教育公共服务供给理论体系梳理与分析

教育公共服务供给作为政府公共服务中优秀人才的"供给侧",有着非常丰富的理论基础。根据公共服务发展的历史脉络,总结归纳教育公共服务供给的理论基础:新公共管理理论、新公共服务理论、公共选择理论、公共服务供给与生产理论、交易费用理论、第三部门理论和治理理论,它们为研究教育公共服务供给的发展和实践提供坚实的理论基础。     

构建欠发达地区统筹城乡发展一体化的基本公共服务体系研究

促进城乡经济社会发展一体化是党中央的重大战略部署。提供基本公共服务是政府的基本职责，欠发达地区城乡之间政府提供的基本公共服务不均衡是呈现城乡差距的重要原因。实现以公共管理为主要手段，以公益性为主要特征，以满足群众需求为主要目的的公共服务均等化是统筹城乡发展一体化的实质。欠发达地区在推进城乡基本公共服务均等化进程中，应着力构建统筹城乡的基础设施、教育、卫生、科技、文化及人口和计划生育等公共服务体系，同时完善统筹城乡基本公共服务的绩效评估机制、财政投入机制、市场融资机制、城乡基层服务机制和组织保障机制，实现基本公共服务运行规范化。     

增强均衡性和可及性：构建社会主义现代化公共服务体系

健全完善公共服务体系，持续提高公共服务水平，不断增强公共服务的均衡性和可及性，是推进中国式现代化、建设社会主义现代化国家的必由之路。新时代十年我国公共服务事业发展取得显著成就，建成了世界上规模最大的就业体系、教育体系、社会保障体系、医疗卫生体系、住房保障体系、公共文化服务体系，但仍面临人民群众对公共服务日益增长的需要和公共服务事业还不够均衡和可及之间的矛盾。增强公共服务的均衡性和可及性，构建社会主义现代化公共服务体系，要进一步推进基本公共服务均等化，扩大普惠性非基本公共服务供给，推动普惠性非基本公共服务逐步有序纳入基本公共服务范畴。     

高质量视域下的长株潭都市圈公共服务共建共享

公共服务关乎民生,联结民心。近些年来,长株潭都市圈公共服务共建共享取得长足进步,但仍存在公共服务供给不足、公共服务资源空间分布不均衡、服务精准化水平不高等问题,与满足人民群众美好生活需求的要求仍有差距。都市圈居民十分关注政务服务和教育,其中教育不公是热点。为此,需要进一步完善都市圈公共服务共建共享协商机制、在公共服务标准方面达成更多共识、深化公共服务各领域的合作、加大资源配置的保障力度。     

我国建立基本公共服务体系问题探讨

基本公共服务体系是由各种保障公民生存、发展和追求幸福等基本人权的基本公共服务组成的完整体系,其目标是人人都能均等地享有基本公共服务,包括生存底线服务、公众发展服务、基本环境服务和基本安全服务四项内容。当前应从这四项内容出发消除基本公共服务的歧视性供给,推进以基本公共服务均等化为重点的改革,建立健全惠及全民的基本公共服务体系。     

完善旅游公共服务 增强哈尔滨旅游业发展后劲

旅游公共服务体系对于城市旅游业的发展具有极为重要的作用,不但是旅游业发展的基础,而且是提升城市旅游业竞争力、增强旅游业发展后劲的重要因素。旅游公共服务是否完备是衡量地区旅游业发展水平的重要指标。目前旅游需求呈现出多样化、品质化、个性化的特点,也对旅游公共服务体系提出了挑战。基于哈尔滨市旅游业发展的实际需要,本文力图以前沿性、应用性为视角,从发展旅游公共服务的价值入手,并对哈尔滨旅游公共服务建设现状进行了系统分析,进而提出了发展哈尔滨旅游公共服务的四项对策。     

十七大以来我国理论界关于"基本公共服务均等化"的讨论综述

改革开放以来,社会经济飞速发展,但是区域发展极不平衡,影响了社会的和谐进步.要改变这种状况,最有效的途径就是积极推进基本公共服务均等化,加快建设和完善公共服务体制.从技术、城乡体制、财政体制等方面分析基本公共服务均等化的原因.根据原因找出实现基本公共服务均等化的路径.     

