论我国教育行政裁判委员会的设立

任何一个法治国家都不会允许存在任何超出法律限制和约束的权力,学校的权力当然也不例外。因此,法治国家大多为学校的权力设置了种种必要的法律界限,并为教育行政相对人受到教育行政机关行政行为侵害时提供了权利救济的方式。但我国目前有关教育纠纷解决的方式存在着诸多程序和制度上的缺陷,使得教育行政相对人不能较好地通过法律实现自己的救济权利。为此,应完善我国教育行政救济的方式,将目前设立在教育机关内部的处理教育纠纷的工作部门独立出来设置教育行政裁判委员会,规范其运行程序及范围,使其更好地解决教育领域内与行政管理有关的纠纷。     

论行政执行权利控制的必要性

行政执行权力是行政机关依法管理国家事务,执行国家决策的基本权利.行政执行权利不断扩张的内在必然性和自身的特性,使其可能危及国家的统一,社会的稳定,经济的发展,极易造成对公民个人权利的侵害、权利异化和权力腐败的滋生.对行政执行权利进行控制,有利于保证国家统一,社会稳定,体现人民民主专政,防止权力异化,保障人民的基本权利,促使行政机关依法行政,使行政权利能够正确行使和高效发挥,因此,对行政执行权利进行控制是十分必要的.     

论行政权力中的权利要素

行政权力作为国家权力的一种，与我们每个公民的权利是息息相关的。本文从行政权力的来源和行政合同两个方面阐述了行政机关在行使行政权力时权利要素的体现，从而让我们更加明确行政权力和权利的关系。     

行政场域及其权利实现

从行政法意义上审视,行政活动和行政作用空间恰好耦合为一个行政场域。在行政场域中,行政主体享有权力,行政相对人享有权利。行政相对人的权利实现过程十分复杂,其中,许多权利的实现过程实际上就是行政的过程。一方面,行政相对人的权利实现过程是权力与权利合作的过程;另一方面,行政相对人的权利实现过程又是权力与权利博弈的过程。     

论实体性正当程序

“实体性正当程序”要求权力的行使必须具有正当的目的.实体性正当程序是一种权力制约机制,同时也是一种权利保护和权利生成机制,它在程序性正当程序的基础上揭示了正当法律程序的完整内涵.由于实体性正当程序具有防范、揭露权力滥用的功能,它对于当下中国的行政法治建设具有重要的参考和借鉴意义.     

论行政机关行政权利

提到行政机关,人们想到的往往是权力而非权利,对于行政机关是否可以享有权利,传统观点持否定态度,认为行政机关应摒弃权利。但行政机关的权利以及行政人员的权利是不应彻底拒绝的,并且也是确实存在的。只有正视行政权利、保障合理性行政权利,才能使权力的行使更为有效。     

公法权利的实践——结社现象的法学意义

我国公法权利实践之所以可能,主要是与公法本身的发展分不开的,私法权利实践也起到了积极的推进作用,而思想观念的变化、普法教育的开展以及法律体系的完善和法治原则深入人心,都从不同角度、不同层次为我国公法权利实践提供着可能性。从公民结社权的实践来看,我国公法权利实践的最重要特点是,它是依附于行政权力的权利,是需要行政权力提供保护的权利。约束行政权力,改变依附于权力的现状,并使之成为真正具有法律意义的权利,是我国公法权利实践未来发展的大致方向。     

对大学生四六级考试引发教育行政诉讼案的思考

教育行政诉讼是行政相对人在穷尽了教育行政申诉和行政复议等行政救济渠道后,采取的一条司法途径。在教育行政方面,权力向权利的回归表现为司法审查对学校自治有限介入。教育行政诉讼案件通过法院的判决,除了行政相对人的权益得到保护外,个人也对高校和学生权利和义务会有更清晰的认识。     

行政权力权利化研究

以往有关权力权利关系理论范畴的研究重点是何者为本源以及二者之间的目的与手段关系。随着给付行政模式的展开和授益行政行为的增多,非强制行政领域开始出现和得到拓展,权力的强制性逐步为法律的强制性所取代,传统行政权力中的暴力、武力、强力等因素或成份开始萎缩,行政权力权利化倾向日渐明显。实证动态敦促学界必须加紧研究权力权利关系中尚未研究的领域,如权力权利的同源性、互为形式与目的、互相转化、权力权利化的负面效果及其排解等。     

国家海上行政管辖权研究

国家在主权海域、其他管辖海域、公海等具有不同的权利和义务,因此国家海上行政管辖权的权力依据和权限范围不同.沿海国在领水除开例外情况具有属地管辖优越权;而在其他管辖海域,则基于既定的主权权利、管辖权和其他权利而行使保护性行政管辖权.在公海,船旗国具有专属管辖权,仅在例外情况下辅之利害关系国以一定管辖权.     

