论我国政府治理变革中NGO发展的路径选择

社会中介组织（NGO）在政府治理变革过程中发挥着纠正政府失灵和市场失灵、调整社会关系、促进社会稳定、推动政府职能转变、提供杜会公共服务的作用。然而，当前我国社会中介组织发展中存在职能错位、行为失范、行政干预遏多、管理制度不健全、缺乏足够的社会基础等问题。因而，当前宜从培育健康的社会中介组织体系、强化对社会中介组织的综合管理和社会监督、推进社会中介组织管理制度改革、理顺政府与社会中介组织的关系、加强和加快社会中介组织的法制建设、加强社会中介组织的人力资源开发和建设等方面入手术发展我国社会中介组织。     

加入WTO后我国社会中介组织的新发展与政府角色的转变

在建立和完善市场经济体制过程中,尤其是在经济全球化过程中和中国加入WTO后,作为市场机制运行的一个重要主体的社会中介组织,所发挥的作用越来越大.面对新的生存环境,社会中介组织的服务、沟通、协调、监督等作用和职能也有了新的内容.为了充分发挥社会中介组织的作用,政府部门必须退出中介市场,重新定位角色,尽快完成从社会中介组织的兴办者到监督者的角色转换.     

加人WTO后我国社会中介组织的新发展与政府角色的转变

在建立和完善市场经济体制过程中,尤其是在经济全球化过程中和中国加入WTO后,作为市场机制运行的一个重要主体的社会中介组织,所发挥的作用越来越大.面对新的生存环境,社会中介组织的服务、沟通、协调、监督等作用和职能也有了新的内容.为了充分发挥社会中介组织的作用,政府部门必须退出中介市场,重新定位角色,尽快完成从社会中介组织的兴办者到监督者的角色转换.     

加入WTO后我国社会中介组织的新发展与政府角色的转变

在建立和完善市场经济体制过程中,尤其是在经济全球化过程中和中国加入WTO后,作为市场机制运行的一个重要主体的社会中介组织,所发挥的作用越来越大。面对新的生存环境,社会中介组织的服务、沟通、协调、监督等作用和职能也有了新的内客。为了充分发挥社会中介组织的作用,政府部门必须退出中介市场,重新定位角色,尽快完成从社会中介组织的兴办者到监督者的角色转换。     

政府对社会中介组织的管理

社会中介组织是在社会主义市场经济的发育过程中,在社会结构的整合中出现的新的组织形式,它是政府与市场经济主体之间调控系统的重要组成部分。本文对社会中介组织产生背景进行分析,政府对社会中介组织的管理机制和管理模式进行探讨,指出二者形成良性互动的发展方向。     

社会中介组织与我国政治发展探析

社会中介组织在我国政治发展中的作用日益突出。本文从对利益的分析入手,阐述了多元利益格局的形成及社会中介组织的发展现状,并对转型期社会中介组织怎样积极介入政治过程,在我国的政治稳定和政治发展中发挥重要作用进行了深入探索。     

建立健全中介组织应对“入世”挑战

在建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制过程中,尤其是在经济全球化过程中和中国“入世”之后,作为市场机制运行一个重要主体的社会中介组织,所发挥的作用越来越大。但是,目前我国中介组织的发展还存在不少问题,中介服务远远不能适应“入世”的需要。对此,必须要通过整顿、改革,加强对中介组织的监管,建立一种适应社会主义市场经济发展要求,符合国际惯例,独立客观、公正执业和管理规范的社会中介组织运行机制。     

政治倾向性中介组织管理研究

实践证明,正确地认识和恰当地引导政治倾向性中介组织的发展是很有必要的,政治倾向性中介组织会给国家的稳定和发展带来正面或负面甚至是灾难性的影响。政治倾向性中介组织具有组织构成(人员)的复杂性、特殊的公共性、相对的独立性、模糊的政治性和鲜明的利益性等特征,这就需要政府在对其的管理中扮演相应的角色,即总设计师角色、守夜人与警察的双重角色、家长的角色,但是当前政府在这些方面存在缺陷,需要对其角色定位进行重新矫正。     

论社会中介组织对中国社会发展的影响

中国社会正在经历着一个渐进的改革过程。在这个大的改革背景下,中国的社会中介组织也注定是一个渐变的过程。在这个过程中,政府与中介组织之间相互的行为与作用决定了改革的过程。随着市场日益完善和社会中介组织的日益发展,使得其对政府的全面控制能力提出挑战和替代成为可能,尤其在公共服务领域。经过了20多年的改革,社会的组织结构发生了深刻的变化,各类社会中介组织以前所未有的速度和规模发展起来,在数量和种类大大发展的同时,其组织独立性明显增强而合法性也日益得到确认,在中国社会中承担着越来越多的功能和职责,也成为人们在日常生活中越来越直接和频繁地与之接触或交往的对象。因此,中国的社会中介组织将同政府部门和市场部门一起,直接决定着21世纪里整个人类社会的发展状况,从而也将直接决定着整个中国社会在新世纪里的发展。     

发展社会中介组织是促进政府职能转变的关键

本文从促进政府职能转变的角度,对发展社会中介组织的必要性、目前社会中介组织存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了发展和完善社会中介组织的若干对策.     

