以精神发育迟滞女性为性侵害对象的强奸犯的智力水平与智力结?…

目的 研究强奸精神发育迟滞女性的强奸犯与强奸正常女性的强奸犯在智力水平与结构方面的差异。方法 前者３３例，后者３２例，采用ＷＡＩＳ－ＲＣ评估其智力水平与结构。结果 两组在总体智商、言语智商、操作智商方面均有显著性差异。１１项分测验中数字广度、木块、图片３项在两组间无显著性差异，其余８项均有显著差异。结论 强奸精神发育迟滞女性的强奸犯与智力低下有关，他们在智力结构方面也存在着异常。     

以精神发育迟滞女性为性侵害对象的强奸犯的智力水平与智力结构的对照研究

目的研究强奸精神发育迟滞女性的强奸犯与强奸正常女性的强奸犯在智力水平与结构方面的差异.方法前者33例,后者32例,采用WAIS-RC评估其智力水平与结构.结果两组在总体智商、言语智商、操作智商方面均有显著性差异.11项分测验中数字广度、木块、图片3项在两组间无显著性差异,其余8项均有显著差异.结论强奸精神发育迟滞女性的强奸犯与智力低下有关,他们在智力结构方面也存在着异常.     

500例精神发育迟滞患者司法鉴定资料分析

目的探讨精神发育迟滞的作案类型及涉案特点。方法:收集7年来在我所进行司法精神病鉴定的病例资料2609份,选择其中为精神发育迟滞的的病例进行归纳分析。结果男女之比为1:1.42。性犯罪占首位348例(69.6%)。男女智力差异显著(P<0.01),女性智力明显落后。男性发案率依次为强奸、纵火、盗窃、抢劫、杀人等,以轻、中度精神发育迟滞为主。女性发案率以被强奸突出,且未成年、中重度精神发育迟滞为主。结论我所精神发育迟滞的鉴定案件中以刑事案件为主,性犯罪占首位,男女智力水平及发案率明显不同。     

社会功能评价在精神发育迟滞患者性侵害案中的应用

目的探讨社会功能水平在精神发育迟滞患者性自我防卫能力评定中的作用。方法对性侵害案中125例符合CCMD-3精神发育迟滞诊断标准的性受害者采用自编法医精神病学鉴定案例登记表收集一般资料,使用韦氏智力测试量表(WAIS-RC)、成人智残评定量表和功能大体量表(GAF)进行评定。结果不同等级的性自我防卫能力的患者在职业、婚姻、文化程度、性知识及生育史等方面有显著差异。成人智残评定量表、大体功能评定量表(GAF)、智商(IQ)和鉴定诊断的一致性(Kappa值)分为0.710、0.661、0.494,三者和性自我防卫能力的一致率分为0.538、0.472、0.316。结论不能仅用智商来确定精神发育迟滞患者的性自我防卫能力的水平,应充分重视社会功能在性自我防卫能力评定中的作用。     

精神分裂症患者的智力状况和刑事责任能力的关系

目的探讨在进行法医精神病学鉴定中精神分裂症患者的智力状况及刑事责任能力的关系。方法采用韦氏成人智力量表中国版(WAIS-RC)对138例精神分裂症患者进行测试,并与其相应的刑事责任能力进行Pearson相关分析。结果精神分裂症患者的全量表智商为±s=74.59±14.716;言语智商为±s=80.89±14.077;操作智商为±s=70.27±15.427。经统计分析发现:言语智商和操作智商(F=26.786,P=0.000)有显著性差异;各项智力结果与刑事责任能力相关性均不存在统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者平均智力水平在正常范围之下,边缘状态与轻度损害之间,但在法医精神病学鉴定中,其刑事责任能力与智力状况不存在相关性。     

