推进智慧养老落地实施: 问题、路径与保障

正天津市作为进入老龄化较早、老龄化程度较高的特大型城市,在《天津市促进养老服务发展三年行动方案(2019—2021年)》中明确指出,要"推广‘互联网+养老’的智能居家养老模式"。特别是在疫情防控常态化背景下,智慧养老充分利用智能硬件、物联网、云计算、大数据等信息技术,可以减少时间和地理环境的束缚,让老人在家中就能享受到更便利、更高质量的养老服务。因此,探索智慧养老落地实施与发展,推动养老服务模式创新就成为一个亟待研究的课题。     

浅析社会工作视角下的机构养老服务模式

随着我国老龄化进程的逐步加快,养老问题逐渐突出,特别是对于那些缺乏自理能力的孤残、高龄老人,机构养老是不错的养老方式。为了说明社会工作在机构养老中的重要作用,简要地分析了目前我国机构养老存在的一些问题,并论述了社会工作的价值与伦理以及个案、小组、社区的专业工作方法在机构养老服务模式中的运用。     

浅析城市空巢老人的社区养老现状与对策研究

当前我国已经步入老龄化社会,城市中空巢老人的养老问题是当今学界比较关注的社会热点问题之一,也是重要的民生议题。我国以家庭养老为主,但空巢老人子女不在身边或者没有子女,缺少家庭养老的氛围和条件,所以开展空巢老人的社区养老势在必行,促进空巢老人老有所养、老有所乐、老有所医也是以人为本建设和谐社会的题中应有之意。本文在分析城市空巢老人社区养老现状和必要性的基础上,分析了城市空巢老人社区养老存在的各种问题,并提出了相应的对策和建议。     

中心城区养老服务可持续发展研究

<正>随着老龄化社会的到来,城市中心城区养老服务的可持续发展显得尤为重要。截止2016年,天津市60岁及以上人口占户籍总人口的比例已超过22%。为应对日益突出的老龄化问题,天津市采取了多种有效措施。一方面,注重顶层设计,在全国率先出台了地方性法规《天津市养老服务促进条例》,制定并实施了《天津市"十三五"期间加快发展养老服务的意见》等多项规划政策。另一方面,不断完善政府购买模式,形成     

空间视域下流动老人生活质量及其影响因素研究——基于成都市的调查

伴随城镇化和老龄化,空间转换过程中流动到大城市的老人在居住环境、经济状况、社会交往、社会参与等方面出现空间排异。年龄、同住人数、居住年限、是否农业户口等人口特征变量以及人均住房面积、个人月收入状况、自评健康状况、自评社会经济地位、社区满意度、邻里交往频率、社区参与情况等因素均显著影响流动老人的生活质量。基于此,建议政府广泛利用多种就业形式促进流动老人的人力资源开发,加快完善统一的社会保障体系提升老人异地养老保障水平,重视城市社区公共文化空间建设,组织开展多样化的社区活动,合理规划城市社区基本公共服务设施,保障并提高流动老人的生活质量。     

一笔点睛

<正>推进养老住宅建设随着老龄化趋势的加剧,北京市高龄、空巢、独居、失能老年人快速增加。养老问题已经成为影响社会民生的重大问题之一。为此,建议:1.深入调研,做好城市发展顶层规划。制定和完善养老住宅建设规划与标准。通过调研,根据老年人居住地的分布、数量、实际需要等,制定土地、城市建设规划,以及养老住宅或老年住宅社区开发的具体建设指标。     

基于社区的“结伴养老”实践与意义——以山西省阳泉市官坊街为例

近年来,随着我国老龄化程度的步步加深,我国养老需求旺盛与养老资源不足的矛盾日益突出,养老问题成为百姓、社会关注的焦点。而养老问题的解决最终还是要落实在基层政府及其下属的各个社区的实践之中。山西省阳泉市下站街道官坊街社区探索出的"结伴养老"模式,以尊重老人的意愿为第一原则,充分挖掘老人自身的可行性,依靠老人自身的力量将自助、他助、互助结合起来,不仅操作简单、成本低廉,更实现了以老帮老、以老养老、老有所乐。     

基于复合空间视角的超大城市韧性建设路径思考

面对复合型城市危机,复合空间视角可为超大城市韧性建设提供新的研究方向.以风险发生的可能场所为标准,复合空间可划分为物理、虚拟、经济、社会与规范空间.基于系统理论,通过分析国内七个超大城市韧性建设现状与困境,借鉴域外超大城市韧性建设经验可知:只有明确复合空间系统结构、充分剖析各子空间的相互作用机制,才能实现空间潜力的最优配置与整体效益最大化.研究发现,不同空间组成的"三生空间"可以基本涵盖超大城市韧性需求,未来须保障生态空间山清水秀、促进生产空间集约高效、推动生活空间宜居适度,形成超大城市韧性建设的支撑系统.     

