Tourism in Society

This essay starts with a discussion of the scope of tourism as a major force in our contemporary global consumer culture. It also contains information on the development of tourism education in universities and problems students studying tourism often face in the workplace. The main function of the essay is to introduce the articles I have solicited from a number of tourism scholars, which reflect various disciplinary approaches to tourism. They deal with the following topics: sociological studies of tourism and modernism, questions about postmodernism and the role of authenticity in tourism, a historical perspective on the growth of the cruise industry, a case study investigating the role of advertising in tourism and an analysis of the functions of stereotypes in tourism. It is hoped that these essays will induce scholars not working in the area to consider investigating tourism in future research.

Public Intellectuals as Media Critics

In the 1940s, leading public intellectuals established a commission to reform the American press. Many of them initially favored heavy regulation of newspapers and other media. Though the men failed to change the press, their report lives on in schools of journalism.

传媒对大学生政治信任和社会信任的影响研究

基于对合肥市大学生的问卷调查,我们对媒体与大学生的信任关系进行了研究。结果发现,大学生印刷媒体的总体性使用对他们的政治信任有积极的影响,但网络媒体的总体性使用对他们的社会和政治信任的影响却是消极的。多年来,中国传媒研究者有关媒体政治、社会效果的研究,一直存在着媒体宣传动员效果和宣传回飞镖效应的争论,但本研究的发现既不完全支持前者。也不完全支持后者,我们还对相关的发现进行了讨论。     

The Changing Faces of Contemporary Tourism

Tourism, a domain of considerable importance in the contemporary world, has long been overlooked by social scientists, but has recently become a field attracting a growing body of research. In sociology, the relation between tourism and modernity at first constituted the issue of principal interest, the discourse focusing on the extent to which modern Western tourists seek authentic experiences on their trip. The article discusses the changes in the terms of the discourse, contingent upon the growing similarity of the world in the wake of globalization, the emergence of the “post-tourist,” and the diversification in the composition of tourists, with the growth in the number of travelers from non-Western countries. The question of the limits of the future expansion of the tourist system is raised in conclusion.

试论湖湘文化与长沙旅游文化

湖湘文化作为湖南的文化象征,深深地影响着现代湖南城市旅游业的发展,特别是省会城市长沙旅游业的发展。本文试从区域文化与现代旅游业发展的角度,立足对四大区域文化之一的湖湘文化和湖湘学的阐述,挖掘湖湘文化的精髓,并就湖湘文化对长沙旅游文化的构建和影响进行分析,对长沙的湖湘文化影响地进行系统归类,为长沙旅游业的健康发展提供服务。     

高校旅游电子商务课程实践教学研究

论文结合当前社会对旅游电子商务人才的需要,总结了旅游电子商务实践教学的方法,阐述了旅游电子商务实践教学的内容,进而提出了完善旅游电子商务实践教学的措施。     

Media Use and Political Predispositions: Revisiting the Concept of Selective Exposure

Today, people have ample opportunity to engage in selective exposure, the selection of information matching their beliefs. Whether this is occurring, however, is a matter of debate. While some worry that people increasingly are seeking out likeminded views, others propose that newer media provide an increased opportunity for exposure to diverse views. In returning to the concept of selective exposure, this article argues that certain topics, such as politics, are more likely to inspire selective exposure and that research should investigate habitual media exposure patterns, as opposed to single exposure decisions. This study investigates whether different media types (newspapers, political talk radio, cable news, and Internet) are more likely to inspire selective exposure. Using data from the 2004 National Annenberg Election Survey, evidence supports the idea that people’s political beliefs are related to their media exposure—a pattern that persists across media types. Over-time analyses suggest that people’s political beliefs motivate their media use patterns and that cable news audiences became increasingly politically divided over the course of the 2004 election.