精神分裂症患者的智力状况和刑事责任能力的关系

目的探讨在进行法医精神病学鉴定中精神分裂症患者的智力状况及刑事责任能力的关系。方法采用韦氏成人智力量表中国版（WAIS—RC）对138例精神分裂症患者进行测试，并与其相应的刑事责任能力进行Pearson相关分析。结果精神分裂症患者的全量表智商为&#177;s=74．59&#177;14．716：言语智商为&#177;s=80．89&#177;14．077；操作智商为&#177;s=70．27&#177;15．427。经统计分析发现：言语智商和操作智商（F=26．786，P=0．000）有显著性差异；各项智力结果与刑事责任能力相关性均不存在统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论精神分裂症患者平均智力水平在正常范围之下，边缘状态与轻度损害之间，但在法医精神病学鉴定中，其刑事责任能力与智力状况不存在相关性。     

颅脑损伤部位与智力评估分析

目的探讨颅脑损伤部位与智力损伤的关系。方法315例颅脑外伤者根据疾病诊断分成8组：蛛网膜下腔出血组、脑震荡组、硬膜外血肿组、硬膜下血肿组、颞叶损伤组、额叶损伤组、顶叶损伤组、枕叶损伤组、广泛性损伤组和其他组，按中国修订韦氏成人智力量表进行测试，分析性别、年龄、文化程度、损伤部位与智商水平的关系。结果颅脑外伤后的平均总智商（FIQ）为64．45±16．09。性别对颅脑外伤后的智商水平影响不明显（P=0．578）；老年颅脑外伤后的智商水平较青年和中年高（P〈0．01）；文盲者颅脑外伤后的智商水平较文化程度高者低（P〈0．01）。各组智商水平高低为：其他组〉蛛网膜下腔出血组、脑震荡组〉硬膜外血肿组、硬膜下血肿组〉颞叶损伤组、额叶损伤组、顶叶损伤组、枕叶损伤纽〉广泛性损伤组。同时左额叶损伤组的智商水平较右额叶损伤组低；右颞叶损伤组的操作智商（PIQ）明显比左颞叶损伤组低，而言语智商（VIQ）则反之（P〈0．01）。结论颅脑外伤后的智力损伤与损伤部位密切相关。     

燃煤污染型氟中毒病区儿童智力调查及法医学意义

目的探讨燃煤污染型氟中毒病区8～12岁儿童智力水平及其与染氟量之间的关系,为慢性氟中毒致中枢神经损伤的相关研究提供人群数据资料,为氟病区人群智力残疾鉴定提供修正参考值。方法采用《中国修订韦氏学龄期儿童智力量表(WISC-CR)》测试99名8～12岁小学生(包括氟斑牙组55人,对照组44人)的智力水平,比较氟斑牙组与对照组儿童智力水平差异,并对染氟儿童智力水平与染氟量之间的相关性进行分析。结果氟斑牙组的言语智商(85.64±16.53)、操作智商(94.87±12.73)、总智商(88.51±12.77)均低于对照组(言语智商94.34±16.04、操作智商99.23±12.44、总智商96.64±11.70),其中,两组的言语智商和总智商差异有统计学意义(P=0.002,P=0.01)。氟斑牙组与对照组的言语智商中各项分测验均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。操作智商中各项分测验除积木测验和译码检测外,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论燃煤污染型氟中毒儿童可出现智力损害,对言语智力的损伤较为明显;对患儿进行智力残疾鉴定时,应考虑修正智力评测的结果。     

司法精神病学鉴定为无精神病刑事案例的智力分析

目的研究司法精神病学鉴定中被鉴定为无精神病刑事案件者的智力水平。方法对88例被鉴定为无精神病的刑事案例及89例被鉴定为精神分裂症的刑事案例的智力测验结果进行对比分析。结果无精神病组与精神分裂症组的性别、年龄、文化、职业、婚姻及案件类型的构成差异无统计学意义;无精神病组的智力测验成绩显著优于精神分裂症组但低于正常水平(常模);自称有精神病或否认有精神病案例间智商的差异无统计学意义。结论无精神病案例的智力测验结果反映这类被鉴定人的智力有轻微受损。     