积极老龄化视角下农村养老服务问题与对策研究

当前我国人口老龄化程度日益加剧,而农村人口老龄化程度和发展速度均高于城市,农村养老服务问题尤为突出。本文基于积极老龄化的视角,围绕"健康、参与、保障"三大维度对农村养老服务存在的问题进行分析,并针对性地提出重视农村老人身心健康、积极构建社会参与平台、完善农村养老生活照料保障和物质保障的对策,从而提高农村养老服务水平,解决农村养老服务问题。     

经济发展、城市化与人口空间分布——基于北京、东京和多伦多的比较分析

随着我国城市化进程的快速推进,大城市数量不断增加,城市人口空间结构问题凸显.本文在京津冀城市群的视角下验证了区域经济重心与人口重心之间的相关性及人口重心转移的滞后性,并运用洛伦茨曲线对北京市人口空间均衡度和集中度进行测量,探讨了其全局和局部的人口空间关联模式,即人口空间分布不均衡性加剧,流动人口强聚集圈层、弱聚集圈层、中间过渡圈层的分布特征明显.最后,结合东京都市圈和多伦多大都市区人口空间模式的历史演变,提出不同发展阶段下城市人口空间结构由线性到非线性、由"倒U型"向"M型"双峰曲线转变的特点,明确了30公里圈对大城市人口分布的重要作用.     

2010年中国政治学研究综述

前些年,不少学者热衷于介绍和研究西方昙花一现的政治理论,自去年以来,这种追风的现象已经趋冷。2010年的政治学研究主要关注了国家理论、政党理论、政治思潮、民主问题、政治学学科和方法论。由此可以看出,中国的政治学研究进一步向传统的研究主题回归,进一步趋向理性。     

案卷排他性原则在我国政府价格决策听证中的确立

案卷排他性原则是现代听证制度的核心。我国目前的价格决策听证制度并没有确立案卷排他性原则,致使政府价格决策听证常常流于形式。案卷排他性原则在我国政府价格决策听证中的确立,不仅具有必要性.而且具有可行性。     

The Rise of Resilience in Education in Emergencies

ABSTRACT

This article explores how resilience as a concept is being increasingly mobilised within the Education in Emergencies (EiE) community. Using content and a close textual analysis, it identifies the concept's growth in prominence within key EiE documents arguing it has been employed to serve a range of different purposes. It contends, however, that dominant conceptualisations of resilience within the EiE community are reflective of a number of shifts around the problem, subjects and purposes of education provision in such conflict-affected contexts. This serves to limit the transformative potential of resilience, particularly in regards to contributing to positive peace.     

Performance of local councils in the collection of revenue in Bangladesh

Local councils in Bangladesh have been provided with several sources of revenue that can be utilized for the maintenance of the councils, as well as the initiation of developmental projects. The union and upazila level councils have fared miserably in collection of such revenue. An examination of twelve upazilas during 1986–90 demonstrates that their performance has been affected by a lack of administrative support for the task, a dearth of adequate knowledge and skills on the part of local leaders and a failure to plan carefully on the part of the government. The Ordinances through which they have been established did not identify realistic sources of revenue nor did they provide guidelines on their utilization. Consequently, collection of revenue is done in an arbitrary and disorganized manner. It is recommended that adequate and appropriate administrative structures are developed and that proper training is provided to enhance the knowledge and skills of local leaders and to enable the councils to perform the task of revenue collection efficiently. Some suggestions are presented to utilize properly the market facilities, which appear to be highly potent sources for the generation of revenue.     

