企业并购的财务风险与防范

金融动荡掀起了全球企业的并购浪潮,中国企业在这一背景下面临新的机遇,同样也面临较大的风险,尤其是财务风险.规避和防范财务风险,实现企业的成功并购是金融动荡背景下企业发展的重中之重.     

网络民粹主义的风险防范

近年来,随着互联网的普及及其平等性、聚集性等特征的突显,网络成为中国民粹主义的主要阵地。网络民粹主义思潮也是现实生活的延伸或反映。网民采取群起而攻之或非理性恶搞的方式,将怀疑和批评的矛头集中指向知识、权力、财富甚至法律权威。网络民粹主义思潮是一把双刃剑,它在遏制权威、关怀弱势群体的同时,极易造成社会冲突的一面也逐步显现。因此,需要对网络民粹主义思潮的风险加以防范。     

祛魅与超越:新时代网络意识形态风险及其防范

网络空间作为当前意识形态斗争的前沿阵地,是新时代意识形态安全最大的风险源点。由此,网络意识形态风险防范也必然成为意识形态治理的重要内容。要常观大势、常思大局,立足国家安全、政党发展和社会进步的战略高度把握网络意识形态风险防范的重要价值所在。面对意识形态在网络时代呈现出来的技术逻辑下的权力风险、精准推荐下的算法风险、数据迷失下的价值风险,必须重视创新以增强网络意识形态风险防范的主导权与话语权、提高能力以激发网络意识形态风险防范的使命感和责任感、健全机制以打造网络意识形态风险防范的安全网和保障网,从而有效防范网络意识形态风险,维护我国意识形态领域安全和政权安全。     

高校财务内控制度建设与廉政风险防范

廉政风险是当前社会关注的热点问题之一,高校财务内部控制与廉政风险的防范紧密相连、相辅相成。当前,高校财务内控管理主要存在着内控观念及财务廉政风险意识淡薄、内控系统不健全、财务监督力度不够、信息化与数据化管理手段落后等问题。健全和完善高校财务内控制度,积极防控高校廉政风险,应综合廉政风险的特点和表现形式,不断完善财务内控体系;全面梳理高校财务内控流程图和风险控制点,及时更新信息化与现代化管理手段;进一步完善监督机制,提高财务内控制度的执行力。     

风险与防范：新形势下我国意识形态安全的建构进路

当今社会,基于数字技术与互联网技术迅猛发展,人们的生活方式尤其是交往方式发生质的变化,全球间经济、政治、文化关联也不断增强,既为经济社会发展提供了有利契机,也为国家安全尤其是意识形态安全带来巨大风险,如西方敌对势力渗透加剧、网络意识形态风险凸显、社会突发事件蔓延演变加剧等突出挑战。究其原因,既有意识形态斗争本质上是制度之争这样的根本性原因,也有网络信息技术存在落差、意识形态工作有待强化等现实因素。因此,新形势下要不断优化对外传播话语体系、强化主流意识形态构建、构筑意识形态安全底线,全力维护国家意识形态安全。     

网络财务信息系统的风险与控制

网络技术的发展,使原来封闭的局域网财务信息系统被推上开放的互联网世界。网络财务信息系统给企业带来利益的同时也给企业带来风险,需要在分析其风险的基础上,实施有效的风险控制。     

国际化进程中人才安全及其风险防范的对策研究

人才安全及其风险防范，是新形势下伴随人才在全球范围内流动而出现的新问题。本文在全面分析这一问题的国际背景、现实挑战和地位作用的基础上，论述了“人才安全战略是国家整体安全战略的核心”的观点，提出，中国人才安全战略要以有效保护中国人才资源为根本目标，充分体现社会主义的价值取向，必须服从国家、民族的最高利益和社会经济可持续发展的长远需要。并着眼于如何在国家整体、用人单位、人才个体及立法、制度、道德、环境、出入、用人等层面，构建一个系统、完整、严密的人才风险防范体系，提出了对策和措施。     

网络反腐:兴起缘由、价值解读与风险防范

网络反腐是新媒体兴起背景下开展反腐败斗争需要深入探讨的一个重大理论和实践命题.网络反腐起因于传统反腐方武的局限.网络反腐的核心价值在于提升了社会监督的整体效能,为反腐倡廉注入了科学化元素.目前,网络反腐本身还面临着道德和法律的双重困境,其功能作用也是有限的.网络反腐的发展方向是融入到中国特色反腐倡廉体系之中,而不是游离其外.只有以科学理性的态度引导和规范网络反腐,才能使其健康发展.     

