浙江金华再增215个摄像头

浙江省金华市江南公安分局日前举行治安动态监控系统建设现场会，作为“平安金华”建设的组成部分之一，由江南警方在市本级率先实施的街面图像实时监控系统建设，已成为金华市警方维护街面治安和打击现行犯罪的“利器”。今年以来，有关部门加快了监控探头的安装速度，10月底前将在江南新增215个摄像头。     

成都市街面财产犯罪调查

街面犯罪是严重侵犯公众利益的犯罪，有必要对街面犯罪进行实证的调查以取得第一手的资料。课题组在实证调查基础上运用综合分析方法比较全面地揭示了成都市街面财产犯罪特点，并对原因进行了初步分析。     

追捕珠宝大盗

2008年5月27日。轰动广西的宜州市晶永恒珠宝店价值近200万元首饰被盗案涉案主犯韦茂柏，被警方从广东押回宜州．供述了其伙同覃韦献等3人的犯罪经过。目前，警方已追回被盗黄金、铂金首饰6000多克，价值人民币150多万元。     

论广东街面“两抢一盗”犯罪的精确打击

严厉打击街面“两抢一盗”犯罪活动,是当前公安中心工作的重要任务之一。通过提高侦查人员的综合素质,加强对“两抢一盗”犯罪情报信息研判,精确获取街面“两抢一盗”犯罪证据,实施精确打击,是“专项整治”遏制“两抢一盗”犯罪的需要,是提高办案质量和对犯罪人员的打击处理率的重要保证,是公安机关打击街面“两抢一盗”犯罪这场战役是否取得成效的重要标准,也是我们当前加强街面“两抢一盗”犯罪案件侦查工作问题研究所面临的一个重要课题。     

广东地区外国人涉毒犯罪特点及对策探讨

近年来外国人涉毒犯罪案件不断增多,毒品犯罪案件已成为外国人在广东省境内犯罪主要的类型,呈现出犯罪主体有组织化、犯罪手段多样化、利用物流快递渠道贩毒、案件处理过程复杂等特点。广东警方整合各方资源,通过加强国际刑事司法合作、完善日常管理和重点管控模式、依法将在粤外国人的非正式组织纳入政府管理、建立快递业的禁毒“大查控”体系等措施有效地遏制了在粤外国人涉毒犯罪的增长态势。     

控制街面犯罪的措施

城区街面犯罪主要指发生在城区街头的抢劫、抢夺、扒窃、拎包、诈骗、伤害、盗机动车辆和车内财物等犯罪活动。街面犯罪活动的特点和成因街面犯罪活动的特点一是侵财型案件在街面犯罪中首位。以海曙区分局下属西门派出所为例。该区2001年共发生各类街面犯罪案件278起,其中盗窃电动自行车案件111起,占全部案件的40％;针对自行车、汽车结伙拎包、抢夺案件为45起,占16％;在商场超市、菜市场扒窃、拎包、撬后兜案件为59起,占21％;路边诈骗等其他案件为37起,占13％。二是作案具有随意性。作案人通常没有明确具体的侵害目标,从动机的产生到行为的实施时间极短,既无明确的行动方向,也不经慎重考虑常常是临时起意的贸然行动。三是具有流窜性。街面环境复杂,人群流动性大,匿名     

外来人口犯罪与构建和谐广东——广东省外来人口犯罪的特点、原因及防治对策

立意于党的十七大所规划的构建和谐社会的主题，对广东省外来人口犯罪的概况、特点和原因予以全面分析，提出通过使外来人口不愿犯罪、不敢犯罪、不能犯罪的“三不”防治举措，减少外来人口犯罪，为构建广东和谐社会提供有力的安全支撑。     

粤港澳区际反黑警务合作的回顾与前瞻

广东地处华南，毗邻港澳，是内地最早受到港澳黑社会渗透的地区之一。为共同打击黑社会跨境犯罪，粤港澳警务部门较早并有效地开展了多渠道、多层次的反黑合作。共同维护了粤港澳地区的社会治安稳定。伴随着粤港澳三地经贸和人员往来的日益密切，黑社会跨境犯罪在一段时期内将有所增多。面对出现的新问题和新动向，粤港澳警方应深化合作、创新机制，高效打击黑社会罪案。     

广东地区制贩苯丙胺类毒品犯罪的回顾和前瞻

二十世纪九十年代中期以来,广东制贩冰毒、摇头丸等苯丙胺类毒品犯罪活动比较活跃,无论是缴获的苯丙胺类毒品数量,还是破获的苯丙胺类毒品案件数量,尤其是大案要案数量,广东始终在全国居于前列,是我国苯丙胺类毒品犯罪活动的高发地区。广东警方应充分认识到打击毒品犯罪的长期性和艰巨性,采取切实有力的措施,加强禁毒机构和专业队伍建设,加强禁毒基础工作,加强重点治理工作,严厉打击苯丙胺类毒品犯罪活动。     