Problems of co-ordination in upazila administration in Bangladesh

The present government of Bangladesh has extensively reformed the administrative system and upgraded the previous thana to upazila (sub-district) to serve as the focal point of development administration. A new tier of local government called Upazila Parishad (UZP) has been created and a large number of functions have been devolved to this institution along with the placement of central government employees at its disposal. The reformers argue that the present system will remove the inadequacies of the previous administrative system and will bring about an improvement in the co-ordination of field services at the upazila level. However, the actual situation represents a totally different picture. The desired integration— both vertical and horizontal—and co-ordination in local level planning is non-existent due to the absence of any clear direction from the central government. Proper co-ordination among the field services in the upazila administration does not exist due to the anomalous relation between the upazila and the national government, including excessive central control; the involvement of multiple agencies of the central government in guiding and supervising; ambiguity in government thinking; the absence of clarification from the ministries concerned and agencies on the timing of different development programmes; and conflict over the allocation of resources. There is also conflict between the different tiers of local government in respect of authority and resources. Relations between public representatives and officials at the upazila level are strained because a clear allocation of authority to political executives is lacking; areas for co-operation among different agencies have not been clarified; and public representatives and government officials lack mutual respect.     

中国政府全面质量管理系统的构建

全面质量管理是一门内涵丰富的管理哲学、管理思想,同时也是一种有效的管理技术和管理工具,全面质量管理在企业中的应用取得了重大成效,西方国家将全面质量管理应用于政府部门同样取得了明显的效果.中国同样具有推行政府全面质量管理的基础条件,通过开展政府全面质量管理的基础性工作,树立"顾客导向",建构政府内部持续改进机制,建立政府全面质量管理质量保证体系,将全面质量管理的管理理念和管理方法引入中国政府部门.构建中国政府全面质量管理系统,从而提高政府工作绩效和公众的满意度.     

An analysis of mechanisms used by CSOs in the promotion of community participation in governance in Kenya

Civil society organizations (CSOs) are often perceived to provide the magic bullet to complex societal problems including alternative approaches that ensure good governance. Fresh new research is therefore needed due to the prevailing paradox of escalating governance challenges in Kenya despite CSOs efforts to address the same. This paper specifically seeks to understand mechanisms that CSOs use as they seek to intervene in governance issues in Kenya. It links persistent poor governance happening at the counties to inadequate mechanisms used by CSOs. It argues that CSOs have not been bold enough to confront poor governance but, instead, have used superficial mechanisms with little outcomes. They have particularly focused on providing trainings and creating awareness and have shied away from more direct engagement with poor governance such as monitoring utilization of public funds. The study methodology involved a survey, focus group discussions, and in-depth face to face interviews. The tools used included a survey questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion guide and In-depth Interview guide. Among the recommendations are that CSOs need to go beyond creating awareness and trainings and engage with governance issues more directly using well-tried mechanisms.     

The Reform of the Local Administration in Spain in Terms of Population

Spanish Local Corporations are playing an increasingly important role in the provision of public services without reducing their function of consolidation and structuring of the current sociopolitical system. This reality implies an increase in their need of financial funds without new compensation resources. Also, there is a certain tendency to loose population in many counties along with a greater organic and territorial dispersion that accelerates their financial weakening. This makes necessary to find management alternatives ensuring the appropriate provision of local public services and thus the Local Corporation reform becomes an alternative. In this context, the present paper approaches the analysis and the results based upon a territorial balance criterion on the population and its distribution, aiming ultimately to design an indicator able to measure the need of the Spanish local government structure according to its population and the size of its municipalities. This indicator might measure the regional impact to any variation both in the distribution of its population and in the number of municipalities.     

全球化背景下经典文化教育的价值取向

全球化对我国教育的冲击是深刻的,经典文化教育是应对挑战所必需的选择之一。经典文化具有时代性、开放性和包容性,对成就一个人以及提高整个国民素质都有重要的意义与价值。经典文化教育在学校教育应有所作为。     

工科院校英汉双语教学中英语运用度

文中通过＂英语运用度＂这一指标对双语教学模式进行了划分,通过对在工科院校双语教学中的实际教学效果对比研究,对制约双语教学中英语应用度的各项因素进行了详细研究分析,阐述了工科教学时开展双语教学工作应解决的重要问题和解决问题的措施,并给出了＂英语运用度＂的最佳取值范围。