in Forensic Casework

Abstract:  Y-chromosomal short-tandem repeat (Y-STR) amplification has been used in forensic casework at the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA) Forensic Science Laboratory since 2003. At that time, two separate amplifications were required to type the SWGDAM recommended loci (DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS438, and DYS439). The Yfiler™ kit coamplifies these loci as well as DYS437, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, and Y GATA H4. The Yfiler™ kit was validated following the internal validations outlined in the SWGDAM revised validation guidelines. Our studies show that 0.125 ng of male DNA will generate a complete 17 locus profile and that as little as 0.06 ng of male DNA yields an average of nine loci. In the male–male mixtures, a complete profile from the minor component was detected up to 1:5 ratio; most of the alleles of the minor component were detected at a 1:10 ratio and more than half the alleles of the minor component were detected at a 1:20 ratio. Complete YSTR profiles were obtained when 500 pg male DNA was mixed with female DNA at ratios up to 1:1000. At ratios of 1:5000 and 1:10,000 (male DNA to female DNA) inhibition of the YSTR amplification was evident. The YSTR results obtained for the adjudicated case samples gave significantly more probative information than the autosomal results. Our studies demonstrate that the Yfiler™ kit is extremely sensitive, does not exhibit cross-reactivity with female DNA, successfully types male DNA in the presence of overwhelming amounts of female DNA and is successful in typing actual forensic samples from adjudicated cases.     

Y-STR haplotypes in Central Anatolia region of Turkey

Allele frequencies and haplotypes of the 11 Y-chromosome STRs loci, namely DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS438, and DYS439 were determined in a sample of 113 unrelated males from the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. In the 113 samples 106 different haplotypes were encountered, of which 100 were observed only once. The overall haplotype diversity was 0.9987. In the study, a duplication at locus DYS19 and locus DYS393 was observed. The results demonstrate that these loci will be very useful for human identification in forensic cases and paternity tests in the Central Anatolia region.     

Internal validation of the AmpFlSTR Yfiler amplification kit for use in forensic casework.

Y-chromosomal short-tandem repeat (Y-STR) amplification has been used in forensic casework at the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA) Forensic Science Laboratory since 2003. At that time, two separate amplifications were required to type the SWGDAM recommended loci (DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS438, and DYS439). The Yfiler kit coamplifies these loci as well as DYS437, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, and Y GATA H4. The Yfiler kit was validated following the internal validations outlined in the SWGDAM revised validation guidelines. Our studies show that 0.125 ng of male DNA will generate a complete 17 locus profile and that as little as 0.06 ng of male DNA yields an average of nine loci. In the male-male mixtures, a complete profile from the minor component was detected up to 1:5 ratio; most of the alleles of the minor component were detected at a 1:10 ratio and more than half the alleles of the minor component were detected at a 1:20 ratio. Complete YSTR profiles were obtained when 500 pg male DNA was mixed with female DNA at ratios up to 1:1000. At ratios of 1:5000 and 1:10,000 (male DNA to female DNA) inhibition of the YSTR amplification was evident. The YSTR results obtained for the adjudicated case samples gave significantly more information than the autosomal results. Our studies demonstrate that the Yfiler kit is extremely sensitive, does not exhibit cross-reactivity with female DNA, successfully types male DNA in the presence of overwhelming amounts of female DNA and is successful in typing actual forensic samples from adjudicated cases.     

Alternative primers for DYS391 typing: advantages of their application to forensic genetics

The amplification of the STR DYS391, using the primers described in the Genome Data Base (GDB: G00-365-251), shows not only an additional band to the Y-specific one in males with a size range of 26 bp less than those of DYS391 locus alleles, but also a polymorphic pattern in females in the same size range as the additional band observed in males. The DYS391 pattern in families reflects a Y-specific linked locus and also a polymorphic X locus with an X-linked pattern of inheritance. A first screening in the X homologous locus allowed the identification of five different alleles. Allele frequencies were explored in different population groups for both the Y locus and the homologous locus in the X chromosome showing a similar allele distribution pattern in the X and Y homologous loci. An alternative reverse primer was designed to amplify the Y-chromosome specific STR in order to improve the specificity and applicability of this system to forensic genetics. Comparative results of the amplification with the new and the previously described primers proved that with this new primer there is a substantial increase in the specificity of the amplification. Moreover, a smaller fragment is amplified with a size out of the range of the alleles of the other Y-STRs usually used in forensic applications, therefore simplifying its inclusion in multiplex systems.     

Genetic analysis of 17 Y-chromosomal STRs haplotypes of Chinese Tibetan ethnic group residing in Qinghai province of China

We have co-amplified and analyzed 17 Y-chromosomal STRs loci including European 'extended haplotypes' (DYS19, DYS389 I, DYS389 II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a,b, DYS438, and DYS439) and also six additional loci DYS437, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 and YGATA H4 in a population sample of 167 healthy unrelated autochthonous male individuals of Chinese Tibetan ethnic minority group residing in Qinghai province of China using a multiplex PCR system. The gene diversity values for the Y-STRs loci ranged from a minimum 0.3581 for DYS391 locus to a maximum of 0.8702 for DYS385a,b loci in Tibetan population. A total of 163 haplotypes were identified in the set of Y-STR loci, of which 159 were unique and 4 found in two individuals. The overall haplotype diversity for the set of Y-STRs loci was 0.9998, and the discrimination capacity was 0.9938. Research results will be valuable for human identification and paternity tests in the region and for Chinese population genetic study in the future.