坚定行进在推动人类发展进步的道路上——2022年外国共产党的新发展与新动向

2022年，外国共产党逐渐步入一个新的发展周期。多国共产党隆重纪念十月革命105周年、苏联成立100周年等系列活动。多国共产党参加国内各层级选举，但支持率普遍下滑，整体成绩惨淡。多国共产党召开全国代表大会或中央全会，总结阶段性发展工作，为未来发展确定方向和目标。外国共产党积极加强联系与沟通，谋求共识与合作，但在一些重大理论和实践问题上的分歧也导致相关矛盾冲突凸显。外国共产党继续坚持不懈反对霸权主义，维护和平，捍卫社会公平正义，推动人类社会发展与进步。面向未来，各国共产党唯有相互尊重、求同存异，才能最大程度地弥合分歧、实现协作，推动世界社会主义不断走向振兴。     

国外共产党和工人党纪念共产国际100周年:形式、观点和意蕴

2019年是共产国际创立100周年,许多国外共产党和工人党对此高度关注,通过发表声明和文章、召开国际会议等方式进行隆重纪念。他们立足于变化着的世界形势和当今时代的特点,结合本国实际与党的活动情况,阐述共产国际的伟大历史意义和宝贵政治遗产,批判歪曲历史、诋毁共产国际的论调;同时以史为鉴,正视共产国际遭受的挫折,汲取经验教训,以推动世界社会主义运动的复兴。共产国际100周年之际的回顾与展望,对国外共产党和工人党明确道路、加强联系和扩大影响等具有重要意义。     

国外共产党发展的最新情况与新特点

近期以来,国外共产党总体发展态势平稳,但力量和影响回升乏力。执政的共产党普遍加强自身建设,发展各有特色;参政的共产党努力维持其基本价值理念,在野的共产党积极开展理论和实践的探索,取得了一些成果。但新时期它们也面临着不少复杂、尖锐的难题,其未来发展将充满艰辛和挑战。当然,新时期国外共产党的发展也不乏一些闪光的“亮点”和机遇。     

新冠肺炎疫情下外国共产党的发展变化

2020年外国共产党在新冠肺炎疫情全球蔓延的复杂态势中努力探寻发展道路、拓展生存空间.多国共产党举行了纪念列宁诞辰150周年、恩格斯诞辰200周年、第二次世界大战相关事件75周年等系列活动.多国共产党参加了地区和地方议会选举,既有突破也有隐忧,选举中的左翼联合趋势明显加强,但矛盾冲突也不时显现.社会主义国家执政的共产党积极采取措施应对疫情造成的经济困难.非执政的共产党也在深入总结经验、谋划未来行动方向.新冠肺炎疫情下,如何把疫情危机转化为自身发展壮大的契机,外国共产党需要进行更加深入的思考和探索.     

冷战后社会党党际关系的新变化

党际外交是国家总体外交的重要组成部分。自1978年以来,以邓小平同志为核心的第二代中央领导集体,在总结国际共运史上经验和教训的基础上,提出了建立新型党际关系的思想。1982年,中国共产党正式确定了“独立自主、完全平等、互相尊重、互不干涉内部事务”的党际交往四项原则。在这一原则的指导下,中国共产党突破了原来只同各国共产党交往的局限,逐步同各国各类合法政党进行接触,开展交流,建立了多种形式的联系和交往,并通过加强党际交往促进了国家关系的发展。作为近几年正在重新崛起的力量,左翼政党在其中发挥了重要作用。对左翼政党党际关系进行研究,具有重要的理论与实践意义。     

南亚社会主义运动的现状、贡献和前景

南亚社会主义运动历史悠久,各国共产党的理论和实践探索独具特色,影响深远,是世界社会主义运动的重要组成部分。从思想理论、政治实践和社会影响三方面看,南亚社会主义运动大体有三大流派,其兴起、发展和壮大一直受国际国内因素双重影响,形成了独特的发展历程,也形成了有自身特色的理论观点和政治实践。当前各国共产党的组织、群众基础尚在,并努力加强党建、调整发展策略。     

智利共产党百年社会主义探索历程与兴衰浅析

智利共产党在100多年的历史征程中,致力于探索智利特色的社会主义道路,为此坚持走“和平过渡”道路,而这一道路主要是通过建立与社会党等中左翼政党的联盟合作策略来推进的.通过这一路径,智利共产党不仅实现了数次参政,而且在20世纪70年代一度开启了“智利革命”的短暂实践,为非执政共产党在资本主义制度下摸索社会主义的实现途径提供了有益的经验教训.智利政变以来,该党在坚持社会主义的前提下,继续探索具有时代与国情特色的社会主义模式,在曲折中日渐走向重振.     

