应用红外化学成像技术显现潜在的指印

目的应用红外化学（光谱）成像技术显现潜在指纹。方法采用这种新技术进行显现潜在指印的初步实验。结果显示了其对复杂图案背景上指印突出的显现能力。该成像技术具有物质形态特征检验和物质成分检验双重分析能力，在法庭科学领域具有重要的应用价值。     

遗留不同时间的潜在汗液指印紫外发光显现技术的实验研究

目前对于渗透性客体上的潜在汗液指印,紫外发光显现技术是一种行之有效且无损的方法。但是对同一枚指印,可能因为其遗留的时间不同,紫外发光显现有不同的显现效果,遗留时间较短,显现的效果可能好点,遗留时间较长,显现效果可能较差或者不能显现。本实验以笔记本纸上的潜在汗液指印(皮脂型潜在汗液指印)为样本,采用紫外发光显现技术测试能够显现潜在汗液指印遗留的最长时间。本实验中,笔记本纸上的潜在汗液指印分别放置1、7、40天,然后采用紫外发光显现技术显现指印,得到不同的显图1紫外发光显现技术装置示意图2实验步骤(1)将拍摄所需器材准备…     

紫外激光技术显现潜在指印的研究

目的研究显现潜在指印的新技术。方法用自主研发的266nm短波紫外线输出的ND：YAG激光器作为激发光源激发渗透性客体表面的潜在指印,使指印发出荧光。结果能有效显现出亮纹线暗背景的潜在指印发光图像。结论利用该紫外激光技术可以显现纸张等渗透性客体表面的潜在指印。     

光谱成像和传统光学方法增强光滑纸张上血指印的比较研究

目的 研究光谱成像和传统光学方法增强光滑纸张上(有复杂背景干扰的)血指印效果,比较这些方法的实际效果和消除背景的规律性及特点,便于有选择性的拍摄利用。方法 利用可见光定向反射(小偏角)配光照明方法照相;利用多光谱成像仪中的420~720 nm波段进行可见光多光谱成像方法照相,并进行影像分类和去混合处理;利用全波段CCD系统进行降温降噪恒温锁定、暗视场配光照明、254 nm短波紫外反射照相,分别对21种光滑纸张上的血指印样本进行拍摄采集。结果 得到了21种光滑纸张上的血指印不同程度的显现效果,其中利用可见光定向反射(小偏角)配光照明方法照相、可见光多光谱成像方法照相以及暗视场配光照明、254 nm短波紫外反射照相,消除21种血指印背景干扰后,使影像效果明显改善的分别约占19%、33%和66%。结论 利用不同光谱拍摄光滑纸张上(背景干扰状况下)的血指印,能各自消除某些特定背景干扰状况,能使得影像效果得到较好的改善,利用不同光谱拍摄光滑纸张上(背景干扰状况)的血指印具有各自的优缺点,可根据消除各种血指印背景干扰的实际效果来选择相应的光谱拍摄。     

掺杂Cd的水溶性荧光ZnSe/MPA量子点显现胶带手印方法

目的探索水溶性荧光量子点溶液——掺杂镉的硒化锌（ZnxCd（1-x）Se）对胶带手印的显现方法。方法以巯基丙酸（MPA）为修饰剂合成了掺杂Cd的水溶性荧光ZnSe/MPA量子点,利用它显现水浸胶带及粘连胶带上的油汗指印,并在365nm下拍照成像。结果良好的显现出水浸胶带上的指印以及粘连胶带上的指印。与常规方法相比,优势更为明显。结论水溶性荧光量子点ZnxCd（1-x）Se溶液显出的指印纹线细腻流畅,在法庭科学领域具有很好的应用前景。     

紫外反射照相显现指印与502胶熏显指印方法的比对

目的比较紫外反射照相与502胶熏显两种方法显现指印的成功率,确定在同等条件下优先使用那种显现方法。方法对玻璃、陶瓷、黑白照片上3种类型上的汗液指印,油脂指印和普通指印各100枚,分别用紫外反射拍照显现与502胶熏显,统计两者达到3等级以上的比例,来判断效果的好坏。结果紫外反射照相显现法在3种客体上显现的成功率高于502胶熏显法。结论实验结果为选择指印显现方法提供了科学依据。     

