论扩大中等收入者比重

中等收入者是有稳定的收入来源,在收入分层序列中处于中等状态的那一部分社会成员。它不是一个阶层,也不是某个阶层或某些阶层的代名词。不能把中等收入者与所谓的“中产阶级”混为一谈。中等收入者在某些社会阶层中可能相对集中。扩大中等收入者比重是一个重要的政策取向,从一个侧面反映了今后我们要努力形成的收入分配新格局。     

多项举措弥合收入差距

十六大以来党中央采取了一系列切实有效的措施,加大调节收入分配的力度,规范个人收入分配秩序,着力提高低收入者收入水平,扩大中等收入者比重,有效调节过高收入,取缔非法收入,努力缓解地区之间和部分社会成员收入分配差距扩大的趋势。     

扩大中等收入阶层比重 构建小康社会结构

中等收入阶层比重低、社会结构不合理是制约我们全面建设小康社会的主要因素,扩大中等收入阶层比重是我们构建小康社会结构的现实选择.政府应在制度安排及政策导向方面全盘考虑,加强收入分配的宏观调控,为更多的人通过正当途径进入中等收入者群体拓展通道.     

论效率、公平和平等收入者的关系

扩大中等收入者的比重是党的十六大提出的社会分配指导思想的重要组成部分。本文从经济效率,社会公平,资本形态,产权与分配等方面进行了分析,认识到“扩大中等收入者的比重”是经济有效发展和社会公平趋势的契合点,是全面建设小康社会的有效途径。     

努力扩大我国中等收入者的比重

缩小贫富差距,实现社会公平正义,是贯彻落实科学发展观,构建社会主义和谐社会的题中应有之义.党的十六大报告首次提出,"以共同富裕为目标,扩大中等收入者比重,提高低收入者收入水平".党的十七大报告明确指出,在今后五年内,要确保"合理有序的收入分配格局基本形成,中等收入者占多数,绝对贫困现象基本消除".     

"扩大中等收入者比重"的意义及对策选择

当前,"扩大中等收入者比重"具有重大意义.一方面,这是社会主义制度优越性的必然选择,是各国发展经验的总结;另一方面,也是解决我国收入差距过大问题的根本举措,是全面建设小康社会的必由之路."扩大中等收入者比重",应着力从宏观调控政策、分配原则、加强农业地位与加快现代服务业发展等方面做出努力.     

“中等收入者”特征分析

大连理工大学人文学院戴艳军、马连鹏:党的十六大报告明确提出“扩大中等收入者比重”,这是一个新提法。“中等收入者”是指以从事脑     

中国收入差距问题的由来和解决对策研究

中国收入差距问题由来已久,近年来,随着经济社会的发展,这种不平衡现象日益显著,为解决这一问题,2013年11月份刚刚闭幕的十八届三中全会提出了规范收入分配秩序,完善收入分配调控体制机制和政策体系,调节过高收入,增加低收入者收入,扩大中等收入者比重,努力缩小城乡、区域、行业收入分配差距,逐步形成橄榄型分配格局的收入分配改革方向。就中国城乡居民收入差距的现状、产生的原因、影响以及改善的对策进行了探讨和分析,提出了相应的操作建议。     

收入分配宏观调控的重点及对策探讨

改变严重的分配不公应该是我国目前收入分配宏观调控政策的重点。要改变严重的分配不公状况必须推进行政体制改革,加快市场化改革步伐;政府收入分配宏观调控既要重视第二次分配,更要重视第一次分配;政府既要确保低收入者收入水平的提高和中等收入者比重的增加,又要重视调节过高收入。     

浅谈造成职工低收入的主要原因——兼论企业的社会责任

党的十六届五中全会指出:“着力提高低收入者收入水平, 逐步扩大中等收入者比重,有效调节过高收入,规范个人收入分配秩序, 努力缓解地区之间和部分社会成员收入分配差距扩大的趋势。注重社会公平,特别要关注就业机会和分配过程的公平”。此文从一个侧面反映了造成职工低收入的原因,值得大家关注。造成职工低收入的原因还有很多,欢迎读者继续来稿,从不同的侧面找出造成职工低收入的原因,并提出对策,为推动这个问题的解决起到一定的作用。     