逆民营化背景下关于我国公共服务提供方式的若干思考

近年来在我国公共服务提供的过程中出现了若干难题,而西方逆民营化趋势呈现出了逆民营化发展的新取向,因此,我们可以将市场经济对公共服务的内在要求作为东西方共同逻辑支点,采取动态选择服务提供方式、强化政府责任、多方提供服务、推动公共服务均等化、建立协调机制等有效举措。     

社会公正话语下的城乡社会性公共服务统筹刍议

同为国家公民的农村居民与城市居民却享受着差距甚远的政府公共服务。我国城乡社会发展的明显反差,凸现社会公正在政府公共服务产品供给上的严重缺失。城乡统筹发展必然要求全民共享公共产品供给。统筹城乡社会性公共服务,加快发展农村教育、医疗卫生和社会保障事业,已经成为我国面临的艰巨任务。     

关于加强档案馆公共服务能力的思考

档案馆是集中保管党和国家重要档案的基地,是社会各方面利用档案信息资源的中心。在当今信息化时代,加强公共服务能力建设,提高公共服务能力,为全面建设小康社会和构建社会主义和谐社会服务,这不仅是各级档案馆自身发展的内在需要,也是新时期经济社会发展的客观要求。本文首先分析了档案馆公共服务存在的问题,以此对症下药,提出了加强档案馆公共服务能力建设的六条建议,希望以此引起大家的注意和重视。     

Choice in Public Services: Crying 'Wolf' in the School Choice Debate

Choice, diversity and personalisation have been key to the New Labour project in public services. With the emergence of a reinvigorated Conservative party as a credible electoral threat, and the end of the Blair era, it seems appropriate to consider the continuing viability and longevity of the New Labour public service project. In this article, I approach the issue of choice in public services through an examination of the long-running controversy over choice in the English secondary school system. I argue that the opponents of choice have been reluctant to engage with the notion of choice in public services due to concerns over the supposed negative effect that consumer choice has on the equity and quality of service provision. This paper aims to challenge the claim that any element of choice in education necessarily has deleterious effects on social justice. I argue that the case against school choice has not been decisively made and that school choice can, in principle, form part of a socially progressive educational project by redistributing power to service users and helping to maintain popular support for public provision of education.     

从教育服务产品的二重性解析独立学院学费价格体系

教育服务产品的二重属性理论认为，教育服务产品是一种兼有公共产品和私人产品属性的准公共产品。独立学院作为扩充的优质高等教育资源，较高的教育成本决定了高昂的学费，高昂的教育费用是目前中国独立学院学费价格体系的特点，试从高等教育的双重性角度解析当前独立学院学费价格体系，对独立学院的可持续发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

Competition and switching in public service markets: Can they reduce inequalities?

Regulatory reforms to public infrastructure services across European Union (EU) countries were aimed at increasing consumer welfare by introducing competition and choice into service markets. However, empirical evaluations have questioned whether these reforms have benefitted all consumers, suggesting that vulnerable groups of service users (especially those with lower levels of formal education), might be locked into poorly performing services. We assess the relationship between the level of competition in electricity and fixed telephony markets in EU countries and evaluate the affordability of these services for different socio‐educational layers. Our findings show that – although in countries where there is a relatively high frequency of switching, inequalities between socio‐educational groups are smaller and eventually disappear – competition as such does not play a part. These results suggest that demand‐side regulation that successfully enables consumer switching has the potential to equalize social welfare, thereby reflecting a possible convergence of regulatory instruments and the central aims of the welfare state in this context.     

Private exit,public exit,and achievement in secondary education

Perceptions of declining academic achievement have motivated a number of governments worldwide to introduce greater school choices to parents in the hope of fostering competition and thus arrest the apparent decline in educational achievement. Exit provides dissatisfied citizens with a decisive mechanism to signal their views regarding the quality of public education institutions. Private exit – abandoning the public education system entirely – is well established in most countries; however, public exit – moving to a separate system of selective high-quality public schools – is an alternative that exists in only a few jurisdictions. We employ a comprehensive 6-year panel of data on socio-educational advantage and academic achievement for an education system which offers both private and public exit choice. In so doing, we show how different exit options affect choices and outcomes for various categories of schools.     

