本体与属性：监狱惩罚的新界定

我国传统刑罚学中关于惩罚的研究范式仅囿于＂惩罚为了什么＂,实际上,应该对惩罚的本体即＂惩罚是什么＂作出深入分析。惩罚是国家基于报应主义或功利主义的立场,对被判定为有罪的人有计划、有组织地施加痛苦的一种方式。当人类进入到近现代社会后,惩罚则由一种方式转变为一种机制时,监狱惩罚便由此承担了其历史赋予的重任。监狱惩罚是对惩罚的现实兑现,是通过时间、空间和制度等安排实现对惩罚的物化。监狱惩罚的法律属性从历史和逻辑出发都可以定性为监狱的本质机能,而改造机能只能为次生机能。     

The ‘pains’ of electronic monitoring: a slap on the wrist or just as bad as prison?

The purpose of this research is to examine whether inmates that have served electronic monitoring (EM) find it more punitive than offenders that have not served electronic monitoring. We asked a sample of 1194 inmates currently incarcerated in a Midwestern state to estimate exchange rates of electronic monitoring over prison by rating how many months of EM they would serve to avoid 12 months in prison. The results indicate that inmates view EM as less punitive than prison and that monitored offenders find EM more punitive than unmonitored offenders. Additionally, black inmates were more likely to have served EM than white inmates and older inmates find EM more punitive than younger inmates. Previously monitored offenders report that they will be less likely to rely on family and friends upon release from prison. These results suggest that EM is perceived as a punitive sanction by those that have experienced it. Furthermore, racial differences uncovered here may help explain why minorities view alternative sanctions as particularly punitive and may also partially explain why the experience of EM may negatively impact family relationship among those that have served EM.     

Humanising Imprisonment: A European project?

This paper focuses on the continued significance of human rights in the movement to develop a more comprehensive European framework to improve prison conditions. It identifies the immediate factors that underlie the movement as the successful implementation of the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment and Punishment; the growing number of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights applying the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms to prison matters; the expansion of the number of member states of the Council of Europe; and the increased political interest at European level in penological matters. Attention is also paid to the wider ideological role that a concern for human rights plays in European criminal justice politics. The paper illustrates the reform movement by focussing on recent recommendations of the Council of Europe on various aspects of imprisonment, including the new European Prison Rules. The possible emergence of an international instrument of treaty status that would deal directly with substantive conditions of imprisonment is noted and its potential impact considered. An argument is made for the systemisation of European prison law and for further reform initiatives.     

论刑期折抵的若干问题

刑期折抵是一项重要的刑法制度,可被折抵的"刑期"只能是宣告刑;从刑期与刑种的关系看,刑期折抵被折抵的刑种只能是有刑期的自由刑或有数额的财产刑或有刑期的资格刑。刑期折抵以"先行羁押"的客观存在为前提,即,在法定判决(或新判决)执行前被告人有被强制剥夺或限制人身自由的事实;此外,适用刑期折抵的条件还有,被强制剥夺或限制人身自由的事实理由又被刑事追诉和判处某些法定刑罚,并且,它与刑事追诉之间有密切的关联性。     

暂予监外执行的本质：功利人道与公正人道的统一——兼论我国暂予监外执行制度的完善

暂予监外执行是本应在监禁机构行刑的犯罪人暂时变更到监禁机构外进行刑罚执行，其本质特征应为行刑人道主义，行刑人道主义分为功利的人道与公正的人道两种不同理念。建议我国暂予监外执行制度变更为暂停监禁刑罚执行制度。在构建我国暂停监禁刑罚执行制度中，遇到保护个体的功利人道与保障社会整体的公正人道冲突时，应做出保障个体功利人道的价值选择。     

The negligence of prison authorities and the protection of prisoner’s rights

This article looks at the potential for legal action brought by prisoners (and their dependants) who have suffered from the alleged neglect of the prison authorities. The article will examine the case law in this area to assess the success of prisoners’ negligence claims and whether such claims are unduly fettered by judicial attitudes and other more practical issues such as the difficulty in establishing a breach of duty. In particular the article will consider whether the law and its application has been, or should be, modified in the light of new obligations imposed on public authorities, including the courts, by the Human Rights Act 1998 and by the developing case law of the European Court of Human Rights in respect of Convention rights such as the right to life and freedom from inhuman and degrading treatment.     

