Chelating resin-based extraction of DNA from dental pulp and sex determination from incinerated teeth with Y-chromosomal alphoid repeat and short tandem repeats

A procedure utilizing Chelex 100, chelating resin, was adapted to extract DNA from dental pulp. The procedure was simple and rapid, involved no organic solvents, and did not require multiple tube transfers. The extraction of DNA from dental pulp using this method was as efficient, or more so, than using proteinase K and phenol-chloroform extraction. In this study, the Chelex method was used with amplification and typing at Y-chromosomal loci to determine the effects of temperature on the sex determination of the teeth. The extracted teeth were incinerated in a dental furnace for 2 minutes at 100 degrees C, 200 degrees C, 300 degrees C, 400 degrees C, and 500 degrees C. After the isolation of DNA from the dental pulp by the Chelex method, alphoid repeats, and short tandem repeats, the human Y chromosome (DYZ3), DYS19, SYS389, DYS390, and DYS393 could be amplified and typed in all samples incinerated at up to 300 degrees C for 2 minutes. The DYS389 locus in some samples could not be amplified at 300 degrees C for 2 minutes. An autopsy case is described in which genotypings of DYS19, DYS390, and DYS393 from dental pulp obtained from a burned body were needed. The data presented in this report suggest that Chelex 100-based DNA extraction, amplification, and typing are possible in burned teeth in forensic autopsy cases.     

Personal identification using Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats from bodily fluids mixed with semen

The male-specific, human Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are very useful in forensic analysis. The authors report a sexual crime case in which the direct Y-STR haplotype analysis of several mixtures of various bodily fluids including semen was very effective for identifying the perpetrator of the crime. The typing of three Y-STRs (DYS19, DYS389II, and DYS390) could be detected from the mixed DNA of sperm and female cells in the victim's vagina, vaginal orifice, and anus. These haplotypes originated from one man and matched those of the suspect. Accordingly, the combination of direct extraction of DNA and Y-STR haplotype analysis is considered to be very useful for mixtures of bodily fluids, including semen or other male cells.     

Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in Macedonian population samples

Eleven Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439 were typed in DNA samples from Macedonian population (n = 150).     

Development of a 24-plex Y chromosomal STR loci typing system

Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci can play important roles in forensic casework and paternity testing. In our paper, 24-plex Y-STR typing system, which includes 3 loci (DYS635 and DYS385a/b) existed in current widely available commercial kits and 21 additional loci (DYS531, DYS630, DYS622, DYS552, DYS510, DYS449, DYS459a/b, DYS446, DYS443, DYS587, DYS527a/b, DYS460, Y-GATA-A10, DYS520, DYS557, DYS522, DYS481, DYS570, DYS444) was established with 5-dye fluorescence labeling. 200 unrelated Chinese Han males were successfully genotyped with the system and 198 haplotypes were observed. The gene diversity of each locus ranged from 0.55 (DYS531) to 0.96 (DYS385a/b), the haplotype of diversity was 0.9998 for these 24 Y-STR loci. The established 24-plex Y-STR typing system is proved to be stable and efficient in forensic DNA typing.     

Male DNA typing from 25-year-old vaginal swabs using Y chromosomal STR polymorphisms in a retrial request case.

We report here the application of Y chromosomal DNA analysis in a retrial request case, raised officially by Sapporo High Court, Japan, of a condemned criminal whose capital punishment has been suspended. DNA was extracted from mixed seminal/vaginal secretion stains collected 25 years ago from two raped and murdered victims, and Y chromosome STR loci (DYS19, 390, 393, YCAII) were amplified and sequenced to clarify the DNA type of the rapist. Alkaline proteinase and sodium hydroxide were used before phenol/chloroform extraction to achieve high quality DNA from very old samples. In addition, amplified fragments of DYS19, DYS390, and DYS393 were sequenced using an automated DNA sequencer. Four Y STR DNA types detected from vaginal swabs were found identical to those of the accused criminal and confirmed that the two rape and murder cases had been committed by the same person. Sapporo High Court accepted the results and rejected the retrial request in February 1998.     

Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in Berber and Arabic-speaking populations from Morocco

Twelve Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS388, DYS426 and DYS439 were typed in Berber-speaking (n=49) and Arabic-speaking (n=60) population samples from Morocco.     

Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in Sicily

Eight Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs)-DYS19, DYS389-I, DYS389-II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393 and DYS385-were typed in a population sample (n=255) of unrelated Sicilian males from nine different towns on the main island and from the island of Pantelleria.     

Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in an Albanian population sample

Eight Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), DYS19, DYS389-I, DYS389-II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393 and DYS385, were typed in a population sample (n=101) of first-generation Albanian immigrants living in Italy.     

Allele frequencies and haplotypes of 8 Y-chromosomal STRs in the Santa Catarina population of southern Brazil

Allele frequencies and haplotypes of eight Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), DYS19, DYS385, DYS389 I, DYS389 II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393 were determined in a sample of 109 males from Santa Catarina. The origin of this southern Brazilian population is mainly from Portuguese people, namely from Azores archipelago.     

Development of a new 17 Y-STRs system using fluorescent-labelled universal primers and its application in Shanxi population in China

Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) polymorphisms are useful in forensic identification, population genetics and constructing of human structures. Increasing the number of Y-STRs and their polymorphism will drastically narrow down the matching number of genealogy populations or pedigrees when searching against a forensic DNA databank. In this study, we develop a system containing 17 complementary Y-STRs that are compatible and reinforce the current commercially available Y-STR kits. This system was constructed by multiplex PCR with expected size of 126bp-400bp using home-made universal primers labeled by different fluorescence (DYS715, DYS709, DYS716, DYS713, DYS607, DYS718, DYS723, DYS708, DYS714, DYS712, DYS717, DYS721, DYS605, DYS719, DYS726, DYS598 and DYS722). The genetic data were obtained from 394 individuals in Shanxi province, China. The Y-STR system has 131 haplotypes and high discrimination power is 1. In conclusion, our study provides a robust, sensitive and cost-effective genotyping method for human identification, which is beneficial for narrowing the searching scope when applying to the genealogy searching with Y-STR DNA databank.     

Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in Kalmyk population samples

Seventeen Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385ab, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, GATA-H4, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 were typed in DNA samples from the Kalmyk population (n=99). The population is characterized by a high proportion of duplicated DYS19 alleles and deletions of the locus DYS448 on the background of the Central Asian haplogroup C*. AMOVA analysis reveals a close vicinity to Mongolian and Kazakh populations and large genetic distance to geographical neighbours from Russia, Ukraine and the Caucasus.     

Haplotype frequencies and population data of nine Y-chromosomal STR polymorphisms in a German and a Chinese population

Y-chromosomal STR loci are of increasing interest in paternity testing, forensic casework, anthropological and evolutionary studies. We participate in a cooperation to establish an international reference database of at least nine Y-chromosomal STR loci to be used for biostatistic calculations. We present frequency distributions of nine Y-chromosome specific STR polymorphisms and frequencies of compound haplotypes in two populations. We chose the loci DYS393, DYS19, DYS392, DYS385I, DYS385II, DYS390, DYS391 and DYS389I and II. Blood samples were taken from 136 unrelated male individuals from Cologne (Germany) and of 63 unrelated males from Chengdu (Sichuan Province, PR China). DNA was extracted by a salting out procedure or chelex extraction. PCR was carried out in two multiplex reactions. Fragment analysis was conducted on an ALF- or ALF-express sequencer. Frequency profiles of the German men showed no significant differences compared to most European populations. Mean exclusion chances were between 0.44 for DYS393 and 0.94 for DYS385. Haplotype diversity for the complete haplotype was 86.66% in Germans and 98% in Chinese. The Chinese men showed for all analysed loci except for DYS389I and DYS390 remarkably different allele distributions.     

DNA profiling of azoospermic semen samples from vasectomized males by using Y-PLEX 6 amplification kit

Post-vasectomized azoospermic semen samples (N = 6) were analyzed for short tandem repeats (STR) on the Y-chromosome by using Y-PLEX 6 and the 310 Genetic Analyzer. We have observed a wide variation in the yield of extracted DNA from 12.5-1,000 ng. This variation was attributed to the number of epithelial and/or white blood cells that are present in these azoospermic samples. DNA profiles of these vasectomized males were obtained for all six Y-STR loci, namely DYS393, DYS 19, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, and DYS385 amplified by using the Y-PLEX 6.     