会计信息与风险防范

由于市场经济因素的多样性和多变性,风险几乎无所不在。任何一个经济行为总是可能伴随着或大或小的风险。与自然风险和人为风险不同,经济风险不适宜通过参加保险的方式来转移和规避,只能进行必要的风险管理来防范与化解。会计与经济有着不可分割的紧密联系,经济风险管理的每一程序都与会计信息有关。然而,不确定性是一种普遍现象,会计信息自身也存在风险。本文讨论会计信息在经济风险防范中的作用以及会计信息自身风险的防范。     

网络反腐及其对权力运行的监督

网络反腐包括民间网络反腐和官方网络反腐两种类型。民间网络反腐是广大网民借助于互联网,利用博客、微博、网络论坛、QQ群、网站新闻的跟帖、手机微信等形式揭露、举报国家公职人员的腐败行为和政府部门权力运行过程中出现的腐败现象的活动。官方网络反腐担负着监督执政党组织、国家机关和企事业单位及其工作人员运用人民赋予的权力依法运作公共权力,进行公共管理的各项活动的责任。政务公开则是各级政府开展网络反腐的最有效的方法之一。要实现官方网络反腐和民间网络反腐的有效衔接,使之真正成为政府纪检、监察等机构反腐败功能强有力的补充。网络反腐更重要的功能应体现在对权力运行的监督和制约上。     

Chinese capital flows and offshore financial centers

Abstract

Why is the British Virgin Islands a bigger source of foreign direct investment into China than the USA, the European Union and Japan combined? Why is there 10 times more investment from China in the Caymans Islands than there is in the USA? This paper argues that these flows represent the efforts of Chinese and foreign investors to reduce governance and measurement transaction costs. Investors avail themselves of efficient institutions in offshore centers that are absent locally. These institutional attractions include the ease of raising capital on foreign stock markets, access to reliable courts, and more flexible and sophisticated financial products. Existing explanations of these capital movements, characterizing them as criminal money or tax arbitrage, are insufficient. Evidence is drawn from government statistics, private legal advice and interviews in offshore financial centers.     

Embedded policy preferences and the formation of international arrangements after the Asian financial crisis

New bilateral and multilateral arrangements emerged after the Asian financial crisis in the areas of financial assistance, financial regulation, and exchange rate stabilization. Strikingly, however, very few such arrangements emerged at the regional level. This paper argues that (1) the success of bilateral and international arrangements was the result of policy preference compatibility among East Asian countries and (2) the countries’ policy preferences can be explained as a function of their financial system features (securities-market-based or bank-credit-based) and external balance positions (capital-dependent or capital-sufficient). Although this framework cannot predict whether countries will agree on a particular policy proposal, it can explain the diversity of their proposals, the likely lines of conflict, the nature of their compromises, and why certain proposals succeed (or fail) even without the strong support (or opposition) of major powers.     

Federal dynamics in times of economic and financial crisis

The global economic and financial crisis is a challenge for all governments, but particularly for federal states because divided and/or shared territorial powers make federations susceptible to coordination problems in fiscal policy making. This article explores the effects of the ongoing crisis on federal relations. Three kinds of problems that may become the cause of federal tensions and conflicts are evoked: opportunism of subgovernments, centralisation and erosion of solidarity among members of the federation. Our analysis of fiscal policies and federal conflicts of 11 federations between 2007 and the present reveals three kinds of coordination problems: shirking in the use of federal government grants, rent‐seeking in equalisation payments, and over‐borrowing and over‐spending. Our results show that shirking remained limited to few cases and occurred only in the first part of the crisis. However, rent‐seeking and over‐borrowing and over‐spending led to a reduction of solidarity among subgovernments and to increased regulation of the fiscal discretion of the members of the federation. Subsequently, tensions in federal relations increased – although only in one case did this challenged the federal order.     

