女性“由赌及黑”的启示——基于“谢才萍组织、领导黑社会性质组织犯罪”一案的分析

谢才萍组织、领导的黑社会性质组织具有3个特征：组织者、领导者为女性；生成过程表现为“由赌及黑”、“以赌养黑”；形成重大影响过程中存有“保护伞”。为了防止此类黑社会性质组织的生成，需要加强转型时期的女性利益观和法制教育；改善就业环境以减少社会闲散人员；加大对赌博违法犯罪行为的惩戒力度，铲除赌博滋生的土壤；亟需加强对公权力尤其是警察权的监督，以防国家工作人员沦为黑社会性质组织的“保护伞”。     

对涉黑组织在经济领域犯罪的防控

我国黑社会(性质)组织涉足经济领域犯罪的现状从当前黑社会(性质)组织犯罪的发展方向和其赖以存在、发展的基础来看,一旦黑社会(性质)组织扎根于经济领域,“以黑护商,以商养黑”,为犯罪活动的扩张提供经济后     

论黑社会性质组织犯罪附加刑之完善——以“反黑”司法实践为视角

以“反黑”司法实践为视角，黑社会性质组织犯罪有其自身的特性及发展规律。针对出现的黑社会性质组织篡夺基层政权和自治组织的案件，应对其产生原因进行分析，并提出完善黑社会性质组织犯罪附加刑之法律对策。     

我国黑社会性质犯罪的成因／特点及对策

所谓“黑社会性质组织”,既非典型的“黑社会”,又不是一般的犯罪集团,而是介乎二者之间带有黑社会性质的特殊的犯罪集团。近年来,黑社会性质组织犯罪在我国大量出现,而且有愈演愈烈的趋势,严重影响了社会的安定和公共的秩序,同时也为构建社会主义和谐社会带来了极大的障碍。本文指出对黑社会性质组织特点及成因进行剖析,不仅可以为制定相应的防范对策提供依据,而且具有深远的社会意义。     

论黑社会性质组织犯罪的成因及防治

具有黑社会性质的犯罪组织严重破坏了我国政治、经济秩序、社会秩序及生产生活秩序,也为我国刑法理论界和司法实践部门所关注。现笔者就“黑社会性质组织”概念及特征进行阐述,分析其形成原因,对如何预防及治理“黑社会性质组织”做粗略分析。一、黑社会性质组织的定义黑社会组     

境外黑社会组织在广东省内渗透活动初探

根据初步掌握,境外黑社会组织在广东的渗透活动情况是严重的,如果说八十年代初境外黑社会渗透是“单帮”的话,那么,现在是有计划地进来发展组织、立足生根了。当前,已发现有29个境外黑社会组织进入我省活动,这些组织不仅有港、澳、台的,还有日本的,他们通过组织渗透、思想渗透等方式,在省内发展组织不断扩充势力,进行各种违法犯罪活动。香港的“14K”、“和胜和”、“福义兴”、“新义安”、“水房”、“广盛堂”等十多个黑社会组织在我省均设立有秘密据点。他们以深圳、珠海为起点,以珠江三角洲腹地为基地,正在向两翼和纵深发展。在境外黑社会犯罪活动的影响下,省内及内地流入人员中的不法分子也相继仿效境外黑社会组织结成带黑社会性质的犯罪团伙,如深圳已查获这类犯罪团伙×××个,涉及人员×××人。这些带黑性质的团伙从事各种违法犯罪活动,并且呈现出逐渐蔓延和日益严重的趋向。更严重的是境外黑社会组织和境内带黑社会组织性质的团伙犯罪结合在一起进行各种违法犯罪活动,其能量更大。这些,对我省的社会治安已构成较大的威胁。有鉴于此,本文拟就境外黑社会组织在我省内的渗透活动、趋向及对策作些探讨,以求达到抛砖引玉的作用。     

广东 黑社会性质组织犯罪

广东地处东南沿海,毗邻港澳,得改革开放之机,各行各业兴旺发达,广东黑社会性质组织也在市场经济发展中悄然滋生,发展壮大,称霸一方,为非作歹,严重破坏了当地正常的经济秩序和社会生活秩序,逐渐成为广东社会治安的突出问题。本文就广东黑社会性质组织犯罪的特点、原因及发展趋势进行探讨,并从中找出遏制此类犯罪的对策。当前黑社会性质组织犯罪的特点 1.以地缘、血缘、业缘为纽带,形成土生土长型的黑社会性质组织,称霸一方,残害百姓当前,广东省不少城市、农村都存在土生土长型的黑社会性质组织,这类组织我们称为“土黑”。他们具有以下特点:一是以地域性为主纠合而成的黑社会性质组织,一般活跃于本地和周边地区,或是以帮会形式在异地发展。如潮州市由本地人组成的郑煌黑社会性质组织,以“恒安发展有限公司”为掩护,在潮州、广州、佛山等地进行绑架勒索、抢劫、杀人、开设堵场等违法犯罪活动,社会危     

