印度生物燃料政策及其对中国的启示

能源短缺、环境恶化、经济不景气是当今世界面临的三大主要问题,可再生能源不仅有助于缓解能源短缺、改善环境,还有助于增加就业机会,因此受到各国重视。而生物燃料作为一种可再生能源,因其具有不同于其它可再生能源的优势而受到各国政府青睐,即便在2008年生物燃料备受争议的情况下,印度仍然通过生物燃料政策,值得反思。本文旨在系统梳理印度生物燃料政策,并指出其对我国发展生物燃料的启示。     

印度东向行动政策的特点及其对东南亚地区秩序的影响

印度的东向政策(Look East Policy)自20世纪90年代初启动以来,始终强调与东盟的经贸关系及其他合作,致力扩大自身的经济与战略利益。东向政策是印度在1991年提出的。第一阶段是以东盟为中心,主要集中在贸易和投资领域。第二阶段的特征则在于建立自由贸易区,并在该地区各国与印度间建立制度化的经济联系。当前,印度总理莫迪把印度的东向政策提升为东向行动政策(Act East policy),在体系层面,加强与美国在印—太地区战略互动,与周边国家开展互联互通建设,重视公共外交,运用软实力扩大影响力;结合印度海洋战略,加深与东南亚各国的双边关系,具有强烈的海洋意识,追求大国地位。东南亚作为当前印度东向行动政策的中心区域,在大国梦的推动下,印度将在东南亚地区扮演更加积极的角色,对东南亚地区秩序以及中国一带一路倡议在东南亚地区的推进产生影响。     

21世纪初印度的对华外支政策

核试爆后,印度的外交环境先是恶化后又逐步改善.以核大国身份成为联合国安理会常任理事国是印度当前及今后外交追求的目标.在21世纪初印度外交战略中,中国具有重要地位.印度的对华外交政策是通过接触与遏制相结合的两手策略开展对华外交,使之服务于实现印度外交战略的总目标.     

印度外资政策改革：历程、经验教训和启示——基于文献梳理视角解读

随着外资政策改革不断深化,印度外资政策问题受到国内外学者的广泛关注,相关文献也逐渐增多。本文从印度外资政策改革历程、印度利用外资的经验教训、印度外资政策对中国的启示等方面对印度外资政策改革的研究文献进行梳理,以期深度解读和预测印度外资利用情况。     

How to Tame Your Dragon: An Evaluation of India's Foreign Policy Toward China

In the past 60 years, India-China relations have oscillated between friendship, hostility and indifference. In recent times, both countries have started competing for global economic gains and political status. In light of these events, the objective of this article is to analyze various strategies used by China against India, and India's policy response to these strategies. The article evaluates the process of foreign policy decision making in India, and traces the historical evolution of India's foreign policy towards China. It then deconstructs China's foreign policy towards India, and provides the rationale behind its strategies. The article suggests that after initial engagement with India on the question of boundary disputes, Chinese foreign policy has undergone a dramatic shift since 2007. It specifically evaluates the twin Chinese tactics of military incursions and denial of legitimacy to the Indian territories of Arunachal Pradesh and Ladakh. Based on an analysis of China's previous boundary disputes resolution record with neighbors, these tactics are identified as an extension of China's new strategy for resolving such disputes. The article concludes by suggesting various policy options available to India to counter China's new strategy on the Sino-Indian border.     

印度粮食安全政策及其对我国的启示

粮食安全是中国和印度等发展中农业大国所共同面临的难题。本文从分析印度粮食安全的现状入手,重点研究了印度为实现国家粮食安全而采取的三种政策手段:生产者价格支持政策、农业投入补贴政策和粮食分配政策。基于上述印度粮食政策的架构分析,总结出印度粮食安全所面临的问题和挑战。最后得出印度粮食政策对我国的启示。     

From ‘Rustless Screws’ to ‘Nail Houses’: The Evolution of Property Rights in China

This article addresses property rights in China under four headings. I begin by placing the Chinese case within the larger context of property rights literature. The second section reviews the existing scholarship on property rights in China and identifies existing lacunae. The third section provides the broad contours of the contemporary Chinese intellectual and political discourse over property rights in China. And finally, I offer several cases of property rights that illustrate the variation in the scope of the concept of property rights in China and suggest possible avenues for future research.

The right of property is the guardian of every other right, and to deprive the people of this is in fact to deprive them of their liberty.- Arthur Lee, Virginia, 1775

You reproach us with planning to do away with your property. Precisely so; that is just what we intend.- Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels¹

The fact that a legal or economic model does not exist for an activity or a behavior is no reason to oppose it, because the laws can develop out of experience and practice.- Wu Guoping, Yangtze Water Resources Commission²

     

印度对外贸易政策改革的经验教训

印度对外贸易政策改革20年来积累了比较丰富的成功经验,也存在着一些值得汲取的深刻教训：始终坚持了贸易自由化渐进的、有限的方向,较好地维护了国内产生利益和经济稳定;积极利用WTO所允许的政策措施合法地实现贸易保护;注重技术密集型产品对印度可持续发展的推动作用而相对忽略了劳动密集型产品在现阶段对印度经济增长、增加就业等方面的促进作用。     

China and Japan: ‘Hot Economics,Cold Politics’

According to integration theory, growing economic interdependence between China and Japan should have spilled over into more cordial political relations. The opposite occurred, as summarized in the phrase “hot economics, cold politics.” Even as both sides acknowledge the value of cooperation for shared benefit, commercial and strategic rivalries have intensified, calling into question the validity of integration theory.     