沪港警方合力打击跨境犯罪

6月10日,中共上海市委常委、市委政法委书记、市公安局局长吴志明与香港警务处处长曾荫培进行了工作会晤,双方就沪港两地警方进一步加强刑侦警务合作、严厉打击跨境犯罪等达成共识。近年来,上海警方在公安部的直接领导下,与香港警方建立了良好的工作关系,办理协查线索百余起,书面请求香港警方协助七十余次,因案赴香港执行调查取证任务二十余次。据悉,目前沪港警方加强刑侦合作,主要在打击有组织犯罪、经济犯罪、毒品犯罪、流窜犯罪以及情报信息、刑事技术等领域加强合作与交流,进一步完善及时高效的沟通渠道,从而更为有效地打击各类跨境违法…     

Routine Activities and Proactive Police Activity: A Macro-scale Analysis of Police Searches in London and New York City

This paper explored how city-level changes in routine activities were associated with changes in frequencies of police searches using six years of police records from the London Metropolitan Police Service and the New York City Police Department. Routine activities were operationalised through selecting events that potentially impacted on (a) the street population, (b) the frequency of crime or (c) the level of police activity. OLS regression results indicated that routine activity variables (e.g. day of the week, periods of high demand for police service) can explain a large proportion of the variance in search frequency throughout the year. A complex set of results emerged, revealing cross-national dissimilarities and the differential impact of certain activities (e.g. public holidays). Importantly, temporal frequencies in searches are not reducible to associations between searches and recorded street crime, nor changes in on-street population. Based on the routine activity approach, a theoretical police-action model is proposed.     

Improved street lighting and crime prevention

This article reports on a systematic review—incorporating meta-analytic techniques—of the effects of improved street lighting on crime. Studies were included if they had before-and-after measures of crime in experimental and control areas. Eight American evaluation studies met the criteria for inclusion, and their results were mixed. Four studies found that improved street lighting was effective in reducing crime, while the other four found that it was not effective. However, five more-recent British evaluation studies showed that improved lighting led to decreases in crime. In two studies, the financial savings from reduced crimes greatly exceeded the financial costs of the improved street lighting. A meta-analysis found that the 13 studies, taken together, showed that improved lighting led to reductions in crime. The overall reduction in crime after improved lighting was 20% in experimental areas compared with control areas. Since nighttime crimes did not decrease more than daytime crimes, a theory focusing on the role of street lighting in increasing community pride seems more plausible than a theory focusing on increased surveillance. Future research should be designed to test the main theories of the effects of improved lighting more explicitly and should measure crime using police records, surveys of victims, and self-reports of offending.     

Construction of the problem of Latin gangs in Spain and response of the law enforcement system

Recently, since their official recognition as criminal organizations by Spanish law enforcement authorities, stricter prosecution of Latin street gangs has been observed. The toughening of legal regulations, new models of police conduct and the increasingly active role of prosecutors have contributed to greater punitive pressure on the gangs. This article has two main objectives: first, to describe changes in Spanish criminal policies for the treatment of Latin American street gangs; second, to analyse to what extent these changes are in consonance with empirical findings on criminal involvement and the organizational nature of these groups. The results show that despite the recent increase in criminal activity these groups cannot be viewed as the only parties to blame for local street crime. The opinion of the law enforcement authorities that Latin American street gangs are a form of organized crime is far from reality. These groups do not have the required combination of characteristics inherent to criminal organizations, and their purposes are not always exclusively criminal.     

Estimating the size of criminal populations

The estimation of total population size for various phenomena of crime is an important factor critical for criminal justice policy formulation and criminological theory development. In this paper, methods are discussed for estimating the size of a criminal population from police records. Capture-recapture analysis techniques, borrowed from the biological sciences, are used to predict the size of population for migrating (or fleeing) fugitives and for street prostitutes. Heterogeneity and behavioral responses to previous police encounters are identified as major complicating factors. The basic problem is that the police records are virtually unaffected by a potentially large pool of cryptic criminals. It is shown how independently collected auxiliary data can address this problem.     

Intimidation and Street Gangs: Understanding the Response of Victims and Bystanders to Perceived Gang Violence

While research routinely examines the influence of gang membership on the quantity of violent crime involvement, less is known about the influence of gang violence on the situational characteristics of violent victimization. Felson’s discussion of street gangs highlights the possible functional role gang membership plays in the commission of violent crime; what he terms “the street gang strategy.” This study examines the functionality of gang membership during violent crimes by investigating the influence of perceived gang membership on the likelihood of victim resistance, bystander intervention, and police reporting using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey. Findings offer little support for the idea that gang members intimidate victims and bystanders to the extent that their behavior during and after violence differs systematically from responses resulting from non‐gang violence. Results are discussed in terms of their policy relevance and implications for future research.     

