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1.
Ariadna Julieta Rodríguez Díaz 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2012,37(5):631-647
This work seeks to contribute to technology transfer case study literature, by exploring the possibilities of an international trade between Mexico and Quebec in dairy industry under an international agreement??s environment. We report this probable exchange on an exploratory study, based on previous studies made at HEC Montréal at the International Technology Transfer course. This was explored in terms of knowledge and technology transfer, involving an innovative product. We present evidence based on public information and company interviews?? results which, analyzed through a theoretical framework of knowledge and technology transfer, suggests a possible future partnership, involving knowledge transfer. Our results show that, even if the two companies selected have similar cooperative-type structures, they do not behave in similar way. Both enterprises could better complement each other in terms of R&D, marketing, benchmarking, process and entrepreneurial capabilities. Furthermore, our research indicates that both enterprises could better face on industry??s threats in domestic and international competition, which could be used as a basis for further research in international technology transfers. 相似文献
2.
David L. Feldman 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》1990,15(4):15-24
Department of Energy national laboratories have long sought to expedite the transfer of commercially viable technologies to
the private sector through publications and reports, workshops, the licensing of inventions, and personnel exchanges and other
cooperative agreements between laboratories, industry, and universities. This article focuses on the transfer of patentable
technologies through a case study of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory high temperature superconductivity Pilot Center (HTSC-PC).
The Pilot Center was established in 1988 to encourage rapid incubation and commercialization of high temperature superconductivity
technologies. The success of this venture will hinge upon assuring compatibility of objectives between the center and likely
industrial participants and directing center efforts toward the aspirations of potential collaborators and the ultimate consumers
of HTSC technologies. Lessons for general multi-program-laboratory technology transfer include the need for a model of collaboration
that emphasizes openness and non-rigidity and facilitates the streamlining of information vital to the cross-fertilization
of ideas, continuing reform of the licensing and royalty-sharing process, and simplifying the process of scientific exchange
with external constituencies.
David Lewis Feldman has a Ph.D. in political science from the University of Missouri-Columbia. He serves on the staff of the
Energy Division of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee where he does research on the environmental impacts of energy
developments, international and comparative environmental policy, environmental regulation, and technology policy. He is the
author of several articles and recently completed a book on natural resources policy in the US. He also serves as senior editor
ofForum for Applied Research and Public Policy published at the University of Tennessee. 相似文献
3.
主权让渡的法律涵义三辨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
当要强调国际组织在某些事项上获得对成员国的控制力和支配性时,主权让渡应表述为“主权权力”的让渡;当要强调国际组织由成员国的让渡行为而获得了某种排他的能力和资格时,主权让渡则应表述为“主权权利”的让渡。类似于基本权利和派生权利的区分难以适当地解释主权权利的让渡。在国家让渡了越来越多主权权利的情况下,代表主权的是终极支配权,而不是所谓基本权利。 相似文献
4.
Sumner Benson Ph.D. 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》1988,13(1):34-41
The transfer of United States high technology to the Soviet Union shows that, contrary to many assumptions, international
transfer of technology can heighten national rivalries and increase military tensions. Many advanced technologies have important
military applications. The Soviet Union has acquired much such technology from the west and then has used it to strengthen
Soviet military capabilities vis-a-vis the west. This approach to international technology transfer supports general Soviet
priorities in science and technology, which emphasize military power rather than international commercial competitiveness
or domestic social welfare. The United States and its allies have responded by sharing militarily applicable technology among
themselves while denying its export to the Soviet bloc. As of September 1988, neither the Soviet policy of glasnost nor progress
in the US-USSR arms control negotiations seems to have changed the primarily military bent of Soviet policy on technology
transfer.
Sumnner Benson, Ph. D. deputy director for Technology Cooperation and Security in the Office of the Secretary of Defense and
is senior assistant to the director of the Defense Technology Security Administration 相似文献
5.
