“主权欧洲”:欧盟向“硬实力”转型?

Profound changes unseen in a century,especially the transformation of the international order and global structure,have shattered the foundation of the European Union’s international leverage and reshaped its global status profoundly,forcing it to search for a new foreign strategy.Numerous challenges against multilateralism have undermined the institutional basis on which the EU has relied to exert global influence over time,and the intensification of geopolitical competition among major powers reveals the fragility of the European power structure.Frequent crises of the transatlantic alliance not only undermine the EU’s strategic reliance on it but also threaten its core interests directly.The accumulation of internal crises within the EU has seriously endangered its legitimacy while also critically threatening its power foundation.Consequently,reflecting upon the causes of the potential marginalization of its global status,the EU has reemphasized its“strategic autonomy”by proposing new concepts such as“European sovereignty,”a“sovereign Europe,”etc.     

International System and China’s Asia-Pacific Strategy

What impact does a shift in the global distribution of power have on the international order? According to the views of traditional realists,power transitions in the international order are usually accompanied by major wars,the best example being the two world wars of the twentieth century.China’s peaceful rise is conducive to the peace and stability of Asia and Pacific regions.The steady rise of China’s position and its role in dealing with international and regional problems have proved China’s success in...     

9/11 and Global Strategic Stability

In the past ten years since 9/11, terrorism has become a growing threat to international security, and to people’s lives and property. Increasing incidents of terrorism have underlined the fundamental structural flaws in the international system, showing that American hegemony has reached a certain limit. Not only have the major security concerns of the United States changed, but existing international strategic relations have also been shaken. This has directly affected global strategic stability.     

How to Appraise?

The world is complex and full of changes. This is the fundamental characteristic of the international situation. In the five years since September 11, the increase of the terrorist threat has impelled the United States to adjust its global strategy. Unilateralism, with preemptive measures as its core, has reached its zenith and, therefore a host of regional and global contradictions have appeared. This is the main thread of the international situation in the past five years.     

Ghina-U.S.Trade --the Path of Development

The United States is the world's largest economy and China is ranked number four; together the two countries comprise one third of the global economy. 40% of the international economic growth is sustained by the two countries. In terms of international trade, the United States and China are the first and the third largest trading nations respectively. Trade developments of these two countries have a huge impact on international imports and exports.     

The Difficulties of Common Security: On the Need for Value Consensus as a Basis for International Security

The essence of international security is common security, which relies heavily on basic consensus on security concepts and strategies among nations. However, since the beginning of the 20 th century, such a consensus or value basis has become very “thin” as a result of the following four factors: the inception of the global international system along with its cultural diversity; the great changes in political, economic and military arenas; the rise of nationalism and popular politics; and the emergence of superpowers and their antagonistic ideologies. Within strategic culture, there is juxtaposition between confrontational culture and cooperative culture. In security concepts, people have different preferences for national, international or global security. In terms of security strategies, there exist several competing models such as hegemonic stability, balance of power and institutional cooperation. The primary aims of international security remain: avoiding major wars, maintaining the stability of the international system and safeguarding the integrity of the nations. There are two new challenges: promoting global economic justice to avoid any domestic or international conflicts caused by an imbalanced international economic order; and meeting the challenges of various non-conventional security issues affecting human life on a global scale. In an era of security interdependence, the international community must make joint efforts to rebuild the consensus on security in light of the fundamental values of common security and cooperative security, and to practice a truly “international” security strategy so as to break away from the security dilemmas inflicted by each nation’s reliance on its own self-help and competing “national” security strategy.     

China＇s Economic Relations with

Over the past several years, some terms, such as the ＂Asian Century , the ＂rise of Asia＂ and the ＂rise of China and India,have become popular in international society. For some international observers, these terms simply reflect a global tendency; but for Asian people, they are more like visions. As members of Asia, China and South Asian countries have a responsibility to make these visions into realities, and these countries are trying their utmost to do so.     

Chinese Academic Researches on Democratization of International Relations： Status and Problems

After the Cold War, hegemony and power politics remained the major obstacles in the process of establishing a fair, just, inclusive and orderly global political volatile international and economic order. Due political and economic to the complicated and situation, promoting democratization of intemational relations as well as establishing a fair and reasonable global political and economic order have become the appeal of people in more and more countries. The Chinese government duly put forward its proposition of democratization of international relations to safeguard the basic interests of people in China and other countries in the world. It became one vital theoretical innovation in its diplomatic strategy. Under the guidance of this idea, the Chinese government is actively pushing forward democratization Of international relations with many developing countries.     

疫情肆虐全球 中国当行“四个坚持”（英文）

正The year 2020 is of pivotal importance for China to secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, achieve the great goal of national rejuvenation, and move closer to global center stage. Also, the year 2020 is crucial for the international community to promote a new round of globalization and perfect global     

Essence and Prospect of International Export Control Regimes

International export control regimes are referring to the regimes and systems concerning limitation of export and transference of military-use and dual-use items and related parts as well as technologies. In the past couple of years, the control regimes have shown a strengthening posture. In addition, a new global export control regime is brewing. Hence export control has caught the attention of the international community, and particularly of the circles of armament control and commerce. The author would like to make some analyses of the posture and then try to predict the trend of international export control regimes.     