Income change at retirement

Less than one-fourth of SIPP retirees made the transition from full-time work and no benefit receipt to benefit receipt and no work during the 32 months of the 1984 SIPP panel, and these full retirees appear to differ economically from those who had not fully retired during the 32 months. Income declined to 60 percent of preretirement levels for those who received Social Security benefits and employer pensions, and to 46 percent for those who received only one type of benefit after ceasing full-time work. Family income cushioned the decline. About one-third of retirees had larger changes in income shortly before or after observed retirement transitions than right at the retirement transitions. Larger changes in income were associated with changing one's work effort. Asset income was quite variable across the entire panel. A monthly view of persons in various stages of retirement has brought into sharper focus than has previously been recognized the many paths into retirement, often over an extended period of time, during which status may change back and forth. A one-time or occasional extension of the SIPP to perhaps a 5-year period for the near-retirement-age population would increase the proportion of retirees for whom the full process is observed in such great detail. Alternatively, information on the timing of changes in labor-force and pension status may be collected in a proposed new Retirement History Study that calls for interviewing persons at 2-year intervals over a 10-year period for a more accurate picture of the retirement process.     

论经营者的混合收入

经营者的报酬待遇问题,是当前中国企业特别是国有企业改革实践中越来越被普遍关注的热点,其实质是解决经营者的动力问题.10多年经营者激励机制的探索和实践表明,经营者的薪酬体系主要的问题是结构问题.只有将长期激励和短期激励有效结合,才能充分发挥其应有的作用.     

论股票市场的收入分配功能

从国内外股票市场的发展历史看，凡是股票市场处于持续稳定发展的时候，股票价格会上扬，广大投资者从中可以获得丰厚收益，带来消费需求的增强，从而促进相关生产部门和服务部门提高生产能力和服务水平，最终实现对经济增长的拉动。反之，当股票市场发展失常、扭曲时，股票价格就会暴跌，投资者从中会受到极大的损失，以至减少需求，缩小消费，拖累经济的增长。这一切都是由股票市场收入分配功能造成的，因此，在分析股票市场与经济增长的关系时，我们应当把股票市场收入分配功能放到一个重要的位置进行研究。一、股票市场收入分配功能的特…     

个人经济收入的三大形态

如果把“全面建设小康社会”作为新世纪头20年中国社会、经济发展的奋斗目标的话,那么,如何在完善的市场经济体制的支持下形成稳定、快速、健康地发展,就是一个最前沿的理论和实践的重要课题。我认为,这里的核心应是如何挖掘体制中的动力源泉问题,亦即如何使人的经济价值得到充分实现。笔者将围绕这个问题展开论述。 一、确认要素贡献 第一,无论是作为一个“生产要素”的“人”,还是作为一个“根本目的”的“人”,都必须通过并获得激励去实现个人的经济价值。在今天,更可以用发挥先进的生产力、启用先进的文化,从而确保社会主体——人的根本利益的实现,即可以用“三个代表”重要思想来加     

State Income Tax Treatment of the Elderly

The state and local tax treatment of the elderly varies significantly from state to state. In this article, we analyze the differences in effective tax rates for the state personal income tax for elderly versus non-elderly taxpayers. We find that in a majority of states, the average effective tax rate facing the elderly is significantly lower than that of non-elderly taxpayers. The consequences of this tax rate difference may impact long-term state income tax revenues as the elderly population continues to grow.     

A study of Supplemental Security Income awardees

Since its enactment in 1974, the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program has had a stable caseload of about 4 million recipients. Hidden by this unchanging total is the fact that nearly 9 million persons were served by the program from 1974 to 1986. This study explores some SSI program dynamics by following a group of SSI awardees for a period of 4 years from the initial receipt of award in 1981. Many of these awardees had previous contact with the program either through a previous award or a denial. About 60 percent of the awardees were eligible at the end of the 4-year period. Most persons who became ineligible did so within the first 6 months after the award.     

收入差距与收入分配政策的调整

（一）收入分配问题是一个关系到全体社会成员切身利益与社会稳定的问题。改革开放以来,我国社会成员的收入状况经历了一个平均———收入差距拉开———收入差距扩大的过程。现阶段我国社会成员收入差距扩大主要表现在五个方面。一是地区之间收入差距扩大,二是城乡之间收入差距扩大,三是行业之间收入差距扩大,四是不同所有制企业之间收入差距扩大,五是城镇内部与农村内部居民收入差距扩大。在社会主义市场经济条件下,社会成员在收入分配上拉开一定的差距是应该的,也是必须的,这对奖勤罚懒,按劳分配,调动全体社会成员的勤奋、竞争精神,形成…     

Income redistribution: An international perspective

Many view global income inequality as a problem. Income redistribution from the rich countries to poor countries is often offered as a solution. However, such redistribution would have to be politically acceptable to voters in rich countries to occur. Using a constructed distribution of world income we show that even modest income redistribution efforts would impose significant costs on taxpayer-voters in rich countries. We conclude such income redistribution is unlikely.