短波紫外反射照相显现铝制板汗液指印效果差异分析

目的 分析短波紫外反射照相显现铝制板框上汗液指印效果差异形成的原因.方法 利用短波紫外反射照相并用不同的打光方式对铝制板框汗液指印进行显现.结果 打光的角度不同,汗液指印的显现效果截然不同,并且在小角度入射的情况下,铝制板框上的汗液指印显现效果和玻璃载玻片上的汗液指印显现效果也明显不同,铝对短波紫外高反射率的特性引起了汗液指印显现效果的不同.结论 针对铝制板类的检材,在利用短波紫外进行汗液指印显现时需要明确不同情况下相应的显现效果.     

用紫外发光技术显现潜在汗液指印

本实验利用266nm短波紫外线激发长波紫外荧光的紫外发光照相技术探测潜在指印。结果表明在短波紫外线激发下,潜在指印在长波紫外区显示很强的固有荧光。利用该发光技术探测潜在指印固有荧光的比率高达69％,远远高于目前通用的氩离子激光等可见荧光方法的3％～22％。     

暗视场照明与分色照相配合显现指印

目的研究彩色光滑客体上指印的显现方法。方法用暗视场照明和分色照相配合的方法对4种彩色木板上指印进行了显现。结果实验结果表明了暗视场照明和分色照相方法能够有效显现出彩色光滑客体上的潜在指印。结论拓宽了暗视场照明显现指印的范围,同时为彩色光滑客体上指印的显现提供了一种新的方法。     

几种特殊指印的“502”显现法

1、灰、汗或汗与其它物质混杂的指印,用“502”贴附法显现效果最佳。此类指印若遗留时间较长(10天以上),可在指印上稍稍哈气;若遗留时间较短(3至9天),可在指印上稍加吹一口气,待气即将要干时,立即显现。对于3天内的指印,可直接用贴附法显现。     

The application of infrared chemical imaging to the detection and enhancement of latent fingerprints: method optimization and further findings

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) chemical imaging allows the collection of fingerprint images from backgrounds that have traditionally posed problems for conventional fingerprint detection methods. In this work, the suitability of this technique for the imaging of fingerprints on a wider range of difficult surfaces (including polymer banknotes, various types of paper, and aluminum drink cans) has been tested. For each new surface, a systematic methodology was employed to optimize settings such as spectral resolution, number of scans, and pixel aggregation in order to reduce collection time and file-size without compromising spatial resolution and the quality of the final fingerprint image. The imaging of cyanoacrylate-fumed fingerprints on polymer banknotes has been improved, with shorter collection times for larger image areas. One-month-old fingerprints on polymer banknotes have been successfully fumed and imaged. It was also found that FTIR chemical imaging gives high quality images of cyanoacrylate-fumed fingerprints on aluminum drink cans, regardless of the printed background. Although visible and UV light sources do not yield fingerprint images of the same quality on difficult, nonporous backgrounds, in many cases they can be used to locate a fingerprint prior to higher quality imaging by the FTIR technique. Attempts to acquire FTIR images of fingerprints on paper-based porous surfaces that had been treated with established reagents such as ninhydrin were all unsuccessful due to the swamping effect of the cellulose constituents of the paper.     

THEMIS紫外光谱成像仪的放大率估计及其图像的长宽比校正

目的 校正THEMIS紫外光谱成像仪图像的长宽比并估计系统放大率参数.方法 制作测试图片,用紫外光谱成像仪拍摄紫外光谱影像集,由图像和测试图片的差异分析出成像缺陷和放大率参数.结果 通过Photoshop测量像素值的方法测量出图像的长宽比差异,并用MATLAB算法校正,同时得出紫外光谱成像仪的放大倍率β.结论 校正后紫外光谱图像恢复了原始比例,且系统放大率β可以在恢复痕迹原始大小时发挥作用,由此获得准确的紫外光谱图像供后续光谱分析检验和研究.     