China＇s International Vision and National Strategy

The global order was set in place following the end of the Second World War by a consortium of western countries headed by the U.S..Since then,the major western countries have strived to maintain their long dominance in global politics and economics.With the rise of nationalist movements,former colonies gained their independence,and many developing countries joined the UN.In recent years,the economies of the emerging powers have grown rapidly,and they have also joined the WTO.These changes have affected the post-War international order dominated by the West.The West still has the advantage in terms of stocks,and developing countries have the advantage in terms of variables and increments.     

Response to Climate Change： China＇s Actions and Cooperation with EU

Along with the fast growth of world economy, industrialization in particular, global issues such as climate change have become common concerns of the international community. Climate diplomacy is also gradually becoming a hot topic on the international agenda. Climate change is a common challenge to the world and every country bears the responsibility to address this issue. China is highly concerned about climate change and hopes to work with EU and the rest of the world to meet this challenge.     

We Should Well Grasp Those Vital Issues Related to the Future Trend of International Relations

Profound changes in the international situation this past year signify how momentous and rapid are the alterations in the international power configuration,the geopolitical landscape,and the global governance structure.Since the financial crisis,the developed economies have fallen into recession and,in general,their recovery remains slow.Emerging economies have high growth,by contrast,and this is a factor in accelerating multi-polarization in the international power configuration.This evolution is complicated,but the trend is seeing a strong China,now the world’s second-largest economy having posted a 7.4%2014 growth rate,shortening its gap with the U.S.and gradually pulling ahead of other     

From Passive to Active

As one of the victorious Allies of World War I,China attended the Paris Peace Conference in 1919.To a certain extent,the conference can be regarded as the true beginning of global governance.It was followed by the establishment of the Versailles-Washington System,the first international pattern with world participation.Although it was involved in global governance from the outset,China has experienced four periods of twisting and turning,in which both China and the international pattern have exerted profound influence on one another.It is clear that China has gradually turned from passive to active in this process.     

China＇s Relations with Africa： Building a Harmonious World

The Sino-African relationship is one of the most important inter-continental relationships in the world. It is unique both in its origin and evolution and plays an important role on the world stage. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in the mid-1950s, traditional, friendly and cooperative relations between China and African countries have developed rapidly, reaching an historic high in 2000 when both sides proclaimed the establishment of a new type of strategic partnership. Transcending Western traditional value and logic of thinking, such as the supremacy of international interests and power control, Sino-African relations have created a new model in international relations, featuring equality, peaceful coexistence and friendly cooperation. This promotes African development and the democratization process in both international relations and the global community. From China＇s perspective, it spreads China＇s idea of harmonious culture and harmonious diplomacy, thus promoting world peace and development, and contributing towards building a harmonious world.     

Thoughts on International Situation and China's Response

As a major event at the turn of the century, NATO's world-shocking air strikesagainst Yugoslavia represent certain dangerous trends in US global strategyand international strategic configuration. The event has aroused widespread con-cern and heightened vigilance among the international community. Althoughflames of war have died out in the Balkans, yet the dust there has yet to settle. It,therefore, remains a matter of urgency to engage in some comprehensive, in-depth, strategic reflections on the major event itself, its international consequences     

International Disorder and China's Strategic Thoughts

Since the 2008 international financial crisis,international political and economic disorder has become obvious.Major reasons are the decline of US-led Western developed economies' global influence;US and other Western countries inaction or ineffective actions;power diffusion allowing non-state actors to intervene;a global governance short of needed rules;and mainstream economic theory's overemphasis on market roles.International disorder is a long-term process posing a potential threat to China' s national interests.The situation challenges China to create an international economic and trade order,thereby shaping itself as prophet of global free trade,shaper of international economic and trade rules,and trendsetter for globalization.     

International System in Transition： Relationship between China and Major Powers

At present, the international system is transforming to the postestphalian system as a result of the vigorous development of globalization. The global and regional integration is accelerating. Global market, global civil society and sovereign states together constitute the three forces of the global community. The world has begun to change from the international anarchy based on military power and unilateral action into the initial state of the global community, i.e., co-governance through multilateral cooperation combined with independent authority to solve problems.     

The Major Power Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics in the Transition of International Order

The early 21st century finds great change in international order.China's foreign relations have entered a new phase where its driving force is rapidly rising for the emerging countries and new global economic governance mechanism is gradually established.To follow the trend of the times,China has actively participated in global economic governance and supply of public goods.China' s foreign relations present a new vision,idea and strategy under the leadership of President Xi Jinping.It is a new starting point for China to further integrate itself into the world and open itself wider to the world.China takes an active part to participate in global governance and plays an important role in the issues of economic integration,environmental governance,climate change,nuclear nonproliferation,energy crisis,internet security and anti-terrorism,especially anti-terrorism.This article explains the performance of international relations in current transition order and tries to tackle prior (and in some ways more intractable) issues and to analyze the internal logics and external environment of impact of multi-polarization on China's major power diplomacy with its characteristics in the transition of International order.     

The International Migration of Talent and Talent Security

There are basically three different types of internationally mobile talent： industry talents, professionals, and talents of the social sciences and culture. There are seven different factors underlying the international migration of talented people： the global income gap, the pursuit of personal worth, requirements of national development, technical innovation, industrial agglomeration, language and cultural compatibility, and immigration policies. The international migration of talent increasingly highlights the issue of international talent security, and has a far-reaching impact on personal safety, as well as national and global security. Therefore, cooperation on international talent safety issues should be strengthened in order to establish a more regular order to the international migration of talent, and to reduce the negative effects brought about by it, so as to promote economic globalization and sound economic and political progress in the international community.