社会转型期儿童福利的理论框架与政策框架

儿童与国家关系既是个经典的理论议题,又是重大的现实问题和政策问题。在社会结构转型和社会现代化背景下,中国困境儿童群体和儿童福利理论、政策框架议题成为社会政策议程的优先议题,本文首次概要建构儿童福利的理论框架与政策框架,探讨理论框架与政策框架的现实意义和社会意义,为亿万少年儿童身心健康成长指明未来发展方向。     

整合儿童健康与儿童福利：重构中国现代儿童福利政策框架

儿童身心健康成长关系家庭生活幸福美满、中华民族复兴强盛、国家繁荣富强、培育社会栋梁与社会发展前景等一系列重大的战略议题。儿童生活状况反映国家发展状况。中国儿童福利服务体系呈现高度分隔状态,儿童健康照顾缺乏儿童福利的理念与价值基础,儿童福利服务发展严重滞后,社会结构转型与社会现代化、贯彻落实科学发展观和构建和谐社会,迫切需要重构整合性、全国性、普及性、综合性、连续性和生活化的儿童福利政策框架。     

儿童健康照顾与国家福利责任重构中国现代儿童福利政策框架

儿童身心健康成长关系家庭生活幸福美满、中华民族复兴强盛、国家繁荣富强等一系列重大的战略议题.儿童生活状况反映国家发展状况.中国儿童福利服务体系呈现高度分隔状态,儿童健康照顾缺乏儿童福利的理念与价值基础,儿童福利服务发展严重滞后,社会结构转型与社会现代化、贯彻落实科学发展观和构建和谐社会迫切需要重构整合性、全国性、普及性、综合性、连续性和生活化的儿童福利政策框架.     

国家、市场与家庭关系中的性别与公民权利配置:如何理解女性在就业与家庭之间的选择自由?

在现代社会,市场经济、女性主义思潮和社会运动的发展,对两性关系和女性权利的变化都产生了深远的影响,重新理解女性在公共与私人领域中的处境变得十分重要。本文从社会科学中公/私二分法的角度出发,探讨了性别关系与福利体制的形成和发展,同时结合女性主义的理论论述分析了国家、市场与家庭关系中的妇女权利配置这一核心问题,并对社会政策的发展与妇女的能力发展之间的内在联系进行反思。     

试论中国福利社会与西方福利国家的区别

建设中国福利社会是我国社会建设和社会福利发展的长远目标,但建设中国福利社会不是把中国发展为西方式的福利国家。中国福利社会与西方福利国家之间存在着重大差别,主要体现在历史进程、本质属性、意识形态、根本目的和福利水平等五个方面。     

女性主义国际关系理论:主题的转换与演进

女性主义国际关系理论产生于20世纪80年代中后期。从研究主题的变化看,女性主义国际关系理论的发展大体经历了两个阶段。第一个阶段,挖掘主流范式性别中立背后的性别故事,批判主流范式的男性特征,将妇女与妇女问题引入国际关系;第二个阶段,与主流范式就性别与国际关系、女性主义议题和女性主义方法论等问题展开论争,实现从国际关系的"女性化"到真正性别化的转变。目前,女性主义国际关系理论开启了理论体系和方法伦建构的进程,这是女性主义国际关系理论发展成为成熟理论范式的必由之路。     

福利国家改革与公民社会权利重构

二战后形成的福利国家作为对公民社会权利的制度性保证,明确界定了国家对公民的福利。但福利国家困境却模糊了福利制度与公民社会权利的关系,新自由主义改革在缩减福利功能的同时更是构成对公民社会权利的进一步恶化。20世纪90年代兴起的第三条道路理论重新考察福利国家的起源和困境,在"超越左与右"进行福利改革的同时,将公民社会权利嵌入到更广阔的社会框架中,赋予其新的发展空间。     

福利社会论要

近年来,中国政府高度重视推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设。在社会福利研究领域,国内学术界最近提出了＂福利社会＂这一概念,主张在政府主导下,建构适度普惠型的社会福利。事实上,＂福利国家＂与＂福利社会＂的概念大同小异,＂福利社会＂的概念更多强调在社会福利中国家、市场和社会的多元参与,而＂福利国家＂概念更多强调国家的主体责任。     