Zhong Fa Ma 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2012,37(1):75-97
Kyoto Protocol has certain provisions concerning environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) transfer, primarily including the
direct provisions, the clean development mechanism and the fund mechanism, which are supposed to favor technology transfer
for reducing the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the world. However, mainly due to the flaws of these provisions, ESTs
have not been transferred as smoothly as possible to realize the Kyoto Protocol’s objectives. Therefore, the international
community shall take the effectiveness of Kyoto Protocol as a fresh impetus to consummate the legal system of international
technology transfer, that is, to develop a uniform technology transfer agreement under the WTO with a focus on promoting ESTs
transfer, which may make the developing countries to acquire the technologies they need under the fair terms and help them
build their capacities for sustainable development. China does not need to perform the obligation of reducing GHG emissions
until 2013 according to Kyoto Protocol, but precautions shall be taken to improve its legal systems on technology transfer
to make preparations for implementing the policy of scientific development and playing significant roles in related international
legislation. 相似文献
6.
Lucio Biggiero 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2002,27(1):111-122
In order to access and exploit knowledge, MNCs are induced to make FDI in technological districts. It occurs in a two-step process: first joint venture and then acquisition. This perspective is consistent with the evolutionary theory of multinational corporations, which looks at technology transfer as a sound rationale for FDI. The location strategy of multinationals produces a reorganization of district structure and a change in its evolutionary pattern: MNCs become catalysts, bring in new finance, ideas and managerial practices, open the district to external markets and international flows of technology. Biomedical Valley in Italy is a recent high-tech district that fits this picture well. It demonstrates that the rationale for FDI was not wage differentials with parent countries, but rather local knowledge and innovation. Knowledge transfer through subcontractors diffuses and recombines inside the district in two ways: becoming the medium for the dissemination of new codes, procedures and knowledge within the district, and evolving from the role of subcontractors to that of independent producers of final products. The case of biomedical district also induces changes of a number of stereotypes and common beliefs about industrial districts and MNCs. 相似文献
7.
Dr. Robert Taylor 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》1977,1(2):17-31
A unique longitudinal study of the technical communication patterns of 184 engineers in a high technology research and development laboratory centers in the activities of technology gatekeepers. This two-step flow of technical information follows the literature as well as results from prior studies. Gatekeepers span the organizational boundary in the transfer of technology from outside the laboratory, while facilitating the distribution of technical information to colleagues within the organization. Sociometric data are analyzed over a five-year period with respect to changing organizational structures, new technical assignments and alterations in group composition. Despite these dynamic changes, the data reveal consistent results in gatekeeper identification and technical information flows. 相似文献
8.
Japanese corporations are undergoing radical transition: they have begun to reassess the role, organization, and management of their internal R&D and technology commercialization activities in response to changing market, business, and technical conditions. From large consumer electronics firms such as Matsushita and Sony to the semiconductor and computing conglomerates such as Fujitsu and NEC, these organizations are under considerable pressure to both invent and innovate more rapidly and cheaply than ever before. As technologies become more complex and integrated—such as the convergence of electronics, computing, video, and broadcast television—it is no longer practical to assume that all of a firm's R&D needs can be met internally. This paper looks first at how major Japanese corporations have embraced technology transfer mechanisms such as licensing, joint collaboration, and the outsourcing of R&D to manage these changes dynamically and effectively. Secondly, this paper looks at why Japanese firms' record of managing collaboration and licensing, particularly on an international basis, has been disappointing because of a number of problems and barriers. These difficulties, which are compounded by the further externalization of research and technology and by increased licensing activity, have given rise to a need for new technology transfer services which, until recently, have not been available either within the organization or through local consulting firms in Japan. This paper concludes by outlining strategic and operational guidelines for managing licensing and collaboration arrangements between U.S. and Japanese firms which are also applicable in the general case. These insights are based on the experiences of managing licensing and collaboration programs between Japanese and U.S. organizations from the dual perspectives of two licensing firms—Innovation Partners, kk. in Japan and Competitive Technologies, Inc. of the United States. 相似文献
9.