Feral Beasts: An Introduction to Tony Blair's Reuters Speech on the Media

One of Prime Minister Blair's last speeches was on his governments relationship to the media, and the at times damaging impact of the 'sensation hungry media' on every aspect of public life, many of whom were too frightened to take on the 'feral beasts'. He argued that his government had to attempt to deal with the media power, that 'spin' is an attempt to handle that power, that the media attack private life and that in the end the media must manage themselves. The piece includes his speech, the revealing questions and answers, and commentary on them by a series of distinguished journalists and academics.     

Media Priming in a Multi-Party Context: A Controlled Naturalistic Study in Political Communication

This study investigates media priming effects in the context of a Summit meeting of European Union (EU) leaders. It differs in four ways from most previous non-experimental priming studies: (1) it provides survey data accompanied by a content analysis of the news, (2) it compares priming effects on evaluations of a number of political leaders, who differed in their visibility in the news, (3) it involves an issue with low salience, and (4) it studies priming effects in the context of a European Parliamentary democracy. The study involves a two-wave panel study (before and after the Summit) on a representative sample of 817 Dutch adults, and a content analysis of the newspaper and television news in the 8 weeks leading up to the Summit meeting. The study shows that media priming effects occur only for the politicians who appeared visible in the news in connection with the issue. The media priming effects were not significantly moderated by political attentiveness or by political knowledge. We also explore the aggregate level consequences of priming for the popularity of leaders, and demonstrate that, as a result of media priming, two politicians became more popular, despite having received a bad press.

主流媒体上的“80后”形象研究——对中国14种主要报纸的内容分析

本文运用内容分析法,研究了2003年至2008年《人民日报》等14种中国有影响力的报纸上以80后为标题的681个文本。发现80后的媒介形象有一个变化过程,80后从最初特指青春写手到泛指20世纪80年代以后出生的一代人,描写特征从另类到个性、自我,再到自信、社会责任感、爱国,从垮掉的一代到鸟巢一代。大部分媒体的报道呈现出多元化的观点,但也有刻板印象的痕迹。     

中小历史文化名城旅游产业发展的几点思考——以陕西省汉中市长青华阳景区的旅游开发为例

通过对国家级历史文化名城汉中市的旅游产业发展现状进行分析与反思,提出在交通便利、全国旅游产业整体大发展的背景下,汉中市应当抓住机遇,集中有限的人力、物力、财力资源打造全国知名的历史名胜景点,以兼具风景、历史、蜀道资源的长青华阳景区的旅游开发带动汉中市全市整体的旅游产业发展,再以整体的旅游发展来促进特定景点继续提高质量、扩大影响。此种方式适用于各方面资源有限的中小历史文化名城的旅游开发。     

边疆文化旅游开发与文化安全

从文化哲学的视角看,文化安全包含四重维度。边疆少数民族地区的文化旅游开发对民族文化主体、民族个体主体、国家主体和类主体(人类社会)的文化安全都带来了挑战,对此,应从培养少数民族主体文化创新人才,保护民族文化生态环境,处理好开发利益分配和加强多学科实证研究等方面化解之,以期促进边疆少数民族经济社会发展。     

城市建设协调发展问题浅析

在全球化和城市化深入推进的趋势下,城市建设协调发展问题越来越需要引起人们的注意。用哲学的观点去认识和把握城市建设发展,对城市建设发展问题进行认真分析,梳理总结城市建设发展的基本规律,并就如何在科学发展观的指导下加快城市建设协调发展进行探讨具有十分重要的意义。     

民间商会的绩效与发展——基于浙江省温州市的研究

基于浙江省温州市行业协(商)会的问卷调查及利用SPSS工具的统计分析,对近年来温州工商行业协(商)会的绩效与发展进行了多角度的分析与比较.通过分析与比较,得出:温州商会在整体上呈良性发展态势,其行业管理职能的总体实施情况较好,但不同行业之间的商会职能在履行上有差异性,各项职能的发挥程度在不同行业之间也有所不同;无论是协会组织还是会员企业对行业组织的评价都较高,未来预期也较高;近年来行业协(商)会的市场化、民间性、独立性、自主性特征表现明显,并不断得到增强;行业会员企业对行业协(商)会的支持率普遍较高;政府对行业协(商)会发展有着重要的影响,行业协(商)会仍对政府有较大的依赖性;行业协(商)会的治理机制还有待于进一步完善.深化政府管理体制改革,建立健全与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的、能够促进社会力量蓬勃发展的社会管理体制,是民间商会得到快速、健康、持续发展的最重要保证.     

