Tracking plant, fungal, and bacterial DNA in honey specimens

Consuming honey can result in adverse effects owing to poisoning by bacterial (botulism) or plant toxins. We have devised a method to extract polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifiable DNA of up to c. 400 bp in length based on dialysis of a 15-mL honey sample for 18 h against deionized water followed by sequential extraction using phenol, phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol, chloroform/isoamyl alcohol, and ether. Sequence analysis of PCR products obtained using "universal" plant, fungal, and bacterial primers targeted to the ribosomal RNA genes has allowed us to identify six different orders of plants (Apiales, Fabales, Asterales, Solanales, Brassicales, and Sapindales), two orders of fungi (Entylomatales and Saccharomycetales), and six orders of bacteria (Sphingomonadales, Burkholderiales, Pseudomonadales, Enterobacteriales, Actinomycetales, and Bifidobacteriales) in a single honey specimen.     

国产磁珠Wawasye试剂盒在法医DNA中应用

目的探讨国产磁珠Wawasye试剂盒在法医DNA检案中的应用效果。方法利用475份各类常见生物检材测试其效果,并与M48磁珠试剂盒作比较。结果国产磁珠Wawasye试剂盒与M48磁珠试剂盒在检验各类常见生物检材的结果无显著性差异。结论国产磁珠Wawasye试剂盒适用于公安机关DNA实验室。     

Current status and prospects for developing chemical-toxicological (forensic chemical) studies in the Russian Federation

The authors discuss modern state and prospects of planning and carrying out research in forensic (toxicological) chemistry within the framework of practical forensic medical expert evaluation, state of forensic medical expert evaluation of alcohol and narcotic intoxication, and other pressing problems of forensic medical expert practice.     

法医DNA检验的现状及发展

DNA检验自被作为证据引入法庭诉讼以来 ,随着科技的发展 ,其检验手段和方法不断更新和完善 ,经历了一个从小到大、从复杂到简单、从手工操作到仪器自动化的发展过程。本文综述了利用DNA推断年龄及DNA提取、检测等方面的新进展。     

The methodological aspects and prospects of using dynamically modified sorbents for the analysis of biological specimens by means of high-performance liquid chromatography]

Published reports and authors' experience gained in high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of dynamically modified adsorbents are reviewed. The advantages of this variant of liquid chromatography are shown: the method is economic and more effective for analysis of mixtures of a complex composition, including biological objects. Examples of mycotoxin, morphine, and other toxicologically significant agents are offered. The method is recommended for wide use in forensic medical expert evaluations.     

石蜡包埋人体组织DNA分型的研究

目的研究石蜡包埋人体组织的DNA提取方法对其STR分型的影响,并建立石蜡包埋组织的DNA提取方法。方法经不同预处理条件后采用Chelex-100法提取石蜡包埋人体组织中的DNA,用不同的反应体系进行STR复合扩增检验。结果经福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋的人体组织直接采用Celex-100法提取DNA与65℃水浴除蜡后采用Celex-100法提取DNA均可获得满意的DNA分型。结论该方法简便易行,实验效果好,适合检案。     

医疗纠纷处理机制的现状研究

医疗纠纷已成为困扰和影响医院正常工作,甚至威胁医护人员安全,扰乱社会和谐的问题。如何公平、公正、合法、高效地处理医疗纠纷已成为目前不容忽视的问题。本文通过协商、行政调解,诉讼和第三方调解等几种目前医疗纠纷处理机制进行分析研究,以求为更好地处理医疗纠纷提供有益的参考。     

基于DNA甲基化推断年龄的研究进展CSCD

年龄推断在刑事侦查及司法鉴定领域具有重要的意义,可以为司法部门提供个体的年龄信息,有助于司法工作的开展。近年来,年龄推断方法已从既往的形态学层面拓展至分子生物学层面。随着以DNA甲基化为代表的表观遗传学的迅速发展,以及DNA甲基化检测技术及检测平台不断提升,许多基于DNA甲基化的生物标记及利用各种生物体液(如血液、血痕、唾液、精斑等)的年龄推断方法不断发展。目前,基于DNA甲基化推断年龄的相关研究较多,本文对该方面的研究进行归纳总结,希望能为相关研究和法医学应用提供参考。     

探讨EOS染色剂对血迹DNA检验的影响

目的探讨被EOS染色剂处理后的血迹进行DNA检验的初步方法。方法制备EOS染色剂处理的血迹样本,分别采取纯水擦拭、75％酒精擦拭,或手术刀刮取血痕浸泡于纯水中、759／5酒精中,然后提取DNA进行下一步检测。结果采用刀刮取血痕浸泡于759／6酒精中,提取的DNA检测结果较好。结论初步实验显示,经EOS染色剂处理过的血迹,可参考刀刮取血迹置于75％酒精浸泡后提取DNA做下一步检测。     