技术转移要求、投资鼓励与国际投资环境的关联关系——结合WTO贸易与投资关系工作组的研究报告和晚近国际投资立法进行分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据WTO贸易与投资关系工作组近年来对技术转移要求和投资鼓励问题的专题研究 ,结合晚近国际投资立法的相关规定 ,不难发现未来相关国际投资立法的可能发展趋势 :适当的有关技术移转方面的引导措施可以存续 ,强制性技术转移要求应逐步取消 ;投资鼓励措施只能作为吸引和引导外资的辅助性工具 ,制约投资鼓励措施的国际多边规则会逐步出现并日趋严格 相似文献
10.
Malick Souare 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2013,38(5):675-698
Using the confined exponential and logistic models of technology diffusion, this paper investigates the roles played by international trade and FDI in explaining productivity growth through both technology transfer and domestic innovation, with the technology transfer also occurring independently. Using panel data on Canadian manufacturing industries, we first find a robust role for the autonomous and international trade embodied technology transfer in explaining TFP growth. Second, international trade and FDI (as well as research and development) all contribute to productivity growth through the rate of innovation. Finally, we find that the exponential and logistic models of technology diffusion may have different implications for the growth dynamics in a technologically lagging country. 相似文献
11.
W. Austin Spivey Ph.D. J. Michael Munson Ph.D. William T. Flannery Ph.D. 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》1990,15(3):13-20
Interest in technology transfer across academic disciplines highlights this paper. We reviewed an abstracting service via
computer for the years 1981 thru 1989, concentrating on publication titles that included any of four key terms: diffusion
of innovation; intrapreneurshipl internal corporate venturing; and technology transfer. This computerized search located 828
pages in science and engineering and 1765 pages in the social sciences. In science and engineering, about 44% of the pages
relate to specific cases of technology transfer, and about 27% have an international focus. The opposite is true in the social
sciences: cases comprise about 25% of the pages, while 55% have an international focus. Economics, with 470 pages, dominates
the writings within the social sciences, as well as elsewhere. In science and engineering, three areas published the most:
electrical engineering (147 pages), agriculture (127), and multidisciplinary science (126). The findings suggest that researchers
interested in technology transfer would benefit by adopting a multidisciplinary perspective.
His experience in technology transfer includes work as a research aerodynamicist for Bell Helicopter Company. More recently
he has focused on the marketing problems associated with new products from the federal laboratory system. He has been editor
of the Marketing Educator. 相似文献
12.
Richard L. Chapman 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》1994,19(3-4):78-86
This paper examines nine cases of “spinback,” the flow back to laboratories of technical advantage from technology transfer activities. The benefits revealed in the cases are discussed and assessed for their value to the participating laboratories and the scientists involved. The objective of this study was to explore and test the feasibility of undertaking a comprehensive study of the value of spinback in order to encourage support for technology transfer activities by middle management in a laboratory. Spinback is defined as the phenomenon by which scientists’ and engineers’ participation in technology utilization activities results in a technically valuable flow back to their laboratories or organizations, thereby increasing or improving techical capability. It was anticipated that this exploration would provide evidence that the phenomenon does occur, with important consequences for the organization. 相似文献
13.
金融全球化呼唤金融监管国际合作,而金融监管国际合作需要国际金融监管组织。鉴于目前的国际社会结构,国际金融监管组织只能是国家间组织,而非超国家组织。由于现有的国际金融组织都不足以担当金融监管国际合作的历史使命,国际社会需要创建一个全新的国际金融监管组织。这一全新的国际金融监管组织应该具有以下组织形态特征:第一,它应该是一个全球性的、开放性的、专门性的、政府间的金融监管组织;第二,它应该是一个能够凸显国际关系民主化的金融监管组织;第三,它应该是一个具有横向综合监管职能的金融监管组织。 相似文献
14.
Facilitating technology transfer from one organization to another is a complex process. Organization representatives are key
players in the facilitation process and act to span the boundary between organizations. This paper offers a conceptual framework
concerning organizational “boundary” spanners who must cross lines to transfer technology. From a communication viewpoint,
boundary spanners need to reduce uncertainty, process information, and provide representation in order to achieve organizational
outcomes of building relationships, achieving performance, and applying technology. This framework describes several strategies
involved in the process of technology transfer: inquiry, self-disclosure, enhancing self-image, bargaining, and relationship-building.
