刑讯逼供罪司法认定中的几个问题

正根据刑法第二百四十七条规定,刑讯逼供罪是指司法工作人员对犯罪嫌疑人或者被告人使用肉刑或者变相肉刑逼取口供的行为。刑讯逼供罪严重侵犯公民的人身权利和司法机关的正常活动,不仅使被审讯的人在肉体上、精神上遭受摧残和折磨,而且往往是造成冤假错案的重要原因之一,直接影响司法公正。基于此,2012年3月14日修改后的刑事诉讼法明确规定:"采用刑讯逼供等非法方法收集的犯罪嫌疑人、被告     

试述刑讯逼供的根源及其对策

一、刑讯逼供概念的界定及其危害何谓刑讯逼供？其主体和客体何在？内容包括什么？理论界一直未有统一明晰的界定。有的认为刑讯逼供是“使用肉刑或变相肉刑强迫被告人把供的一种审讯方式一笔者认为此概念对刑讯主体未作界定，客体限于被告人，范围过窄；有的认为刑讯逼供是“在刑诉过程中，追诉者对被追诉者进行讯问时采用肉刑，变相肉刑或精神折磨等方法逼取其供认犯罪的行为”，②笔者认为此定义比前者较为准确，但把刑讯的目的仅限于“逼其供认犯罪”，不妥。因为刑讯的客体除犯罪嫌疑人、被告人外，还可能有被暴力取证的证人；最重要的…     

审计署：六种行为将处罚

最高人民检察院近日公布了《最高人民检察院关于渎职侵权犯罪案件立案标准的规定》。《规定》就42项渎职侵权犯罪的220余种立案情形进行了规定，其中包括了对刑讯逼供罪的八种立案情形。根据《规定》，刑讯逼供罪是指司法工作人员对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人使用肉刑或者变相肉刑逼取口供的行为。涉嫌下列情形之一的，应予立案：以殴打、捆绑、违法使用械具等恶劣手段逼取口供的；以较长时间冻、饿、晒、烤等手段逼取口供，严重损害犯罪嫌疑人、被告人身体健康的；刑讯逼供造成犯罪嫌疑人、被告人轻伤、重伤、死亡的；刑讯逼供，情节严重，导致犯罪嫌疑人、被告人自杀、自残造成重伤、死亡，或者精神失常的；     

禁止刑讯逼供制度建设与措施强化——刑讯逼供问题研究座谈会观点综述

2005年1月29日,中国法学会组织的"刑讯逼供问题研究座谈会"在北京举行,部分刑事法学界专家和公安、检察实务界人士参加了此次会议,与会代表针对刑讯逼供与人权保障的关系、刑讯逼供产生的原因和相应的对策措施等问题展开了深入的研讨。禁止刑讯逼供是尊重和保障人权的必然要求 刑讯逼供,是指司法工作人员对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人使用肉刑或者变相肉刑,逼取口供的行为。作为一种严重侵犯被告人、犯罪嫌疑人合法权益的违法犯罪行为,具有严重的社会危害性,是法律所     

对刑讯逼供及其危害的思考

刑讯逼供是指司法工作人员对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人使用暴力逼取证人证言的行为。刑讯逼供不仅侵犯公民的人身权利,而且损害司法机关的形象,有悖于诉讼文明的司法民主的现代性要求。因此,对刑讯逼供的危害必须有清醒的认识,并给予足够的重视。     

正解刑讯逼供罪

我国《刑法》第247条规定:刑讯逼供罪是指司法人员对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人使用肉刑或变相肉刑逼取口供的行为,犯本罪的处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,致人伤残、死亡的,依照刑法第234条、第232条的规定定罪从重处罚。该条款对刑讯逼供罪的构成要件、量刑幅度、情节、竞合等问题都作了明确规定。但在司法实践中查处此罪时存在的问题颇多,本文仅就其中部     

论“刑讯逼供”的成因及其对策

刑讯逼供是指司法机关工作人员对被告人、犯罪嫌疑人施行肉刑或者变相肉刑以逼取口供的行为。它严重破坏了社会主义法制，损害了党和政府的威信，妨害了司法机关正常活动。因此，对刑讯逼供的由来进行认真地探讨，以求解决之策，并加强同刑讯逼供的违法犯罪行为作斗争，对于维护社会主义法制，保护公民的合法权益和司法机关的正常活动，具有重要意义。     

浅析“犯罪嫌疑人”

根据我国刑法第二百四十七条的规定,刑讯逼供罪的犯罪对象只能是“犯罪嫌疑人”、“被告人”。对立案以后的“犯罪嫌疑人”使用肉刑或者变相肉刑以逼取口供的行为构成刑讯逼供罪,在理论界和司法实践中都没有异议。那么,在立案前对被怀疑实施了犯罪活动的人,使用刑讯逼供的,是否构成刑讯逼供罪?对此存在着两种截然不同的观点,一种观点认为立案前不能称为犯罪嫌疑人,即“立案后说”;另一种观点则认为是犯罪嫌疑人,即“立案前说”。笔者认为,“立案后说”的观点值得商榷,其缺乏法律依据,缺乏足够的说服力,不能成立。首先,从字面上看,“犯罪嫌疑…     