Transparency and doubt: Understanding and interpretation in pragmatics and in law

Correspondence on this paper and offprint requests should be addressed to Professor Marcelo Dascal, Department of Philosophy, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. We thank Dennis Kurzon for helpful remarks on an early draft.     

浅谈高校消防工作存在的问题及对策

消防工作关系到人民的生命和财产安全，关系到国家的稳定和发展。高校国家教育人才的基地，学生集体居住地，极易发生火灾，形成群死群伤，故高校消防工作是必不可少的，且责任重于泰山。     

Creatine phosphokinase in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, and microscopic findings in brain and heart in hypothermic rabbits

Signs of hypothermia injury were studied in rabbits cooled to a core temperature of 30 degrees C by immersion in ice water and thereafter rewarmed to 35 degrees C. Anaesthetized control rabbits were kept normothermic (37 degrees C) for a corresponding time (4 h). Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity increased 24 h after hypothermia to 20-fold in serum. In cerebrospinal fluid the activity was already significantly (5-fold) increased after hypothermia and was still as high at 24 h. Smaller increase was also found in the control normothermic rabbits both in serum (10-fold) and cerebrospinal fluid (2-fold). The values had returned to the initial level after 1 week. Small haemorrhages were observed in the brain at 24 h and slight scarring was seen in the myocardium of some rabbits which had lived 4 weeks following hypothermia. The results indicate that CPK can be a useful marker in the diagnostics of hypothermia death, especially in cerebrospinal fluid, which is less affected than blood by autolysis.     

Trends and Developments in Program Evaluation in General and Criminal Justice Programs in Particular

The paper first describes general trends in evaluation in (mainly) western societies. Why is evaluation growing, what are the characteristics of this ‘growth industry’ and what developments are occurring outside western societies? Trends in the evaluation of criminal justice programs in the USA, the UK and the Netherlands are then discussed. Two important developments are therafter highlighted: experimental evaluations and theory-driven evaluations. Both approaches are discussed, and some pros and cons are listed. Finally, the paper outlines some challenges for future work in the evaluation of criminal justice programs, stressing the importance of combining good designs with both program and social science theories.     

静态与动态——英汉用词差异及其翻译

英汉用词差异很大：英语倾向于多用名词、介词、形容词等呈静态词类,是一种静态的语言;汉语倾向于多用动词,叙述呈动态,是一种动态的语言。蕴藏在语言表面形态差异之下的是中西方思维、哲学观和文化心理的巨大差异。英汉两种语言的互译要充分尊重译入语的表达习惯。因此,词类静态动态灵活转换的翻译策略对提高译文质量有着重要意义。     

Legal and ethical issues in microbicides research and development in Canada

The Canadian AIDS Society (CAS) recently completed a report entitled Microbicides Development and Delivery in Canada: Legal, Ethical and Human Rights Issues. The report builds on Canadian and international experience and was written in consultation with Canadian community and international experts. It is available on the CAS website (www.cdnaids.ca) and from the Canadian HIV/AIDS Information Centre (www.aidssida.cpha.ca) as of September 2004. In this article the report's author, Anna Alexandrova, argues that Canada needs to develop a microbicides development and delivery strategy that addresses research and development issues, outlines possible roles for meaningful community participation, and provides guidelines on funding, promotion, licensing, and distribution.     

Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility in Profit- and in Non-Profit-Organizations

Corporate Governance governs corporations. To discuss the law and economics of corporations, their performance on the market and management control by legislation and government, is to discuss Corporate Governance. Now, Corporate Governance is being challenged by a new concept to conceive the role of corporations in the world and to control their managers: this is the concept of Corporate Social Responsibilty (CSR). This concept focuses on other than merely profit centered functions of corporations; rather, performance of corporations is measured by criteria of good corporate citizenship. In the Non-Profit sector, corporations also play a major role, although organizations in this sector typically differ from business corporations in several aspects. Yet, deficits of transparency and control of NPO are being discussed here as well. The tendency is to draw from the concept of corporate governance to develop appropriate remedies. Furthermore, the discussion of Corporate Social Responsibilty has also made its way to the NPO sector.     

Racial Disparity in Police Stop and Searches in England and Wales

Data published by the United Kingdom’s Ministry for Justice clearly shows that, compared to persons who were White, members of racial minorities in England, particularly Blacks, were far more likely to be stopped and searched by the police. The question is whether such racial disparity in stops and searches could be justified by racial disparities in offending? Or whether the disparity in stop and searches exceeded the disparity in offending? This paper proposes a method for measuring the amount of excess in racial disparity in police stop and searches. Using the most recently published Ministry of Justice data (for 2007/08) for Police Areas in England and Wales it concludes that while in several Areas there was no excess to racial disparity in police stop and searches, there was, on the basis of the methodology proposed in the paper, evidence of such excess in some Police Areas of England and Wales.