共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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目的研究家兔唾液中氯胺酮及代谢物去甲氯胺酮浓度与血药浓度的相关性。方法实验家兔分为氯胺酮灌胃组(6只)、静脉注射组(6只)和对照组(6只),分别于染毒前、后不同时间点收集唾液和血液。采用气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)全扫描定性、气相色谱(GC)定量分析样品中氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮的浓度。采用双变量Pearson相关分析研究唾液中药物浓度和血药浓度的相关性。结果氯胺酮灌胃组和静脉注射组给药后各时间点氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮在唾液和血液中的浓度相关系数(r)范围为0.80-0.95。结论氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮在唾液和血液中的浓度均有良好的相关性,根据唾液药物浓度推断血药浓度可用于氯胺酮滥用的法医学鉴定。 相似文献
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<正> 在对中毒活人体内毒物的法医学检测中(如取血进行滥用药物的检测),有时检材量太少。近年来,已有人提出唾液代替血作为检材或作为血的补充检材。本文综述毒物在唾液中的排泄资料,以探讨唾液在毒物的法医学检测中的应用价值。 相似文献
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依据国家科技部基础性科研项目《毛发中毒(药)物鉴定标准及其质量控制》成果和鉴定实践的经验总结,吸纳了国外在证据认定和规范管理上的优势,提出毛发中滥用药物分析方法标准化的建议,对毛发采集方法、毛发清洗方法、毛发中滥用药物提取方法、毛发中滥用药物分析方法及结果的判断、毛发分析的质量控制等进行规范,供同行讨论、实践比对、修正和完善。 相似文献
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体内滥用药物分析方法(Ⅱ)——毛发中滥用药物分析方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
依据国家科技部基础性科研项目<毛发中毒(药)物鉴定标准及其质量控制>成果和鉴定实践的经验总结,吸纳了国外在证据认定和规范管理上的优势,提出毛发中滥用药物分析方法标准化的建议,对毛发采集方法、毛发清洗方法、毛发中滥用药物提取方法、毛发中滥用药物分析方法及结果的判断、毛发分析的质量控制等进行规范,供同行讨论、实践比对、修正和完善. 相似文献
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目的研究家兔尿液中氯胺酮及代谢物去甲氯胺酮浓度与血药浓度的动态相关性。方法实验家兔分为氯胺酮灌胃组、静脉注射组和对照组,分别于染毒前和染毒后不同时间点收集尿液和血液。气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)全扫描定性、气相色谱(GC)定量分析血液和尿液样品中氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮的浓度。采用双变量Pearson相关分析研究尿液中药物浓度和血药浓度的相关性。结果氯胺酮灌胃组和静脉注射组给药后各时间点氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮在尿液和血液中的浓度相关系数范围在0.11~0.69之间。结论氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮在尿液和血液中的浓度相关性较差,尿液药物浓度并不能直接反映血药浓度,因此用尿液中氯胺酮浓度推断血药浓度时应慎重考虑。 相似文献
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药物滥用影响社会生活,威胁人民健康,是一个严重的社会问题。确定药物滥用的技术方法,有TLC、GC、HPLC、GC-MS及免疫学方法等;样品有血、尿、胃内容物、脏器、唾液等,头发也是经常遇到的检材。它具有采样简单、携带方便、易长期保存等优点,在法医鉴定中具有更重要的意义。采用GC-MS方法对成嫣者头发样品中的滥用药物进行分析鉴定,可检出吗啡、可待因、6一单乙酸基吗啡、乙酸可待因与海洛因。该法样品处理方法简单(甲醇一步超声提取),样品用量少(20毫克即可),检测结果准确可靠,现报告如下。材料与方法一、仪器与试剂1… 相似文献
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Although saliva or oral fluid “lacks the drama of blood, the sincerity of sweat and the emotional appeal of tears”, quoting Mandel in 1990 [I.D. Mandel, The diagnostic uses of saliva, J. Oral Pathol. Med. 19 (1990) 119–125], it is now meeting the demand for inexpensive, non-invasive and easy-to-use diagnostic aids for oral and systemic diseases, drug monitoring and detection of illicit use of drugs of abuse, including alcohol. As the salivary secretion is a reflex response controlled by both parasympathetic and sympathetic secretomotor nerves, it can be influenced by several stimuli. Moreover, patients taking medication which influences either the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system, or medication which mimic the latter as a side effect, will have an altered salivary composition and salivary volume. Patients suffering from certain systemic diseases may present the same salivary alterations. The circadian rhythm determines both the volume of saliva that will and can be secreted and the salivary electrolyte concentrations. Dietary influences and the patient's age also have an impact on composition and volume of saliva. The latter implies a wide variation in composition both inter- and intra-individually. Sampling must therefore be performed under standardized conditions. The greatest advantage, when compared to blood sample collection, is that saliva is readily accessible and collectible. Consequently, it can be used in clinically difficult situations, such as in children, handicapped and anxious patients, where blood sampling could be a difficult act to perform. 相似文献
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Although saliva or oral fluid "lacks the drama of blood, the sincerity of sweat and the emotional appeal of tears", quoting Mandel in 1990 [I.D. Mandel, The diagnostic uses of saliva, J. Oral Pathol. Med. 19 (1990) 119-125], it is now meeting the demand for inexpensive, non-invasive and easy-to-use diagnostic aids for oral and systemic diseases, drug monitoring and detection of illicit use of drugs of abuse, including alcohol. As the salivary secretion is a reflex response controlled by both parasympathetic and sympathetic secretomotor nerves, it can be influenced by several stimuli. Moreover, patients taking medication which influences either the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system, or medication which mimic the latter as a side effect, will have an altered salivary composition and salivary volume. Patients suffering from certain systemic diseases may present the same salivary alterations. The circadian rhythm determines both the volume of saliva that will and can be secreted and the salivary electrolyte concentrations. Dietary influences and the patient's age also have an impact on composition and volume of saliva. The latter implies a wide variation in composition both inter- and intra-individually. Sampling must therefore be performed under standardized conditions. The greatest advantage, when compared to blood sample collection, is that saliva is readily accessible and collectible. Consequently, it can be used in clinically difficult situations, such as in children, handicapped and anxious patients, where blood sampling could be a difficult act to perform. 相似文献
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Fartushnyĭ AF 《Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza》1999,44(5):16-19
Information on the lethal doses and concentrations of drugs in biological objects is essential for the diagnosis of drug poisoning. Methods for measuring the concentrations of some drugs in the blood and urine have been developed and tables of lethal doses, concentrations, and metabolism coefficients for drugs most often occurring in forensic medical practice are offered. A method for estimating the drug dose which led to a lethal outcome is suggested. 相似文献