论暴力取证罪罪名的确定及构成特征

暴力取证罪是指司法工作人员使用暴力逼取证人证言的行为。是97刑法典中的新增罪名,其罪名的确定是恰当的,此罪在客体、客观方面,主体、主观方面的特征均有争议,须予以澄清。     

刑讯逼供案的举证责任分配

一、引言 刑讯逼供作为一种有违人权的取证方法,是一项令世界刑事司法界头疼的顽疾,为各国法律所禁止。《世界人权宣言》第5条规定:“对任何人不得加以酷刑,或施以残忍的、不人道的或侮辱的待遇或刑罚。”广义而言,在刑事诉讼过程中,司法工作人员(即追诉者)对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人(即被追诉者)使用肉刑、变相肉刑或精神折磨等方法逼取其供认犯罪(即获取口供)的一切行     

Multiculturalism and the Willingness of Citizens to Defer to Law and to Legal Authorities

A key problem in trying to manage diverse societies is finding social policies that will be acceptable to all individuals and groups. Studies suggest that this problem may not be as intractable as is often believed, since people's acceptance of policies is shaped to an important degree by the fairness of the procedures used by authorities to make policy. When policies are fairly made, they gain widespread support, even among those who may feel that the consequences of the policy for them or their group are undesirable or even unfair. These findings support an optimistic view of the ability of authorities to manage diverse societies. On the other hand, research suggests that the ability of procedural justice to bridge differences among individuals and groups may not be equally strong under all conditions. People's willingness to accept policies is more influenced by procedural justice judgments when they identify with the society that the authorities represent and view them as representing a group of which they are members. They are less influenced by procedural justice judgments when they identify more strongly with subgroups than with society and/or view the authorities as representatives of a group to which they do not belong.     

The tendency of individuals to transfer DNA to handled items

This research investigates factors influencing the transfer of DNA to handled objects and the process known as 'shedding'. Volunteers were recruited to hold sterile plastic tubes using experiments originally designed by Lowe et al. [A. Lowe, C. Murray, J. Whitaker, G. Tully, P. Gill, The propensity of individuals to deposit DNA and secondary transfer of low level DNA from individuals to inert surfaces, Forensic Sci. Int. 129 (2002) 25-34]. Transferred cellular material was collected from the tubes and STR profiles generated using the AmpFlSTR SGM Plus multiplex with 28 and 34 PCR cycles. Volunteers were asked to hold the tubes with each hand, and to participate in a series of handwashing experiments. The DNA profiling results obtained from the transferred skin cells were compared. An attempt was made to characterize the volunteers as 'good' or 'bad' shedders and to establish which, if any, of the experimental variables were associated with 'good' shedding. Our results suggest that many factors significantly influence shedding, including which hand an individual touches an item with and the time that has elapsed since they last washed their hands. We have found that it may be more complicated than previously reported to categorise a person as being either a 'good' or a 'bad' shedder and that if truly 'good' shedders exist they may be significantly rarer than some have estimated. In the current research no 'good' shedders were observed in a group of 60 volunteers. Given these results, it seems that rather than being applied to individual forensic cases, knowledge of shedding characteristics will be most useful in providing general background data for the interpretation of trace DNA evidence.     

Reflexive Adaptation of Business to Regulation and Regulation to Business

Regulatory change is driven by competitive struggle. Regulatees struggle with each other for customers and with regulators to lessen the burden of the rules being enforced. Regulators compete for regulatees and for the confidence of customers and the general public.
Competition among regulators is imperfect. Along with better rules, new entrants must offer reputational capital, financial strength, and recognized enforcement powers. These entry requirements have supported a secular expansion of government suppliers relative to private suppliers. Principal-agent conflicts inherent in representative democracy establish incentives for this expanding sector to produce regulatory services of poor quality. Finding ways to make top government regulators economically accountable for acts of misregulation is a critical problem.     

关于按TRIPS协定的要求改进我国著作权制度的建议

我国正在进行“入世”谈判,并会在不久的将来加入世贸组织。这意味着我国将履行《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》(下称“TRIPS协定”)规定的保护知识产权的义务,其中包括按TRIPS协定的要求改进我国著作权制度的义务。当然,所谓“改进我国著作权制度的义务”,是指改进“对外保护”制度的义务;所谓“改进”,也仅就入世而言,并不是说我国著作权制度在符合TRIPS协定的要求后,就不存在需要进一步解决的其他问题。改进我国著     

允诺禁止反言原则在涉外合同中的适用

<正> 允诺禁止反言原则(promissory estoppel)源于“禁止反言”原则(the doctrine of equitable estoppel)。禁止反言原则是英美法中一项古老的原则,首先在合同领域展露锋芒,之后在保险法、公司法、合伙法和知识产权法等领域均得到广泛适用。在其发展过程中,禁止反言原则不断细化,现已形成允诺禁止反言、误述禁止反言(the doctrine of estoppel by representation)、财产所有人禁止反言(Propertary estoppel)和习惯禁止反言(Estoppel by convention)四种并列形式。允诺禁止反言原则最初以判例形式确立,此后在