对“刑罚的执行”法律定位的学理思考——兼论我国监狱法典的完善

在我国监狱法中 ,刑罚的执行被定位在与狱政管理、教育改造等并列的层次上。本文认为 ,这一定位是报应刑罚思想和新中国行刑领域中的“三位一体”观念的产物 ,很难自圆其说。无论从历史看 ,还是从逻辑看 ,刑罚的执行是狱政管理、教育改造等的上位概念 ,因此 ,监狱法应对刑罚的执行重新定位     

论监狱的功能——以监狱的社会属性为研究视角

监狱是社会制度发展的附属物,也是刑罚发展的衍生物。监狱作为国家刑罚的执行机关,同时又是社会安全的保障机器。监狱是属于社会属性的范畴,监狱与社会在逻辑上是部分与整体的关系,监狱的这种根植于社会的属性,决定了监狱与社会有不可分割的关系。对社会来说,监狱的存在即是发挥着它在社会中应有的作用。监狱是维护社会秩序的工具,监狱作为刑罚执行的最主要主体,国家通过刑罚来保障社会公共安全和社会秩序的稳定,彰显着其独特的隔离关押、犯罪控制和罪犯再社会化的社会功能。     

The Pains of Imprisonment Revisited: The Impact of Strain on Inmate Recidivism

Recent research suggests that imprisonment may increase subsequent levels of offending, but it is not clear why this is the case. Drawing on general strain theory (GST), this study examines whether exposure to the strains associated with imprisonment affects recidivism. These strains include direct victimization, the perception of a threatening prison environment, and hostile relationships with correctional officers. Consistent with GST, data from a sample of 1,613 recently released inmates in Ohio suggest that certain types of these strains do increase the likelihood of recidivism. These results challenge specific deterrence theory and claims by public officials that painful prisons will reduce reoffending.     

论我国拘役刑的废除

拘役刑作为我国刑罚的五种主刑之一,在我国1979年和1997年的刑法中均有规定,但其作为一种短期自由刑具有一定的缺陷,其存废之争也开始兴起。本文在简要介绍我国拘役刑的概况后,将具体分析废除我国拘役刑的理由,最后提出废除拘役刑后我国的刑罚体系的完善方案。     

论教育学学科的学术建构

尽管教育学的主题随着时代精神的变化而变化，但教育学的核心问题、基本问题则始终未变，教育学的发展需要围绕这些问题进行始终不断地反思，我们需要与前人进行不断的对话。今天教育学的学术建构尤其应回到教育学的经典思想之中。我们需要树立“大教育学”的观念，不应仅仅停留于所谓纯粹的教育学典籍，而是将目光投向所有凝聚着教育思想与智慧的典籍中去。随着教育学学术性的确立，教育学学科发展需要我们重新明确教育学的学科视阈，并着力在实践关怀的同时进行学术性的重新建构。     

论法律概念的实践逻辑——兼论案例教学法的理论基础

法律概念与自然科学概念至少存在两个方面区别:法律概念具有实践性,自然科学概念具有理论性;大部分法律概念具有类同性,大部分自然科学概念具有相同性。实践性构成了法律概念的本体论特征,类同性构成了法律概念的逻辑特征。因此,法律概念具有自身的实践逻辑。兰戴尔最先提倡的案例教学法是建立在一种有缺陷的法律科学构想基础上的。法律概念的实践逻辑构成案例教学法的理论基础。     

Justice and organizational punishment: Attitudinal outcomes of disciplinary events

This study utilized a justice framework to investigate punished subordinates' attitudinal reactions to specific disciplinary events. Results suggested that personality variables (negative affectivity and belief in a just world) influenced subordinate perceptions of the disciplinary event. In addition, belief in a just world had a direct effect on satisfaction with the supervisor, intention to leave, and organizational commitment. Contrary to expectations, harshness (a distributive aspect of the event) influenced perceptions of procedural justice and attitudes toward the institution (organizational commitment) and the leader (trust in supervisor), in addition to its influence on perceptions of distributive justice. The influence of procedural aspects of the event on attitudinal outcomes varied by dependent variable. The implications for future research and for management are discussed.     

试论清代不应得为律的适用——以规则分析和案例实证为中心

有清一代，统治者通过不断修例赋予不应为律条新的功能，在其固有的“庶补遗阙”、“以德礼坊民”的功能基础之上，更使不应为律承担了不断加强对基层社会有效管理的任务。其意图也在司法适用过程中得以完全展现。清代法官在司法实践中引用不应为律科断，正是建立在对情罪相符、社会有效控制及澄清吏治等目标实现的基础之上。