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Saliva stains present a unique challenge in the forensic setting, often challenging the analyst to weigh the value of presumptive indication of the fluid versus the potential for DNA analysis to yield identification information. There are many situations in which determining the presence of a body fluid is probative and further corroborates DNA evidence. That said, even a minute portion of sample consumed by a screening test could mean the difference between a full, partial, or null profile obtained through DNA analysis. The basis of presumptive testing or screening of saliva has historically been based on the presence of amylase, a component found in relatively high concentrations in human saliva versus other body fluids and substances. Though the current available methods for the screening of saliva in a forensic application have grown in number, the popularity of these methods seemingly has not. This study attempts to identify a specific and sensitive saliva screening test by comparing three modern techniques--the recently released SALIgAE, Phadebas, and starch-iodine mini-centrifuge test--on the basis of sensitivity, specificity, mixtures, and simulated casework samples while also considering sample consumption. The Phadebas method for presumptive saliva testing detected dilutions of neat saliva down to 1:200 versus considerably less sensitive results with SALIgAE and the starch-iodine mini-centrifuge test. Utilizing a screening test with a high degree of sensitivity, such as Phadebas, allows an analyst to gain a maximum amount of information in the form of body fluid indication and DNA results because of the consumption of a small portion of sample. 相似文献
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Isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from saliva and forensic science samples containing saliva. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
D J Walsh A C Corey R W Cotton L Forman G L Herrin C J Word D D Garner 《Journal of forensic sciences》1992,37(2):387-395
Saliva and saliva-stained materials were examined as potential sources of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for DNA analysis and identity testing. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that DNA was isolated and DNA banding patterns suitable for DNA typing were obtained from fresh saliva and various saliva-stained materials, such as envelopes, buccal swabs, gags, and cigarettes. Furthermore, DNA and DNA banding patterns were obtained from actual forensic evidentiary samples containing mixed saliva/semen stains. The DNA banding patterns obtained from saliva or saliva-stained material were indistinguishable from the patterns obtained from blood or hair from the same individual. Intact DNA was readily isolated and DNA banding patterns were obtained from saliva stored at -20 degrees C and dried saliva stains stored under varying conditions. We conclude that saliva and saliva-stained material can be good sources of DNA for analysis and for DNA typing in certain forensic settings. 相似文献
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Nakanishi H Ohmori T Hara M Takada A Shojo H Adachi N Saito K 《Journal of forensic sciences》2011,56(Z1):S158-S161
We previously reported that detection of Streptococcus salivarius is feasible for proving the presence of saliva in a forensic sample. Here, a simple and rapid method for the detection of S. salivarius in forensic samples was developed that uses loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The LAMP primer set was designed using S. salivarius-specific sequences of glucosyltransferase K. To simplify the procedure, the sample was prepared by boiling and mutanolysin treatment only, and the entire analytical process was completed within 2.5 h. The cut-off value was set at 0.1 absorbance units, measured at 660 nm, upon termination of the reaction. S. salivarius was identified in all saliva samples, but was not detected in other body fluids or on the skin surface. Using this method, S. salivarius was successfully detected in various mock forensic samples. We therefore suggest that this approach is useful for the identification of saliva in forensic practice. 相似文献
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A rapid method to detect dried saliva stains swabbed from human skin using fluorescence spectroscopy
Soukos NS Crowley K Bamberg MP Gillies R Doukas AG Evans R Kollias N 《Forensic science international》2000,114(3):133-138
Saliva on skin is important in forensic trace evidence. If areas where saliva is present can be outlined, this may lead to DNA analysis and identification. This study describes a rapid and non-destructive method to detect dried saliva on the surface of the skin by fluorescence spectroscopy. Eighty-two volunteers deposited samples of their own saliva on the skin of their ventral forearm. A control sample of water was deposited at three different sites on the contralateral arm. Saliva and water control were then allowed to air-dry. Swab samples were taken from dried saliva and control sites and were dissolved in 0.1M KCl solution. Emission spectra were obtained from the solution and were characterized by a principal maximum at 345-355nm with excitation at 282nm. The fluorescence emission intensity was greater than background readings obtained from the control swab site in 80 of 82 volunteers (approximately 97.6%). The fluorescence profile of saliva samples were similar to those obtained from aqueous samples of pure amylase and tryptophan, an endogenous fluorophore in alpha-amylase. The presence of an emission peak at 345-355nm with excitation at 282nm could provide a strong presumptive indication of saliva deposition. 相似文献