把握证据 锁定涉黑犯罪组织——从“赵晓东案”谈涉黑犯罪的组织性证据的搜集固定

“打黑除恶”专项斗争中,有一部分黑社会性质特征较为明显的犯罪组织未能以黑社会性质组织犯罪定罪处罚,其原因之一,就是我们将工作重点放在了发现具体犯罪行为人,控制、抓获犯罪嫌疑人,而对黑社会性质组织犯罪中证明其“组织性”的证据收集与固定缺乏经验。现在的黑社会性质组织, 组织结构大多是以各成员的口供相互印证加以明确的。很难再     

黑社会（性质）组织犯罪的亚文化分析

黑社会（性质）组织本身就是一个亚文化群，其犯罪行为背后具有相应的亚文化特征。旧中国黑社会犯罪的亚文化特征以传统礼教为基础，通过各种形式的载体表现出来，起到聚集组织力量的作用。当前我国的黑社会性质组织犯罪除了具备旧中国黑社会犯罪的一些亚文化特征之外，也呈现出一些新的特点：追求经济利益、积极寻求“保护伞”并逐步向政治领域渗透。为有效防治黑社会性质组织犯罪在我国的蔓延，有必要营造良好的文化氛围，以消除黑社会性质组织犯罪产生的社会文化根源。     

解读“黑社会组织”

现阶段，港澳台地区都专门制订了单行反黑刑事法律，对惩治黑社会犯罪作出了具体性规定。目前，“黑社会组织”一词在我国大陆地区还不是刑法名词，立法机关尚未对其进行原则性规定和有权解释。对于黑社会组织的认知，不应人为拔高；对于黑社会组织的理解，不应自我僵化。精确解读“黑社会性质组织”和“恶势力”，将有助于科学界定“黑社会组织”。     

Perception vs. Reality: The Relationship Between Organized Crime and Human Trafficking in Metropolitan Atlanta

Since the enactment of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, there has been an increase in both media and scholarly discussions of human trafficking. Although most of these discussions have framed human trafficking as a crime committed primarily by organized crime groups, there has been very little empirical research examining the link between human trafficking and organized crime. In an effort to start to address this gap in the research, we conduct an exploratory study to determine if there is a link between human trafficking and organized crime in one of the Southeast’s human trafficking hubs – Atlanta, Georgia. We collected data on 24 federal human trafficking cases that were indicted in metropolitan Atlanta between 2000 and 2013. Then, we conducted a content analysis of the court documents for each federal human trafficking case and classified the relationship between organized crime and human trafficking using one of three categories: nonexistent, organized criminal network, organized criminal syndicate. For the majority of the human trafficking cases (n = 16), we found that there was no relationship between organized crime and human trafficking. For the cases that did show a relationship between organized crime and human trafficking, we found evidence of organized criminal networks in eight of the cases and evidence of an organized criminal syndicate in only one case.     

垄断黑金与暴力魅影——王兴强黑社会性质组织犯罪评析

公安部挂牌督办的王兴强黑社会性质组织为追逐非法利润,以合法企业为外衣,暴力垄断市场;该黑社会性质组织结构严密,并拉拢国家工作人员包庇、纵容犯罪行为。在司法实践中,应加强市场监管,严厉整治社会秩序;制定专门法规,准确认定黑社会性质组织犯罪：强化司法部门的特殊打击能力,有力打击黑社会性质组织犯罪;严厉打击国家工作人员涉黑职务犯罪,彻底消除“保护伞”的庇护;加大对洗钱行为的预防、监控和打击力度。     

The Black Mafia: African-American organized crime in Chicago 1890–1960

The historical role of African-Americans in organized crime in the UnitedStates has been greatly ignored by the academic community. What researchthat does exist argues that black Americans played a minor role in theethnic gambling and vice industries that existed in many American citiesat the beginning of the Twentieth Century. This view is supported by the alien conspiracy theory, which argues that the participation of African-Americansand other minorities in syndicated vice and crime followed the decline oftraditional Italian American organized crime groups. This research arguesthat sophisticated African-American organized crime groups in Chicago existedindependently of Italian American organized crime and that African-Americans eventually played an important role in the activities of the Chicago Outfit,the traditional Italian American organized group in Chicago.     