In short, we argue that individual boundary spanners need to be effective communicators when facilitating the technology transfer
process. 相似文献
15.
作为国际法的主体,国际组织享有豁免权得到了普遍的承认。但是,随着国际法的发展,国际组织豁免权也遭遇了严重挑战。尽管如此,国际法的实践表明,国际组织管辖豁免尚未如国家管辖豁免一样从绝对豁免发展为限制豁免。当事人"诉诸法院之权利"作为国际组织豁免的制衡器,还没有发展成为习惯国际法,国际强行法也并不必然具有否定国际组织管辖豁免的效力。从人权保护角度讲,如果要维护国际组织豁免权以保障其独立行使职能,就要积极寻求完善相应的替代争议解决机制,保障当事人寻求正义权利的实现。 相似文献
16.
学习型组织不是简单的组织学习,把公安机关的“大练兵”活动理解为就是创建学习型公安机关的观点是片面的。在组织理论中,学习型组织是针对理性官僚制组织由于职能分工、层级科制所形成的学习智障而提出的新型组织管理模式。因此,学习型组织的创建必须从组织形态的改革入手,把僵化的金字塔式的组织转变成沟通顺畅的扁平化组织。现代化的信息平台和网络化沟通,为我们提供了很好的实现组织扁平化的工具。只有在组织形态发生变革的情况下,结合公安机关建立的一系列长效学习机制,才能真正走上公安干警个人、公安机关自身不断学习、可持续发展之路。 相似文献
17.
The triple helix model of university-industry-government relations is explicated for the transfer of technology. Drawing upon a broad range of international instances, the stages and phases through which the institutional spheres most relevant to innovation are drawn into a more productive relationship are discussed in comparison to alternative models. 相似文献
18.
Patrick Bayer Johannes Urpelainen Alice Xu 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2016,16(2):261-283
The Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has the capacity to incentivize the international transfer of environmentally sound technologies. Given that both countries are expected to have similar incentives when managing the distribution of technology transfer within the country, why do sub-national patterns in the allocation of projects with technology transfer differ? Using comparable political–economic data compiled for China and India, we offer an explanation for these differences. In China, where the government regards the CDM as a tool for achieving sustainable development, technology transfer is concentrated in provinces that need it the most and that are most conducive to receiving transfers (i.e., economically less developed, yet heavily industrialized provinces). In India, where the government takes on a “laissez-faire” approach to the CDM, neither level of economic development nor that of industrialization affects clean technology transfer. In this regard, although the incentives are similar, the capacity to pursue them is not comparable. We test these hypotheses using data on CDM technology transfer across Chinese provinces and Indian states during the 6-year period from 2004 to 2010. 相似文献
19.
This article describes barriers to technology transfer and changes that occurred when a technology—artificial intelligence—was
introduced in an applied high-technology setting at the Deputate of Communications-Computers. Electronic Security Command,
US Air Force, San Antonio, TX. The authors, who were responsible for transferring the technology, based their method on an
accepted model that focuses on the ability of individuals to bring about change. They regard technology transfer as the introduction
and communication of a technology for practical application. Transfer into an organization entails an appreciation by the
transfer agent and the recipient of how the technology will be received, used, and applied; how it will affect the recipient's
management style; and how the transfer process is designed to meet the needs of the organization. Identifying, infusing, and
marketing technologies often causes hostile reactions by the targeted receiver, partly because it is a challenge to the status
quo and partly because the organization's technical and non-technical people don't see eye-to-eye. This has been true in our
setting. Specialists have been too adamant to accept contrary views and management has not taken the need for specialists
and their new technologies seriously enough.
He is Chief, Rapid Prototyping Section, and he heads artificial-intelligence development. 相似文献
20.
A Technology Transfer Index is proposed for gauging the process of international technology transfer. The approach is based on the premise that the transferee in the process aims at achieving technological independence through gradual replacement of imported technological components by indigenous resources. By avoiding abstract concepts and concentrating on the end-results of the technology transfer process, the index can be computed from readily available statistics of production costs and international trade. The quantitative measure is expected to be a useful indicator for economic planning, aid program management and project evaluation and assessment. 相似文献