国外共产党实行民主集中制的主要情况

民主集中制作为共产党的根本组织原则,是共产党区别于其他政党的一个重要标志.在当今全球化、网络化时代,各国共产党对民主集中制有不同看法和做法,其中一些新动向值得关注.     

科学发展观与新发展主义:中外新发展理论比较

科学发展观是中国共产党在总结改革开放和现代化建设的发展经验、汲取世界各国发展理论和发展实践的成败教训的基础上提出的新发展理念。新发展主义是西方学界在反思传统的第三世界发展理论、批判二战后西方盛行的发展主义观念的基础上形成的关于第三世界经济社会发展的新思路。比较这两种新的发展理论,有助于我们批判地吸收国外发展理论的最新成果,加强对科学发展观的理解和认识。     

热话题与冷思考——马克思思想:与中国改革开放同行

对于中国理论界而言,2018年是一个特别重要的年份,正值马克思诞辰200周年、《共产党宣言》发表170周年、改革开放40周年等重大历史纪念节点。如何科学认识和准确把握这些重大事件之间的内在逻辑是关系我们党和国家未来发展方向的重大问题,也是理论界必须解决的基本问题。究竟应当如何看待马克思主义与中国改革开放的关系?马克思思想的哪些理论观点对改革开放中重大课题的回答产生了重要影响和形成了重大创新?在改革开放新的历史条件下,我们在对待和运用马克思主义上取得了哪些突出的理论和实践成效?在新时代应如何坚持和发展马克思主义?为加深对这些问题的理解,本刊特约请教育部社会科学委员会副主任、北京大学中国道路与中国化马克思主义协同创新中心主任顾海良教授就相关问题进行深入探讨。     

新局面新特点新举措--新世纪中国共产党的对外交往

进入二十一世纪,国际局势发生深刻变化,世界多极化和经济全球化的趋势在曲折中发展,和平与发展仍是时代主题。中国共产党站在时代潮头,带领中国人民继往开来,与时俱进,胜利前进。党的十六大确定了新阶段的历史任务和发展目标,为党的对外工作指明了方向,开辟了广阔空间。按照十六大提出的要求,党的对外工作积极开拓,锐意进取,取得新的成就:与社会主义国家政党交往取得丰硕成果,与周边国家政党关系全面恢复并深入发展,与广大发展     

New Hispanic Migration and HIV Risk in New York

Abstract

This paper reports on research designed to assess access to care by Latino immigrant populations in the New York area. A qualitative approach and methods were employed, involving focus groups with PWAs and affected men and women from Mexico, the Dominican Republic and Central America to explore the perceptions, beliefs, experience and knowledge of HIV care issues and the issues affecting health-seeking behavior. Among the data collected to provide context, depth and detail to the issue of access and utilization of services, was the detailed information on migration and HIV risk reported here.

A total of 57 men and women participated, ranging in age from 19-61. Results included information on migration patterns, obstacles for Latino immigrants living in the U.S., social networks, community resources, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, risk behavior and access to information. Data support the conclusion that to be effective in reaching and providing services to these immigrant groups, it is crucial to understand the environment from which they come and the impact of immigration. Poverty; repressive governments; lack of education/literacy; ethnicity, class; color-based stigma; and cultural norms are crucial factors in determining their attitudes, motivations, decisions and behavior. The key elements for the provision of services to this population appear to be those which build on cultural norms and which network human and institutional resources.     

