论联合国改革

本文扼要回顾了联合国改革的艰难历程,认为联合国改革之所以步履维艰,主要原因在于它难以克服五大矛盾。文章认为,联合国改革的核心是民主化问题,只要霸权主义和强权政治不铲除,在联合国内就不可能实现真正的民主化,也不可能进行真正的改革。只有在联合国全体会员国特别是大国有了共同政治意愿的情况下,才有可能克服五大矛盾,进而使改革取得突破性进展。     

非洲与联合国改革

长期以来,非洲在国际格局中一直处于边缘地带.但是随着近年来政治形势渐趋好转和经济的持续增长,非洲的国际处境也相应出现了改善.非洲对国际事务的作用及影响有所上升.尤其是在今年以来的联合国改革之争中,非洲的表现令人刮目.由于发展水平落后的牵制,非洲在国际上仍处于相对弱势地位."争常"对非洲既是机遇,也是挑战.目前,非洲正努力抓住机遇,以积极主动的姿态争取国际决策权.     

试述国际安全体系转型中的联合国改革

联合国集体安全机制改革是当前国际安全体系转型中的重要一环.国际安全体系的深刻变化是联合国改革的原动力,而联合国集体安全机制对国际安全体系和平转型的贡献,将取决于其改革和制度创新多大程度上能够适应和管理国际安全威胁多元化和复杂化的新现实,以及如何在国际体系转型中强化联合国集体安全机制的能力建设.     

联合国改革:一项重大的国际政治建设工程

联合国成立半个多世纪以来,国际形势和其本身的构成都发生了沧桑巨变,超级大国推 行单边主义,使其面临空前严峻挑战。这些使联合国改革,确定其在新形势下的正确定 位和走向,提上了重要而迫切的议程。安理会是联合国改革的主要着力点。宜适当增加 发展中国家在安理会中的席位,以加强联合国的代表性和权威性。现有的安理会五个常 任理事国的否决权是历史形成的,不宜改变。新增的常任理事国不宜享有否决权。经社 理事会和联合国其他机构也须进行必要改革,以使之能快速而高效运转。联合国及其 《宪章》始终符合时代的需要和国际社会的根本利益,是不可取代和或缺的。其需要改 革和完善,但没有也不会过时。超级大国用霸权逻辑改造联合国和篡改联合国宪章的图 谋是不会得逞的。     

联合国改革的现实基础

联合国改革是指为了适应国际关系的变化和提高效率,而对联合国进行的机构性演变的过程。联合国自身发展的需要和国际关系的变化,是联合国改革的内外动因。"9.11"事件后,国际法律秩序的危机成了影响联合国改革进程的重要因素之一。     

巴勒斯坦入联的国际博弈与体系责任

对于巴勒斯坦正式申请加入联合国,国际社会目前存在着明显的分歧,并形成了多种博弈力量、因素以及错综复杂的博弈格局。美国、以色列等少数国家主张入联附加条件,要求巴勒斯坦在和以色列达成最终和平协议以后才能被接纳为会员国,而法国则提出过渡入联方案,即暂时给予巴勒斯坦观察员国身份,金砖国家等大多数国家主张接纳巴勒斯坦为联合国正式会员国。从物质层面上的博弈力量来看,各方的博弈在权力与实力层面没有构成明显的力量悬殊。从非物质性的博弈力量来看,国际观念、原则、规范将对巴勒斯坦入联发挥重大的支撑作用。巴勒斯坦入联是一个事关民族自决、中东和平安全,以及国际社会整体利益的重大国际问题。因此,在是否接纳巴勒斯坦加入联合国的问题上,国际社会成员承担着重大的体系责任,联合国会员国和安理会成员不应任意地裁量行使其手中的特权。基于在实现民族自决权与人权保护上所承担的义务,国际社会有责任给予巴勒斯坦正式会员国身份。     

The Uses and Limits of the Model United Nations in an International Relations Classroom

The Model United Nations, already a mainstay of many undergraduate institutions, not only provides a useful framework for particular classes, but also offers an opportunity to integrate several elements of an undergraduate international studies curriculum. However, it is not without challenges for the instructor. To use the Model United Nations format effectively requires the instructor to plan carefully, coordinate activities with the other elements of a class, and never allow the game to overwhelm the learning. When done correctly, the excitement generated by the Model United Nations can be a key for opening the world to students who might otherwise have drifted through the mandatory introduction to international relations. The process of student teaching student, both within and across courses, is beneficial for the experienced student and the novice alike, encouraging peer interaction and cooperative learning. As an instructional device, the Model UN is not a panacea, but a valuable supplement to more conventional teaching methods.     