Crime as a negotiated commodity: The police use of informers

Criminologists have long been interested in the relationship between policing and community participation. Traditionally, it has been argued that law enforcement agencies are dependent upon the general community for crime information. Recently, however, there is a growing interest among criminologists to explore the dependency relations police create within different subpopulations, especially diverse street subcultures. This study explores the social organization of police-street hustlers relations. Using qualitative data on 70 hustlers and 50 police officers, we examine how crime is manipulated as a commodity in advancing the interests of informers and the police. It is argued that although separate and unrelated situational factors are important, a more comprehensive understanding of the nature of these exchanges warrants an investigation of social networks and law. It is concluded that the informal contexts of law significantly pervade the informal contexts of these encounters. This topic demands considerable attention given the lack of organizational policies or standards which jeopardizes public confidence and erodes the informer's constitutional protections.     

Public reputation and organised crime: explicating the relationship between racket subcultures and informal social control

This paper examines the influence of traditional organised crime on informal social control in community areas that once had a presence of organised crime while controlling for neighbourhood attachment, satisfaction with the police, social and organisational ties, and tolerance of deviance. The data comes from the Community Survey of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. The comparative quantitative method was used to analyse the data. The findings indicate that neighbourhoods with an historic reputation for organised crime can report higher levels of informal social control when compared to current racket areas in the city of Chicago. These findings have important implications for the study of deviance. Not only do they suggest that criminals can play an important role in controlling street crime, the findings also suggest that this public reputation remains long after organised crime activities have ceased in the area.     

DOES CRIME JUST MOVE AROUND THE CORNER? A CONTROLLED STUDY OF SPATIAL DISPLACEMENT AND DIFFUSION OF CRIME CONTROL BENEFITS*

Recent studies point to the potential theoretical and practical benefits of focusing police resources on crime hot spots. However, many scholars have noted that such approaches risk displacing crime or disorder to other places where programs are not in place. Although much attention has been paid to the idea of displacement, methodological problems associated with measuring it have often been overlooked. We try to fill these gaps in measurement and understanding of displacement and the related phenomenon of diffusion of crime control benefits. Our main focus is on immediate spatial displacement or diffusion of crime to areas near the targeted sites of an intervention. Do focused crime prevention efforts at places simply result in a movement of offenders to areas nearby targeted sites—“do they simply move crime around the corner”? Or, conversely, will a crime prevention effort focusing on specific places lead to improvement in areas nearby—what has come to be termed a diffusion of crime control benefits? Our data are drawn from a controlled study of displacement and diffusion in Jersey City, New Jersey. Two sites with substantial street‐level crime and disorder were targeted and carefully monitored during an experimental period. Two neighboring areas were selected as “catchment areas” from which to assess immediate spatial displacement or diffusion. Intensive police interventions were applied to each target site but not to the catchment areas. More than 6,000 20‐minute social observations were conducted in the target and catchment areas. They were supplemented by interviews and ethnographic field observations. Our findings indicate that, at least for crime markets involving drugs and prostitution, crime does not simply move around the corner. Indeed, this study supports the position that the most likely outcome of such focused crime prevention efforts is a diffusion of crime control benefits to nearby areas.     

Is There a Crime Drop in Western Europe?

Combining data from police statistics and crime victim surveys, this article analyses the evolution of crime in Western Europe from 1988 to 2007. The results show that there is no general drop in crime. Property offences and homicide have been decreasing since the mid 1990s, while violent and drug offences have increased during the period under study. These trends highlight the limits of the explanations to the crime drop in the United States, which are based on the premise of a correlation in the evolution of all offences. The drop in property offences seems related to changes in the socioeconomic situation in Europe as well as to increases in security measures in households, and the reinforcement of private security. The increase in violent offences can be explained by the combination of several factors, including changes in youth’s free time provoked by the development of the Internet, changing demographics, and the rise of episodic heavy alcohol consumption and street gangs.     

Policing the homeless

Research Summary Police officials across the United States are increasingly relying on place-based approaches for crime prevention. In this article, we examine the Safer Cities Initiative, a widely publicized place-based policing intervention implemented in Los Angeles's “Skid Row” that focused on crime and disorder associated with homeless encampments. Crime reduction was the goal. The police division in which the program was undertaken provides 8 years of time-series data serving as the observations for the treatment condition. Four adjacent police divisions in which the program was not undertaken provide 8 years of time-series data serving as the observations for the comparison condition. The data are analyzed using a generalized additive model. On balance, we find that this place-based intervention is associated with meaningful reductions in violent, property, and nuisance street crimes. There is no evidence of crime displacement. Policy Implications This study provides further evidence that geographically targeted police interventions can lead to significant crime prevention benefits, with no evidence that crime is simply displaced to other areas. Criminologists and the media have given the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) little credit for major reductions in crime that have occurred during the past 5 years following a number of major policy reforms. We suggest that researchers should look more closely at the targeted interventions the LAPD has undertaken for evidence-based examples of effective policing. Importantly, this work suggests that crime associated with homeless encampments can be meaningfully reduced with targeted police actions. However, law enforcement actions do not address the roots of homelessness nor most of its consequences. Getting tough on the homeless should not be confused with policies or programs that respond fundamentally to the social and personal problems that homelessness presents.