Response and responsibility: China in East Asian financial cooperation

Abstract

China's behaviour in East Asian financial cooperation has overall changed from passively responding to external pressures to taking proactive initiatives, which are highlighted by Chinese elites as evidence of a sense of responsibility. China has taken varied positions towards proposals for Asian financial regionalism, from ‘silent’ objection, to lukewarm or superficial support, to enthusiastic participation and substantial contribution, and this variance has not always taken place in a chronological order. Despite much speculation over the trajectory of China's role in East Asian regionalism, there has not been a study focused on China's policymaking towards East Asian financial cooperation. Therefore, this paper fills the gap by analysing the factors and policymaking processes that have led to those varied positions. It argues that China, recognising the momentum in the region to enhance cooperation, has replaced the blunt dismissals of proposals, particularly those from Japan, with a more subtle approach that is aimed at ensuring China's influence and promoting the image of a responsible great power; that the extent to which it can contribute to this process is mainly constrained by its economic conditions, particularly the financial institutions.     

Risk and Financial Armageddon in Ireland: The Politics of the Galway Tent

This article examines Ireland's financial crisis. Thus far explanation has focused on individual or collective administrative failure: the office(r) of financial regulation singularly failed to scrutinise the banks sufficiently: it was a matter of poor risk management. While this article would agree that the (mis)management of risk was important to how the crisis unfolded, I argue that an explanation of why the crisis emerged demands an altogether different focus. Put simply, after financial regulatory reform, a reconfiguration of risk in politics took place as the locus of decision‐making about financial risk shifted from the realm of the political/legal (Cabinet/Central Bank/Department of Finance) to the economic/legal (retail banks, shareholders/consumers). It was a critical development, one that mirrored events taking place in the UK, upon which Ireland drew experience, for now assessments about risk undertaken by the banks demanded that intervention could be justified only on an ascertainable risk, not a theoretical uncertainty (or spurious fear). The evidentiary bar for intervention was therefore raised, removing the precautionary instinct implicit in the prudential governance of Central Banks.     

Enabling global principle‐based regulation: The case of risk analysis in the Codex Alimentarius

This paper deals with the creation of global principle‐based standards. For such standards to be accepted and effective, particular conditions must be fulfilled. One such condition, little explored, is that standard‐makers and ‐takers share knowledge about the meaning of the principles, as well as the practices through which they are likely to be applied. The paper shows that this condition is fulfilled when transnational cultural systems exist, by means of which both types of actors engage in the explication and representation of their practices so that a common, standard understanding emerges of how principles may be interpreted on the ground and informs the negotiations. A transnational cultural system is a crucial governance infrastructure to set global standards, as shown by the long history of creating a risk analysis guideline by the Codex Alimentarius, the inter‐governmental body for food standards.     

Financial derivatives and the rise of circulation

The analysis argues that the outsourcing of production from the metropole generated problems of monetary connectivity that motivated the banking sector to develop and market a new species of derivative: the financial derivative. Virtually non-existent until 1973, such derivatives would soon become a 100 trillion dollar market. Making a market for these derivatives opened the door for speculative capital just as the attempt by this market to capture the risks embodied in local monetized relations led to emergence of a notion of abstract risk. The notion of abstract risk, embodied in the derivative and propelled by a self-expanding speculative capital, is globally significant because abstract risk functions as a social mediation, creating a new form of interdependence in the sphere of circulation even as circulation itself grows increasingly autonomous from production. We show that what makes the emergent culture of financial circulation historically new is that it is defined and determined through the objectification of abstract risk.     

浅析信用证付款方式的风险及规避

随着我国对外贸易的发展,贸易方式逐渐多样化,对外贸易的不确定因素越来越多,国际贸易中的风险剧增。所以,在国际贸易中,结算方式的选择相当重要,而信用证由于其自身的一些优点使其成为国际结算中最常用的一种方式。但是,由于信用证是一种纯单据买卖的结算方式,在实际的使用中经常为不法者所利用,给贸易双方及银行带来了很大风险。本文旨在分析信用证结算方式的风险,并提出信用证结算方式下进出口双方如何防范风险,减少损失。     

Catastrophe risk,insurance and terrorism

This article empirically investigates how the terrorist activity of September 11, 2001, was addressed by the insurance industry and government in the United States. It shows that the insurance system worked reasonably well in compensating losses suffered, albeit with various tribulations. It also demonstrates that the insurance industry, along with government as the ultimate risk manager, imaginatively reconfigured markets to continue terrorism insurance coverage in many contexts. The findings challenge many of Ulrich Beck’s contentions about catastrophe risks and insurability. At the same time, they indicate the fragility of the insurance system. Insurers’ perceptions and decisions about uncertainty – with potential for windfall profits as well as catastrophic losses – create crises in insurance availability and promote new forms of inequality and exclusion. Hence, while the insurance industry is a central bulwark against uncertainty, insurers can also play a key role in fostering it.