Corporatism and Social Trust: Bringing Voluntary Organizations ‘Back In’

Abstract

In analyses of the sources of social trust, it has been found that voluntary organizations have no effect upon it. Such analyses have overlooked the role of civil society organizations as intermediary structures between the citizen and the state. This article explores how organizations, linked together in corporatist networks, help generate trust. Two mechanisms for this are pointed out. First, in societies with strong corporatist networks conflicts between employers and employees are perceived as less strong than in societies with weak corporatist networks. Second, as societies with strong corporatist networks also are more egalitarian, conflicts between rich and poor are also perceived as less pronounced than in societies with weak corporatist networks. This analysis provides definite indications that the perception of conflicts between workers and managers, and the perception of conflicts between rich and poor are intermediary variables between corporatism and social trust, and thus supports the hypothesis that voluntary organizations, through corporatist networks of negotiation and coordination, contribute to the growth of social trust.     

我国中介服务业发展中的问题及对策研究

中介服务业作为市场经济的重要组成部分，在国民经济发展中发挥着重要的作用。本分析了我国中介服务业目前存在的主要问题，如官办中介大量存在、诚信度低、执业资格审查混乱、相关的法律不健全、规模小、业务品种单一、人员素质不高等，并就这些问题提出了一些建议性对策。     

Taking Nonprofit Intermediaries Seriously: A Middle‐Range Theory for Implementation Research

The federal government often works through nonprofit intermediaries to reach and empower communities in the United States. One increasingly popular policy strategy is to offer grant funding to intermediary organizations in an effort to strengthen communities. Funded intermediaries are tasked with building the capacity of faith‐based and community organizations at the local level, but the policy theory that informs these programs does not specify how these capacity‐building efforts will lead to stronger communities. Missing is a middle‐range implementation theory that links inputs to community‐level changes through the actions of an intermediary. Derived from empirical case study evidence using process‐tracing analysis, the theory of the community‐integrated intermediary posited in this article helps fill that gap.     

发达国家大城市危机管理中的社会参与机制

在西方发达国家大城市危机管理实践中,政府和社会、公共部门和私人部门之间的良好合作,普通公民、工商企业组织、社会中介组织在危机管理中的高度参与,已经成为一个中心的事实。本文从城市应急文化的塑造、社区应急机制、志愿者组织的应急功能和城市应急管理中的公私伙伴合作关系等几个方面,探讨了现代发达国家大城市危机管理过程中社会组织和普通公民的参与机制,试图解析西方发达国家大城市危机管理系统中的全社会型危机管理网络的具体运作机制。     

State-led bricolage and the extension of collective governance: Hybridity in the Swiss skill formation system

This paper explores the extension of collective governance to sectors without collective governance tradition. We introduce the concept of state-led bricolage to analyze the expansion of the Swiss apprenticeship training system – in which employer associations fulfill core collective governance tasks – to economic sectors in which training had previously followed a school-based and state-oriented logic. In deindustrializing societies, these sectors are key for the survival of collectively governed training systems. Through a mixed-methods analysis, we examine the reform process that led to the creation of new intermediary organizations that enable collective governance in these sectors. In addition, we compare the organizational features of these organizations with the respective organizations in the traditional crafts and industry sectors. We find that the new organizations result from state-led bricolage. They are hybrid organizations that reflect some of the bricoleur's core policy goals and critically build on the combination of associational and state-oriented institutional logics.     

Community development intermediary systems in the United States: Origins,evolution, and functions

Abstract

Acting between the forceful capital market and the state, community development intermediaries are finding ways to assist resource‐poor community development organizations to increase production volume and to gain access to a wider capital and political market.

This article presents a brief historical review of how the intermediary system originated and how it has evolved into different large‐scale models since the 1960s. The philosophies and programs of three major intermediary organizations—the Local Initiatives Support Corporation, The Enterprise Foundation, and the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation—are considered. The article concludes by recognizing the contributions of intermediaries while raising issues with their accountability and future direction.     

Seeking Life, Finding Justice: Russian NGO litigation and Chechen Disappearances before the European Court of Human Rights

This article presents findings from an interview study of human rights practitioners who assist relatives of the disappeared from Chechnya with their complaints before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). These practitioners work for nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). The study contributes to the scant literature on NGO litigation before the ECtHR and to the social scientific literature on how human rights are actively practiced. It investigates the NGOs?? intermediary position between the ECtHR and the relatives of the disappeared in Chechnya. Consequently, this article asserts that a significant aspect of this position lies in the practitioner??s capacity to mediate between an ambition to externalize local grievances to the ECtHR and the relatives?? hopes that the ECtHR can bring certainty to the uncertain loss of their disappeared relatives. From this position, several dilemmas emerge as to how international legal mechanisms can provide remedies following disappearances.     

Large‐Scale Social Protest: A Business Risk and a Bureaucratic Opportunity

The public versus private nature of organizations influences their goals, processes, and employee values. However, existing studies have not analyzed whether and how the public nature of organizations shapes their responses to concrete social pressures. This article takes a first step toward addressing this gap by comparing the communication strategies of public organizations and businesses in response to large‐scale social protests. Specifically, we conceptualize, theorize, and empirically analyze the communication strategies of 100 organizations in response to large‐scale social protests that took place in Israel during 2011. We find that in response to these protests, public organizations tended to employ a “positive‐visibility” strategy, whereas businesses were inclined to keep a “low public profile.” We associate these different communication strategies with the relatively benign consequences of large‐scale social protests for public organizations compared with their high costs for businesses.     

论社会中介组织对中国社会发展的影响

经过了20多年改革，中国社会的组织结构发生了深刻的变化，各类社会中介组织以前所未有的速度和规模发展起来，在数量和种类大大发展的同时，其组织独立性明显增强而合法性也日益得到确认，在中国社会中承担着越来越多的功能和职责，也成为人们在日常生活中越来越直接和频繁地与之接触或交往的对象。中国的社会中介组织将同政府部门和市场部门一起，直接决定着整个中国社会在新世纪里的发展。