A Peruvian population study of eight Y-chromosome STR loci

We have analyzed the distribution of the allele frequencies and haplotypes at eight Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci (DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS460, DYS461, GATA A10, GATA C4 and GATA H4) in a sample population of 87 unrelated individuals from Perú.     

Polymorphism and haplotype study of Y-chromosomal multi-STRs loci in Han population in Guangzhou

Using polymerase chain reaction and silver stain, polymorphism and haplotype study of Y-chromosomal multi-STRs loci: DYS19, DYS389I/II, DYS390 were studied. 111 samples of male were collected from Guangzhou area. 5 alleles were determined in DYS19 locus, 4 alleles in DYS389I locus, 5 alleles in DYS389II locus and 5 alleles in DYS390 locus. Compared with other racial populations, differences of distribution of allele frequencies existed significantly. 72 haplotype were present in this study.     

Validation and uses of a Y-chromosome STR 10-plex for forensic and paternity laboratories

Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) provide valuable information in cases of rape and questioned paternity, and they allow for the genetic identification of male lineages. The present study validated a Y-STR 10-plex on the ABI PRISM 3100 Genetic Analyzer for use in forensic and paternity laboratories at Orchid Cellmark. Following optimization of the polymerase chain reaction, father-son pairs were analyzed to ensure that each pair generated identical haplotypes. This study demonstrated that the 10-plex is sensitive to 0.125 ng of input DNA and that female samples mixed with male samples did not interfere with Y-STR haplotyping. In a sample of 525 males, there were three instances of locus multiplication, two at DYS19 and one at DYS435. Overall, haplotype diversity was 0.996, suggesting that the 10-plex can effectively distinguish among male lineages.     

Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in Inuit and Danish population samples

Nineteen Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), DYS19, DYS389-I, DYS389-II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS388, DYS434, DYS435, DYS436, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS460, DYS461 and DYS462 were typed in Inuit (n=70) and Danish (n=62) population samples.     

广州地区汉族人群Y染色体多个STR位点的研究

为建立一套高度多态且实用性强的Ｙ－ＳＴＲｓ标记系统,本文用ＰＣＲ结合银染显色技术研究了１１１例广州汉族男性ＤＹＳ１９、ＤＹＳ３８９Ⅰ／Ⅱ、ＤＹＳ３９０等位基因及单倍型分布状况。结果显示：广州地区汉族男性ＤＹＳ１９位点有Ａ１、Ａ２、Ａ３、Ａ４、Ａ５五种等位基因,出现频率分别为１８．９％、３６．０％、３６．０％、７．２％、１．８％;ＤＹＳ３８９Ⅰ位点有Ｂ１、Ｂ２、Ｂ３、Ｂ４四种等位基因,出现频率分别为６．３％、５２．２％、１７．１％、２４．３％;ＤＹＳ３８９Ⅱ位点有Ｃ１、Ｃ２、Ｃ３、Ｃ４、Ｃ５五种等位基因,出现频率分别为１１．７％、３８．７％、２２．５％、１７．１％、９．９％,ＤＹＳ３９０位点有Ｄ１、Ｄ２、Ｄ３、Ｄ４、Ｄ５五种等位基因,出现频率分别为２．７％、９．９％、４６．８％、２７．９％、１２．６％;χ２检验表明上述各等位基因分布存在明显的地域差异。此外,还观察到７２种由上述座位共同构成的单倍型,单倍型多样性达０．９８０,表明该系统具有较强的个体识别能力     

Population genetics for Y-chromosomal STRs haplotypes of Chinese Tujia ethnic group

Allele and haplotype frequencies of 11 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) included in the PowerPlex^® Y Systems (Promega) were determined in a sample of 215 unrelated healthy male individuals of Chinese Tujia ethnic group living in Chongqing (Southwest of China). The gene diversity values of the Y-STRs loci ranged from 0.3757(DYS391) to 0.9170 (DYS385a/b). A total of 195 haplotypes were identified in the Y-STR loci, among which 180 were unique, 11 were found in two individuals, 3 were shared in three individuals and 1 was shared in four individuals. The observed haplotype diversity value and discrimination capacity were 0.9942 and 0.9070, respectively.