车祸致颅脑外伤儿童的智力特点分析

目的探讨颅脑外伤的儿童智力特点。方法对43例因车祸导致颅脑外伤儿童和50名正常儿童的韦氏智力测验结果进行比较。结果车祸致颅脑外伤儿童的智力水平普遍下降,其总智商、言语智商和操作智商均显著低于正常对照组,弥漫性颅脑损伤对智力的损伤最大。结论颅脑外伤儿童智力水平普遍下降,弥漫性颅脑损伤对智商的损伤最大。     

Counseling services for battered women: a comparison of outcomes for physical and sexual assault survivors

Approximately 15% of married or cohabiting women and as many as 60% of battered women are raped at least once by their partners. This study compared community-based counseling outcomes of battered women with outcomes of women who were both raped and battered by their partners. Over time, both groups improved in wellbeing and coping. Although those both battered and raped progressed more in counseling, they had lower scores before and after counseling compared to women who were battered only. Implications for research and intervention are discussed.     

精神病人限定刑事责任能力评定量表在精神发育迟滞违法者中的运用

目的探讨精神病人限定刑事责任能力评定量表（Diminished Criminal Responsibility Rating Scale,DCRRS）在精神发育迟滞违法者司法鉴定中的运用。方法多中心收集121例被评定为限定刑事责任能力的精神发育迟滞违法者资料,完成量表评定,同时将限定刑事责任能力进行小部分、部分、大部分三级划分。结果小部分组、部分组、大部分组量表评定总分的平均分依次升高,分别为22.12±4.69、25.50±5.48、27.59±5.69,差异具有统计学意义;量表中17个条目的评定分与总分相关,相关系数0.289～0.665;因子分析得到6个因子,能解释69.392%变异。结论DCRRS内部构建合理,在精神发育迟滞者司法鉴定中,其评定总分能在一定程度上反映三级限定刑事责任能力之间的差异。     

Are the mentally retarded and learning disordered overrepresented among sex offenders and paraphilics?

A sample of 2,286 male sex offenders and paraphilics and 241 nonsex offenders was evaluated for the prevalence of mental retardation and learning disorders, using the full Wechsler IQ scales. The sex offenders were generally of average intelligence, and the mentally retarded were not overrepresented among them, but the learning disordered were. There were no differences among sex offenders and controls in overall IQ or in the percentage of mentally retarded or learning-disordered cases, suggesting that the learning difficulties are not peculiar to sex offenders. There was a bias in referral source, with more mentally retarded, borderline-retarded, and/or learning-disordered cases being referred by the Children's Aid Society, prisons, and the Crown, suggesting that referral source may play a significant role in evaluating intelligence and mental retardation among sex offenders; but the overrepresentation of learning disorders among criminals appears to be a significant phenomenon, regardless of referral source.     

Differences in personality and mental state between suspects and witnesses immediately after being interviewed by the police

Abstract

There is increased recognition that people interviewed by the police are often psychologically vulnerable due to modest intelligence, mental health problems, disturbed mental state, and personality problems. The current study aimed to investigate differences in the mental state and personality between suspects and witnesses. The participants were 78 individuals (47 suspects and 31 witnesses) who had been interviewed by the Icelandic police. They were assessed psychologically immediately after the interview with the police was completed. Significant differences emerged between the two groups with the suspects being more depressed, hopeless, compliant and personality disordered than the witnesses. Four of the suspects claimed to have made a false confession to the police due to their immediate need or psychological problems.     