The difficult issue of age assessment on pedo-pornographic material

The issue of juvenile pornography has seen an increase in the past few years of the number of expert opinions requested to forensic pathologists, paediatricians and other various experts within the forensic and medical fields concerning the age of represented individuals. Regardless of the entity of the problem, no actual method exists which can allow us to give an objective and scientific answer, particularly in the postpubertal stage. Using parameters related to sexual maturation can be very dangerous. Nonetheless some experts still insist with similar types of “expertises”. This study aims at verifying the ability of different experts in assessing age of postpubertal individuals represented in pornographic material. Results underline the difficulties and major uncertainties of age evaluation by visual observation of photographic material particularly when the subjects have reached the sexual maturation stage – and therefore in verifying whether the individual is above or below 18 years of age (an important age limit for most European countries as far as this type of crime is concerned). Furthermore the study stresses the need both to search for an alternate approach and to apply extreme caution in judicial evaluation.     

线粒体DNA研究进展

人类细胞内存在两套基因组,一套是细胞核内的基因组,即核DNA(nuclear DNA,nDNA);另一套是位于细胞质线粒体内的基因组,即线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA).由于线粒体在生命活动中的重要作用及其基因组自身特点,使得mtDNA在细胞遗传学、分子遗传学、发育遗传学和法庭科学等领域受到了广泛重视.     

Identification of members of the genera Panaeolus and Psilocybe by a DNA test. A preliminary test for hallucinogenic fungi

Abuse of hallucinogens produced by the fungal genera Psilocybe and Panaeolus are a growing problem. Five species from each of the two genera were examined in this preliminary research and a method that will unambiguously identify fungal samples as being of one of these two genera has been developed. The method uses genus specific DNA sequences within the Internal Transcribed Spacer of the ribosomal gene complex. Amplification of a common DNA product and a genus specific product results in two identifiable products, which facilitates the unambiguous identification of material from these two fungi to generic level.     

线粒体DNA研究进展

人类细胞内存在两套基因组 ,一套是细胞核内的基因组 ,即核ＤＮＡ(ｎｕｃｌｅａｒＤＮＡ ,ｎＤＮＡ) ;另一套是位于细胞质线粒体内的基因组 ,即线粒体ＤＮＡ(ｍｉｔｏｃｈｏｎｄｒｉａｌＤＮＡ ,ｍｔＤＮＡ)。由于线粒体在生命活动中的重要作用及其基因组自身特点 ,使得ｍｔＤＮＡ在细胞遗传学、分子遗传学、发育遗传学和法庭科学等领域受到了广泛重视。一、线粒体ＤＮＡ概述(一 )线粒体ＤＮＡ的结构线粒体ＤＮＡ呈闭环双链结构 ,由 16 5 6 9ｂｐ组成 ,外环为重 (Ｈ)链 ,内环为轻 (Ｌ)链 ,两条链都有编码功能[1] ,共含有 37个基因。ｍｔＤＮ…     

单个细胞DNA样本的制备及其在灵敏度分析中的应用研究

目的建立一种用于高精确灵敏度分析的微量DNA样本制备方法。方法用显微捕获技术制备以细胞为单位的DNA样本,并用于ProfilerPlus试剂盒及ABI310遗传分析仪的灵敏度测试。结果建立了单细胞捕获操作方案,成功制备了依次含1～11个细胞的一组DNA分析样本,并可准确用于ProfilerPlus誖试剂盒及ABI310遗传分析仪的灵敏度研究。结论基于显微操作技术的高精确微量DNA分析样本制备方法可准确用于分析技术方法的灵敏度研究     

IgE死后生化学检测的研究现状及应用展望

过敏性休克导致死亡的案例在法医学实践中常有发生,然而由于缺少特异的病理形态学指征,导致过敏性休克死亡的法医学鉴定面临一定的困难。IgE作为介导I型超敏反应的关键介质,其死后生化学检测对过敏性休克死亡案例的法医学鉴定具有辅助作用。但在实际应用中,血液等检材常受溶血等死后变化因素影响,尤其我国尸体保存以冷冻为主,溶血程度更加严重,对IgE等生化学指标的检测造成极大干扰。本文就目前IgE死后生化学检测的研究现状、生物学检材的选取及检测方法进行综述,并对现实应用中所面临的问题进行探讨。     

Comparison of DNA typing using AmpFlSTR Yfiler and PowerPlex Y System,for specimens subject to very long storage

We performed DNA typing from blood stains stored at room temperature for 22–30 years, using AmpFlSTR Yfiler PCR amplification Kit and PowerPlex Y System to extract and amplify the DNA and performing electrophoresis with an ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer. We identified alleles using GeneMapper ID v3.2.1 software. We found that long-term storage tended to reduce the number of detectable loci in the blood stains and that it was easier to detect the loci of smaller amplicons than larger amplicons.