公共管理的旧貌新颜和发展趋势——公共管理面面观

祝贺《公共管理学报》创刊。对公共管理的过去、现在和未来作一些概括性的介绍,将有助于公共管理在我国的研究和发展。试从关于公共管理的内容和历史、地位和作用、体制和方法、人员和经费、领导和决策、改革和发展、现状和前景、理论和实践等八个方面,进行简要考察,并注意在坚持中国特色的同时,保持与国际接轨。旨在使公共管理在促进中国特色社会主义小康社会的建设过程中,发挥其应有的积极作用。     

Shot by the Messenger: Partisan Cues and Public Opinion Regarding National Security and War

Research has shown that messages of intra-party harmony tend to be ignored by the news media, while internal disputes, especially within the governing party, generally receive prominent coverage. We examine how messages of party conflict and cooperation affect public opinion regarding national security, as well as whether and how the reputations of media outlets matter. We develop a typology of partisan messages in the news, determining their likely effects based on the characteristics of the speaker, listener, news outlet, and message content. We hypothesize that criticism of a Republican president by his fellow partisan elites should be exceptionally damaging (especially on a conservative media outlet), while opposition party praise of the president should be the most helpful (especially on a liberal outlet). We test our hypotheses through an experiment and a national survey on attitudes regarding the Iraq War. The results show that credible communication (i.e., “costly” rhetoric harmful to a party) is more influential than “cheap talk” in moving public opinion. Ironically, news media outlets perceived as ideologically hostile can actually enhance the credibility of certain messages relative to “friendly” news sources.

我国政策科学发展的困顿和突破口

在政策理论工作者、特定政策的制定者和研究者之间,由于没有形成围绕制定高价值政策这一共同目标相互支撑、优势互补的机制和方法论,致使我国政策科学的学科发展陷于困顿之中:现有理论和方法对特定政策制定,对特定政策研究均未显示出应有的指导性;政策理论工作者,特定政策的研究者和制定者各自为政;理论的科学性、合理性、逻辑性和可操作性受到置疑,因此,学科地位未得到公认。走出困顿,奠定学科地位的突破口可简单表述为:通过政策理论工作者、特定政策的制定者和特定政策研究者三方的共同努力,围绕制定高价值政策这一共同的目标,研制一套政策研究和政策制定优势互补、互为支撑的政策制定科学程式,明确程式中各步骤的目的、目标和基本操作思路,各步骤中常用方法(指导性研究方法、研究设计方法、资料收集方法、统计分析方法、质量控制和评估方法等)、主要用途、适用条件和操作要点;各步骤主要难点、表现形式和消除策略、研究者和决策者各方职责、需协调之处和协调思路等。     

The Media, The Campaign, and The Message

This article examines the 1996 press releases issued by Republican presidential nominee candidates during the invisible primary and the subsequent stories generated by these press releases in newspapers. We systematically examine how campaigns structure their messages, which messages are transmitted by the press to the voting public, and what factors influence the transmission of the campaign's message. We find that campaign organizations disseminate a variety of messages to the media. Our analysis demonstrates that national media organizations are most receptive to informative (logistical) messages disseminated by candidates who are at the head of the field and most hostile to substantive (issue-oriented) messages regardless of their campaign of origin. By contrast, the state press is most open to substantive messages issued by lower-tier candidates. It appears from our results that the media, more than the campaign, bear the responsibility for the emphasis on the horse race.