Mental sets in conduct problem youth with psychopathic features: Entity versus incremental theories of intelligence

The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of a motivational intervention on conduct problem youth with psychopathic features. Specifically, the current study examined conduct problem youths' mental set (or theory) regarding intelligence (entity vs. incremental) upon task performance. We assessed 36 juvenile offenders with psychopathic features and tested whether providing them with two different messages regarding intelligence would affect their functioning on a task related to academic performance. The study employed a MANOVA design with two motivational conditions and three outcomes including fluency, flexibility, and originality. Results showed that youth with psychopathic features who were given a message that intelligence grows over time, were more fluent and flexible than youth who were informed that intelligence is static. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of originality. The implications of these findings are discussed including the possible benefits of interventions for adolescent offenders with conduct problems and psychopathic features. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).     

Perceptions of control,depressive symptomatology,and self-esteem of women in transition from abusive relationships

The relation between women’s histories of experiencing violence and current psychological health were examined. Locus of control, feelings of personal power, depressive symptomatology, self-esteem, and judgments of control over a contingently responsive computer display were investigated in groups of 21 abused women and 18 comparison women. Within the sample of abused women, relationships between severity of abuse and the psychological variables were also examined. The group of abused women had lower beliefs in self-efficacy, were more depressed, and had lower self-esteem than the comparison women. There were no differences found, however, between the two groups in perceptions of control on the computer task. Severity of physical abuse among the abused women was positively correlated with depression scores. Verbal abuse was found to contribute significantly to many of the between-group differences. Empirical evidence of the positive impact of transition house residence on the abused women’s mental health was also presented. The importance of future research into both the differential effects of verbal and physical abuse on women and the role of the transition house in empowering abused women were discussed.     

210例司法精神病学鉴定案例分析

作者对210例司法精神病学鉴定案例进行分析。该组刑事案例以凶杀居首位,被鉴定人以患精神分裂症为多。鉴定结论评为无责任能力者占41.6％。案件中受害者以精神发育迟缓、正处于发病期的精神分裂症或情感性精神病的女性患者(78.4％)被奸污为多。经随访司法部门的最后处理结果和我们的鉴定结论意见较为一致。     

道路交通事故轻度精神伤残者智能损害评定

目的探索道路交通事故轻度精神伤残者智能损害评定方法和价值。方法通过分析智商测定在轻度精神伤残者评定中的运用,探索智商测定在轻度精神伤残者智能损害评定中的运用价值。结果不同性质颅脑损伤组间不同智能损害程度构成比有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;量表智商与颅脑损伤性质有关（P〈0.05）,除继发全面性与继发局部性损害（P〈0.05）、继发局部性与混合性损害之间（P〈0.01）有统计学差异外,其余各组两两之间均无统计学差异;不同颅脑损伤程度组间不同智能损害程度构成比无统计学差异;量表智商与颅脑损伤程度呈负相关（P〈0.01）,除中型与重型损伤之间无统计学差异外,其余各组两两之间均具有统计学差异;智能损害程度、量表智商均与精神伤残等级呈正相关（P〈0.01）;量表智商并非评价智能损害的唯一指标,智能损害也并非精神伤残唯一的构成因素。结论智商测定对评价智能损害与精神伤残具有一定参考价值,精神伤残评定需根据颅脑损伤性质与程度、智能损害或精神障碍程度以及生活、社会功能状况综合评定。     

The death-qualified jury and the defense of insanity

We predicted that people who are excluded from serving on juries in capital cases due to their opposition to the death penalty (excludable subjects) tend to place a greater value on the preservation of due process guarantees than on efficient crime control, and therefore are more likely to accept an insanity defense in criminal cases than are people who are permitted to serve on capital juries (death-qualified subjects). Subjects who had previously been classified as death-qualified or excludable read four summaries of cases in which the defendant entered a plea of insanity, and made judgments of guilt or innocence. In the two cases involving nonorganic disorders (schizophrenia), death-qualified subjects were significantly more likely than excludable subjects to vote guilty; in the two cases involving organic disorders (mental retardation and psychomotor epilepsy), there were no differences between the two groups. In addition, excludable subjects gave significantly higher estimates than death-qualified subjects of the proportion of defendants pleading insanity who really are insane.