From tong war to organized crime: Revising the historical perception of violence in Chinatown

An analysis of New York City press accounts and official documents from 1894 to 1908 challenges many assumptions about Chinese organized crime in the United States. Contrary to conventional wisdom, this analysis provides strong evidence that Chinese organized crime is neither “emerging” nor “nontraditional” and that it predates, in structure and sophistication, organizations of other ethnic origins later recognized as “modern” organized crime by academics, the media, and the government. A qualitative, document-based case study of the first “tong war” between the Hip Sing Tong and the On Leong Tong (1899–1907) shows that both organizations were heavily involved in a multiethnic social system of organized crime that extended across the United States and to China itself. The turn-of-the-century tongs were involved with police and political corruption, labor racketeering, price fixing, prostitution, gambling, immigrant smuggling, slavery, drug trafficking, and violent crimes. They are still associated with these activities.     

Assessing the impact of casino gambling on crime in Mississippi

The introduction of legalized gambling into a community has generated a great deal of hubris regarding concomitant criminality. While Las Vegas has long been synonymous with organized crime, the recent focus has been on the connection between traditional crime and legalized gambling. The conventional wisdom among opponents of this new source of revenue is that casinos attract many undesirables to the community, thereby increasing crime and social disorganization. Routine activities theory would suggest that with increased numbers of tourists, more opportunities for crime will exist. To test this proposition, the frequency of crime before and after the introduction of legalized gambling in Biloxi, Mississippi was examined. Larcey-theft and motor vehicle theft were the only categories of crime to show statistically significant change. Robbery and aggravated assault increased, while murder and rape declined, although the change was not statistically significant for any category of violent crime.     

Involvement mechanisms for organized crime

This study aims to illuminate the processes that make individuals engage in organized crime activities. Within the diversity of individual involvement processes, several distinctive mechanisms are discussed. Theoretical ideas are illustrated by empirical data on 15 crime groups, including over 300 offenders. The crime groups differ in size, composition, and the nature of criminal activities. Social capital theory is used to understand the dynamical process of becoming involved in organized crime; on the one hand an individual contributes to a crime group, on the other hand the crime group helps an individual reach certain goals. Case studies reveal several resources, such as knowledge, skills, and equipment, that make offenders suit and contribute to a particular organized crime group. Criminal and conventional histories of organized crime offenders turn out to be diverse. Several joint characteristics that opened doors to organized crime opportunities, like running one’s own business, are discussed. It is confirmed that involvement through family and long-time friends is common; most criminal groups contain at least one or two relatives.     

试论我国"反黑"刑事立法的完善

我国现行"反黑"刑事立法存在着以下不足:缺乏超前性、完备性和配套性;针对性不强;刑罚设置明显偏轻.有鉴于此,文章提出了完善我国现行"反黑"刑事立法的几点构想:其一,增设黑社会犯罪的有关新罪,同时对现有罪名进行补充修改,使刑法规定具有适度的超前性;其二,修改现行刑法典关于黑社会性质犯罪的刑罚规定,提高量刑幅度,增设财产刑;其三,采用特别证据制度.     

包庇黑社会性质组织罪若干问题研究

包庇黑社会性质组织罪是指国家机关工作人员包庇黑社会性质组织的行为。它是修订后的刑法在第 2 94条第 4款所增加的一个新罪名。本罪所侵犯的直接客体是什么 ?包庇的对象是否只能是“黑社会性质的组织” ?“包庇”行为如何界定以及本罪的立法是否需要进一步的完善等问题均值得研究     

网络赌博案件的侦查取证模式研究

随着互联网技术的发展，各类网络犯罪案件日益增多，尤其是网络赌博犯罪日渐猖獗。由于网络赌博犯罪具有空间跨度大、犯罪成本低、隐蔽性强和赌资流动性大等特点，这对侦查机关提出了挑战。笔者从网络赌博犯罪的特点入手、在分析网络赌博犯罪的侦查难点的基础上，提出了针对此类案件的侦查取证模式。基于此模式，侦查人员通过相关性、功能性和时间性等三方面的调查分析，进行网络赌博案件的侦查取证工作。     

Illegal gambling businesses & organized crime: an analysis of federal convictions

Illegal gambling operations have been alleged to support organized crime and victimize participants, rather than benefit them. This is said to occur through cheating in the games provided, defrauding the government of tax revenue, and funding other illicit and criminal activities. What has been missing is a systematic analysis of actual cases involving illegal gambling businesses to determine precisely who is involved, how these businesses operate, the nature of the threat posed, and the law enforcement response to it. The analysis reported here examines all federal convictions involving operation of illegal gambling businesses during a single year. There were more than 80 persons charged and convicted of participation in illegal gambling businesses, centered around 40 distinct enterprises. The results indicate that illegal gambling businesses in the United States are long-term operations consisting of four general types, and that enforcement of existing laws, particularly related to illegal online sports betting, are not working effectively.