Chainbuilding: A New Building for the New New School

Until a souring national and local economy led them to scale back their plans in 2008, The New School in New York City had been designing a new, 500,000-ft² “signature building” intended to embody what administrators were calling The new New School, a university committed to progressive, interdisciplinary, urban, global education. The building was to offer glimpses of the horizon of academic infrastructure and media and their potential impact—structural, pedagogic, and symbolic—on the university and its communities. Although the building will not be realized in the form presented to the public in spring 2008, the design deliberations that generated that proposal offer valuable insights into how a university might reembody its ideals in a time of intense globalization and mediatization. Complementing Robert Kirkbride’s paper on the pedagogical practice of chainmaking and its historical relationship to learning spaces, we examine in this paper how media can be instrumental in wayfinding, how they can help to organize a building into various “processual” paths that reflect different approaches to learning, and how their presence in learning spaces can enhance teaching and learning. We also discuss how the building can serve as a mediator within the community, reflecting the institution’s identity and its pedagogical philosophy.

West Indians in New York

Abstract

The process by which diverse ethnic groups from around the world blended into a unique civilization called the United States of America has provided insight into how mass immigration impacts on the development of human societies. This study explored the economic, educational, and social integration of a group of 409 first generation West Indian immigrants into the fabric of the society in New York City. It used the self-reports of those who were born and had worked in the West Indies, and had migrated and lived for several years in New York. The survey asked about their economic and educational status in the West Indies, compared with their current socio-economic profile, in order to determine the degree and quality of their social mobility. The criterion variables economic integration and experiencing problems of living in the United States of America were associated with nine input factors: age, citizenship, education, gender, income, length of residence, marital status, occupation, and reason for migrating to the United States.     

New ideas in political ecology

Alain Lipietz, Green Hopes: The Future of Political Ecology, (Polity Press, Cambridge 1995). 169pp. ISBN 0–7456–1327–6.

Andrew Dobson and Paul Lucardie, The Politics of Nature: Explorations in Green Political Theory, (Routledge, London and New York 1995). 240pp. ISBN 0–415–12471–9.

Tim Hayward, Ecological Thought: An Introduction, (Polity Press, Cambridge 1995). 259pp. ISBN 0–7456–1320–9.     

新世纪以来的中古关系

2009年1月1日是古巴革命胜利50周年纪念日。在这喜庆的日子里，人们不由得回忆起50年来中古两国不断加深的友好情谊。中国同古巴的友好关系源远流长，其历史可追溯到19世纪中叶。在1847年及其后的数十年间，许多华工及其后代都积极地参加了两次古巴独立战争，获得了古巴人民的热烈欢迎和高度评价，从而为中古两国的传统友谊打下了坚实的基础。     

New media and governance in conflict

The role of new media in shaping the interactions of formal and informal leaders with their audiences is frequently misunderstood and often narrowly focussed on electoral processes and political competition. By weaving together strands of scholarship on political communication and political settlement while engaging with concepts of hybrid governance and leadership more prevalent in the African studies literature, this article takes a different, wider focus. We attempt to knit a framework that challenges normative assumptions on institutional communicative practices and considers the role of power, leadership and communications in both exacerbating and mitigating violent conflict in emerging and consolidating democracies. By bringing together disparate strands of scholarship that are rarely in dialogue, we question a characterisation that contrasts vertical mainstream media with more horizontal and inclusive social media, arguing that a more nuanced view of the political significance of these spaces is required, one that highlights their interplay and blurs the boundaries between online and offline. In doing so, the article places power at the centre of analysis to examine how entrenched relations of patronage can be left unscathed, transformed or even reinforced by networked forms of communication.     

中东局势又起波澜

随着奥巴马上台及其中东新政的逐渐成形，一向被公认为“火药桶”的中东地区，一年多来总体局势有所缓和。其实，貌似平静的昔日“多事之秋”，一直是暗流涌动。最近，围绕伊核危机的新博弈、以色列袭击国际救援船队以及伊拉克暴力事件再次抬头等事态发展，又使涌动的暗流逐渐浮出水面，致使中东局势又起波澜。     

与时俱进 开拓创新 努力开创山东友城工作新局面

山东省经济社会发展进入了全面建设小康社会，加快推进工业化、城镇化、市场化、国际化进程的历史新阶段。作为对外开放的重要桥梁和纽带，友城工作必须以全新的姿态把握机遇，迎接挑战，努力谋求新跨越，更好地服务大局，以适应当前新的形势和任务的要求。