印度信息产业的发展背景与政策实施

印度的信息产业具有世界领先的地位,不但起步早,且发展也很快,这与拉吉夫·甘地个人的作用是分不开的.他在80年代就任印度总理期间,审时度势地提出了科技兴国的口号,与此同时,也出台了一系列鼓励信息产业的发展及培养这方面人才的措施.作者认为,印度信息产业成功的经验是值得我们借鉴的.     

‘Unlawful Combatants’: The West's Treatment of Irregular Fighters in the ‘War on Terror’

The West's treatment of irregular fighters in the “war on terror” was highly problematic. This article contends that we must look beyond the assumption that political and strategic considerations compromised the law and led to the “invention” of the category of the “unlawful combatant.” Rather, the law of armed conflict itself includes strong exclusionary mechanisms towards irregular fighters. These exclusionary strands in the law came to dominate the West's strategic decision-making on the treatment of irregular fighters. Moreover, the fact that irregular fighters became such a vital issue post-9/11 was not a result of the war on terror being a new kind of war, as has often been argued. Rather, this article suggests that it reflects an identity crisis of the West's regular armed forces at the start of the twenty-first century.     

印度对第一次印支战争的政策演变

印度独立后对印度支那人民的反法斗争采取中立的＂不卷入＂政策,但到1954年日内瓦会议前后,印度抛弃＂不卷入＂政策,以外交斡旋的方式积极介入调停。印度在日内瓦会议上的外交斡旋促进了日内瓦协议的签订。印度对第一次印度支那战争的政策演变是印度对国家利益认知不断提升的结果。     

India's Involvement in the South China Sea Disputes

India has long maintained a cautious stance on the South China Sea issue.As the regional situation has shifted,government statements began showing stronger support of claims from Vietnam and the Philippines and New Delhi began taking a series of practical moves to get involved in the dispute.Compared with the active and committed involvement of the US and Japan on this issue,India's position has not been stable.India and Vietnam have cooperated closely in the security arena in disputed waters,despite strong protest from China.     

二十世纪以来印度中国研究的脉络和基本特征

二十世纪初,印度的中国研究开始起步。1947年独立以前,它以涉及中国文化的汉学研究为核心。独立以后,由于中印边界冲突和美苏冷战等复杂因素使印度的中国研究开始转型,汉学研究逐渐边缘化,让位于中国现实问题研究。随着中印关系逐步正常化,印度的汉学研究重见起色。     

India's Role in the South China Sea: Geopolitics and Geoeconomics in Play

This article looks at the South China Sea, an area of dispute between China and other littoral states, as a new area of geopolitical and geoeconomic interest for India. The article follows the strategic discourse on the South China Sea circulating in the Indian government and wider strategic community, and brings in Chinese responses and interpretations of India's involvement. India's role in the South China Sea is four-fold: first, naval deployments; second, increasing strategic-military links with littoral states like Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam; third, economic involvement of Indian energy companies in South China Sea waters; and fourth, discussions between India and other regional and extra-regional China-concerned powers about the South China Sea. India's involvement in the South China Sea represents a new development in its Look East Policy, a new balancing factor in the interplay of actors within these waters, and a new friction factor within India-China relations.     

论冷战后印度的“东向政策”

冷战后,印度全方位的东向政策引人注目.东向政策的成功与冷战后世界局势变化和印度国际地位上升有关,也与印度和东南亚国家在政治经济战略考量上存在一些接近之处有关.但印度的国内问题和印巴危机、印度的大国构想与东南亚国家"平衡外交"策略的冲突、中美日等亚太大国在东南亚的竞争等因素都使"东向政策"的发展受到制约.     

The Biden Administration's Policy Toward Southeast Asia: Momentum,Motivation and Challenges

After Biden took office,the United States,on the basis of inheriting the main framework of the Trump administration's Southeast Asia policy,has gradually increased its strategic input in Southeast Asia to expand the depth and breadth of cooperation with Southeast Asian countries.First,consolidate its diplomatic influence.     

国际金融危机下印度外国直接投资政策的调整

随着百年不遇的金融危机不断蔓延,新兴经济实体印度正遭受越来越强烈的冲击。面对资金严重短缺、外资大量流失和社会不稳定等不利的投资环境,印度政府积极调整外资政策,以应对国际金融危机的冲击。实践证明,印度谨慎的引资政策在应对金融危机中凸显出较强的优势并取得显著绩效,值得与之国情相似的中国思考。     

The ‘Demand-Side’: Avoiding a Nuclear-Armed Iran

This article examines the historical record of “nuclear rollback” and the motivations for Iran's apparent pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability in order to identify the broad principles that should guide U.S. and international efforts to resolve the nuclear crisis with Iran.¹ The author argues that Iran, like all states, seeks security and respect. For many Iranians, the past three decades provide proof that such security and respect can only be attained with a strategic nuclear deterrent. In 2009, if the United States can show Tehran a genuine path to security and prestige that does not require nuclear weapons, Tehran might give it serious consideration. However, if the United States and the international community fail to address Iran's legitimate need for security or its desire for international respect, Bowman believes it may only be a matter of time until Iran obtains a nuclear weapons capability.