刑事照相常用紫外光源照射对DNA检验的影响研究

目的探究刑事照相常用紫外光源照射不同客体上的血指印和汗潜指印后对DNA检验产生的影响。方法分别使用254nm和365nm紫外光源在不同照射距离,不同照射时间下对不同客体表面制备的原血指印、微量血指印和汗潜指印检材进行照射,随后进行DNA定量分析。结果原血指印经紫外照射后对DNA检验结果无显著影响,微量血指印和汗潜指印经紫外照射对后续DNA检验结果认定影响较大。结论紫外光波长越短、功率越大、照射距离越短、照射时间越长,对DNA检验结果的影响越大。     

基于PolyCyano UV粉末显现手印的新技术

目的介绍1种新型PolyCyano UV粉末显现非渗透性光滑客体表面潜手印的新技术。方法选取多种常见客体,由志愿者在客体上捺印指印,将PolyCyano UV粉末加热至230℃使其升华,待该粉末在手印纹线上聚合后使用长波紫外线照射若干时间,然后在蓝光激发下使用滤色镜观察并拍照。结果绝大部分非渗透性光滑客体表面上的潜手印均有很好的显现效果,尤其是对浅色或白色客体有十分明显的荧光效果,对陈旧手印也有较好的显现效果。结论该方法熏显操作简便、显现时间短、无需二次染色增强、不破坏生物检材、显现效果明显,适合推广使用。     

Luminescent visualization of latent fingerprints by direct reaction with a lanthanide shift reagent.

The utilization of the lanthanide shift reagent tris (6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedionato) europium (III) [Eu(fod)3] as a simple one-step reagent for the luminescent visualization of latent fingerprints has been investigated. UV excitation of Eu(fod)3-treated prints, achieved by using a hand-held UV lamp or a Polilight, results in an orange emission at 614 nm. Time-resolved imaging is not required for visualization. Visualization of latent fingerprints on paper under the conditions used, although good, was found to be inferior to that obtained by standard DFO (1,8-diazafluoren-9-one) treatment, whereas visualization of prints obtained on aluminum drink cans and galvanized iron proved superior to that obtained by Superglue/panacryl treatment. Eu(fod)3 treatment can also be used first without compromising subsequent ninhydrin or DFO treatment, making it a 'nothing-to-lose" reagent.     

A further study to investigate the detection and enhancement of latent fingerprints using visible absorption and luminescence chemical imaging

This study investigated the application of chemical imaging to the detection of latent fingerprints using the Condor macroscopic chemical imaging system (ChemImage Corp., Pittsburgh, USA). Methods were developed and optimised for the visualisation of untreated latent fingerprints and fingerprints processed with DFO, ninhydrin, cyanoacrylate, and cyanoacrylate plus rhodamine 6G stain. The results obtained with chemical imaging were compared to the detection achieved using conventional imaging techniques. The Condor significantly improved the detection of many prints, especially those that might be considered poor quality or borderline prints. Prints on newspaper treated with ninhydrin and DFO, and prints on white and yellow paper treated with ninhydrin, benefited the most from chemical imaging detection. In many cases, fingerprints undetectable using conventional imaging techniques could be visualised with chemical imaging. Ridge detail from untreated prints on yellow paper was also detected using the Condor. When prints of high quality were examined, both detection techniques produced quality results. The results of this project demonstrate that chemical imaging offers advantages over conventional visualisation techniques when examining latent fingerprints, especially those that would be considered difficult, such as weak prints or prints on surfaces that produce highly luminescent backgrounds. Standard testing procedures for the detection and enhancement of fingerprints by chemical imaging are presented and discussed.     

Evaluation of Four Fingerprint Development Methods for Touch Chemistry Using Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization/Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry,

Four preparation techniques for MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry were compared to determine the ability to gather intelligence for investigations through the chemical analysis of latent fingerprints, defined as “touch chemistry.” Compatible fingerprint development processes used for identification along with new techniques are necessary to evaluate touch chemistry. Ten volunteers deposited fingerprints from solvent residues containing drugs and explosives onto microscope slides. The developers included (A) fingerprint powder, (B) MALDI matrix, (C) fingerprint powder and lifting, and (D) cyanoacrylate fuming with fingerprint powder. Qualitative identification was based on ion images and spectra. The highest average detection rates (88%) were found using methods A and B. Methods C (52%) or D (18%) had limited success. Results demonstrate the importance of imaging coupled to extracted mass spectral data in detecting analytes in deposited fingerprints. Overall, the results suggest continued development of touch chemistry applications could prove useful for gathering intelligence and forensically relevant information.