Uganda's decentralised primary education: musical chairs and inverted elite capture in School Management Committees

Decentralisation policies in Africa increasingly place responsibilities and resources for the provision of public services in the hands of public bodies at the lowest level, for example in School Management Committees (SMCs). This paper questions whether elite capture, which is considered a major reason for the ineffectiveness of the management of public services at a national level, also characterises SMCs. On the basis of field research in Uganda, it is argued that elite capture does not trickle down to the lowest levels in the management of public services. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Evolution of Public Service Provision by the Third Sector in France

Public services have been externalised, in part, to the non‐profit sector in France and in the United Kingdom. This article begins by reviewing relations between the public and non‐profit sector in France before 2008, and its evolution since. This has been characterised by the slow reduction of public funding, the adaptation of non‐profit associations and organisations, and their clearer positioning within a wider ‘social and solidarity economy’, which was consolidated by a framework Law in 2014. The article then examines the current sharing of responsibilities between the public and non‐profit sectors in education, health and social services, pointing to the diverse historical and political conditions which have led to this shared organisation.     

The Impact of Energy Asset Privatisation on State Government Debt Management and Service Provision in Victoria and New South Wales

The purpose of this article is to look at the impact of the privatisation of the electricity and gas industries in the state of Victoria on the level of state government debt and subsequent ability of the state to deliver public services in the areas of health, education and law and order. In order to undertake this, a comparison is made with the state of New South Wales (NSW), where the privatisation of the electricity industry was often debated during the 1990s and 2000s, but never undertaken.     

公共服务均等化“善治”取向下的理性选择

公共服务均等化问题是公共管理改革和实践的重要命题。诞生于西方社会的治理理论及其“善治”理念，已成为当今国际社会公认的公共管理研究语境和改革实践的普遍诉求。目前，中国城乡之间、地区之间公共服务的不均等化状态引发了众多社会矛盾，严重偏离了公共管理的善治取向。本文基于不同于公共财政范畴善治框架，以公平和效率为尺度，研究公共服务均等化策略的合理性，认为公共服务均等化有利于实现善治理念的公平取向和效率取向，达到公平和效率的高度统一，中国政府应该从理念和制度两个层面加强公共服务均等化建设。     

公共教育资源配置失衡及其政策补给——以湘南H区2005年的相关教育数据为分析样本

教育公平一直以来是中国公共管理领域重点讨论的话题。公共教育资源分配不均衡和教育服务的不充分与不对等是造成教育不公的主要原因。以2005年湘南H区义务教育状况为样本,运用实地调查和统计分析的研究方法,从教育财政资源、教师资源、学生资源三个方面分析了当前地方公共教育资源配置失衡的状况及其原因。由于长期实行城市偏向的教育政策和重点校制度,形成了农村教育和城市教育以及"重点学校"和"普通学校"的天壤之别,从而导致了公共教育资源配置失衡和公共教育的不平等。因此,要最终促进公共教育的均衡发展和公共教育服务的均等化供给,必须纠正原有的政策偏差,进一步统筹城乡发展,加大农村教育投入力度,确保农村教育投入的优先性;必须打破原有办学特权,实现办学点和生源的均衡配置;必须实施鼓励和优惠政策,避免城乡教育"马太效应"的持续恶化。     

中国地方政府公共服务合同外包的发展现状——基于二手数据的分析

近年来,合同外包日益成为地方政府提供公共服务的重要机制。本文基于二手数据,在对地方政府公共服务合同外包发展状况(2000~2009)的概括性分析中发现,2000年以来,地方政府公共服务合同外包发展迅猛,其应用的广泛性和深入性均前所未有,并且逐步迈入法制化轨道。由于影响合同外包成效的因素相当复杂,政府显然缺乏相关操作经验,无论是在合同外包的决策当中还是在实施当中,"审慎"是最明智的策略。