联合国改革与中国和平发展的国际政治环境

联合国受美国的影响较大 ,在美国单边主义影响较大的条件下 ,联合国较难发挥其正常作用 ,但美国也不可能完全抛开联合国 ;联合国是中国和平发展的重要的国际政治环境 ,与中国重要国家利益的有着密切的关联 ;中国不仅要适应联合国这一国际政治环境的特性 ,而且作为一个大国 ,也应采取积极的措施 ,改善和优化这一环境。     

联合国的民主及其治理

冷战结束后,联合国在众多国际领域的治理及其影响日益广泛,对联合国的民主问责便成为理论和现实中的一种必然要求.本文从联合国成员内部的民主、成员间民主和全球民主三个层次考察了联合国的民主之内涵.在此基础上阐述了联合国的民主治理及其治理机制完善的主要变革途径.     

Europe's Role in the United Nations

Two years after the popular mobilisations in Egypt and Tunisia of early 2011, post-uprising authorities, including the Islamist parties that came to power, have failed to deliver on the demands for social justice that triggered those protests. They have responded to past and present socio-economic challenges by adopting measures that are in clear continuity with previous regimes and lacking any coherent long-term vision of economic reform. Indeed, albeit with differences between the two countries, post-uprising authorities, lacking experience and competence, have not fully broken with the old system in reconfiguring power relations within and outside state institutions and have continued to adopt a top-down approach to economic decision-making.     

United Nations Office for Partnerships

正The United Nations Office for Partnerships(UNOP)strives to serve as agateway for partnership building between the private sector,foundations and other non-State actors and the United Nations system in furtherance of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).UNOP’s field of work falls into three integrated areas:The Office serves as the operational interface between the United Nations Foundation and the United Nations system in support of high-impact projects implemented throughout the world by UN system agencies;     

International System Transformation： History and Reality

The international system has undergone two major transformations in modern history, first from a loose, scattered regional pattern into a centrally unified global structure, then from British to American domination of such a global architecture. A third one is underway. East-West condominium will potentially replace the current US or West-led global order. Based on historical experience, this article attempts to make a forward-looking analysis of the way, direction and form of the unfolding trajectory through exploring the general law governing this process.     

Voting in the United Nations security council

Recently, both within and outside of the U.N. there have been serious debates on certain proposals which are aimed at changing the voting structure of the Security Council. However, neither the proponents nor the opponents of these proposals provide any evidence whatsoever about consequences of the change. This paper has dealt with two critical areas: 1) the role of the veto in the functioning of the U.N. is analyzed and articulated and 2) recent proposals to change the voting structure of the Council are analyzed and their theoretical consequences are identified.     

The unwanted child of the United Nations?

This article details and defends the role of the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA). UN involvement in population activities has come under attack by Marxists, Catholics, and other forces. Although the Fund provides assistance for activities in the area of population, including family planning, it is not an agency for world population control. Establishment of a strong UN role in population assistance has not reduced other forms of development assistance. The UNFPA stresses the need for development decision making at the local level and the link between population and development. Assistance is provided only after a request has been made, and no particular view of either problem or solution is imposed. In the 1st 3 years of operation, funds dispersed by the UNFPA increased 10-fold. The steady increase in requests may reflect distrust on the part of governments for bilateral population aid.     

联合国的现在与未来

“9·1 1事件”一年来 ,联合国在国际反恐中发挥了重要作用。 2 0 0 2年 8月 2 6日 ,联合国在南非召开了可持续发展“地球峰会” ,有一百多个国家的政府领导人与会。 9月1 0日 ,第 57届联大揭幕。联合国的地位、作用及其在 2 1世纪的发展前景再次成为人们关注与思考的焦点。为此 ,本期特邀请中国现代国际关系研究所的几位专家 ,以联合国的现在与未来为题举行对谈 ,就联合国的发展演变、其地位与作用的变化、特别是“9·1 1”后联合国面临的新使命和新挑战及 2 1世纪发展前景等问题 ,进行了探讨。或许 ,这些探讨还有欠深入 ,如能由此引发您的进一步思考并就相关问题提出新观点、新看法 ,将是我们的最大收获。     

联合国与中东和平进程

联合国是二战后全球性的国际组织 ,在国际事务中所起的作用举足轻重。本文主要论述了联合国对巴勒斯坦问题态度的演变 ,联合国被美国排挤出中东和平进程以及在中东问题上的困境与出路 ,揭示了中东和平进程出现逆转的国际因素。