社会学视角下的福利国家

<正>社会给付与社会规制是福利国家社会福利政策的两种类型,也是实现福利国家的手段广义的包含社会保障在内的社会福利制度是对社会资源进行再分配,调节发展与秩序矛盾的最主要手段。福利国家的形成与发展是战后发达国家社会发展的主要特征。但在这个过程中形成的福利国家却各有其特点。那么什么是福利国家?已有的福利国家之间的福利制度都有哪些不同?为什么会有这些不同?今后福利制度的发展趋势是什么?本文主要通过武川     

现代资本主义福利国家的结构性矛盾——新马克思主义的福利国家批判理论

二战后直到20世纪70年代,西方资本主义福利国家模式形成并取得了令人瞩目的成绩,尤其是缓和了资本主义经济与社会整体福利、社会公平的冲突.但是随着1973年石油危机的爆发,资本主义经济进入停滞状态,福利国家也受到巨大的冲击,甚至开始反弹.在此背景下,以奥菲、高夫为代表的新马克思主义理论家对资本主义福利国家模式进行了反思,分析和总结了现代福利国家模式与资本主义存在的结构性矛盾,正是这种矛盾导致了福利国家以政治、行政的手段调和资本主义经济与社会整体目标之间对立的努力所能取得的成就是有限的.     

From Welfare State to Welfare Society

Summary

Within the area of health and social welfare the Danish state has recently made a new approach to prevention and problem-solving. The goal was to promote innovation and social inventions on a local and citizen-oriented level through public funds. In this paper we will focus on a special program called “Social Development Program” (SUM), running from 1988 until the end of 1991. The program can be seen as a new trend in Danish welfare policy turning from an almost solely welfare state policy to a welfare society policy involving municipalities, voluntary organizations, and the users themselves. Another trend is the emergence of a voluntary initiative started on a citizen basis-self-help groups. They have had great impact on the way of viewing the preventive capacity and the helping ability among lay people.     

国家角色的转变与新中国养老保障政策变迁

本文借助福利多元主义的视角,分析了自改革开放以来国家角色在养老保障政策变迁中的转变。文章发现,自市场经济改革以来的国家收缩在进入新世纪之后出现了国家回归的新趋势,这一转变是社会福利供给严重失衡所导致的结构性压力与政府执政理念转变共同作用的结果。国家角色从收缩到适度回归的变化对理解中国社会政策体系的变迁轨迹及其未来发展具有重要的意义。     

福利权利是个人的还是家庭的?--从性别视角看福利供热制度改革与社会公平重建

近年来,北方福利供热一直是比较敏感的社会问题,它一方面涉及到北方居民基本生活保障,另一方面也关涉到社会福利公平分配。而以往的福利供热政策是以家庭为单位,并且常常落实到男人身上。那么,在福利供热制度改革中,如何看待这种“男女不同对待”的政策?这种政策背后所隐藏的潜规则是什么?如何实现福利制度改革和社会公平重建的双赢?本文尝试探讨和回答这些问题。     

建立我国行政公益诉讼制度若干问题探讨

随着我国经济的发展与法律体系的健全，行政公益诉讼在我国已经成为一个热议领域。然而．我国现行法律还没有确立行政公益诉讼制度，但在一些发达国家，行政公益诉讼制度已经相当完备。因此．我国应在现行的行政公益诉讼理论的基础上，在拓宽起诉人资格、扩大受案范围、诉讼费用承担等方面．借鉴国外法治国家的经验，加快确立我国行政公益诉讼制度。     

Early Care and Education for Children in the Child Welfare System: Evaluations of Two Training Programs

Despite evidence that early care and education services benefit at-risk children, they remain underutilized by families in the child welfare system. This article describes two training programs developed to educate child welfare and childcare/preschool staff about the importance of early care and education for maltreated children and how to access these services. A combined total of 274 trainees completed knowledge tests about this topic and significant pre- to post-training improvements indicate that both training programs effectively increased participants' knowledge about this important topic. In addition, improvement in self-assessed competency was observed for participants in one program, and positive changes in attitudes and anticipated practice behavior regarding childcare for foster children were observed among participants in the other.     

Causes and Effects of Child Welfare Workforce Turnover

ABSTRACT

This paper provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the causes and effects of workforce turnover in child welfare. The causes of workforce turnover are abundant and have been categorized into three areas cited most often throughout the literature: individual factors, supervisory factors, and organizational factors. On the other hand, the empirical research on the effects of workforce turnover in child welfare is scant. This paper discusses the need for new empirical knowledge on the relationship between turnover and child welfare outcomes. The authors conclude with consideration of the gaps in the research and implications for social work practice and profession.     

Development of a Quality Assurance and Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) Model in Public Child Welfare Systems

The purpose of this article is to review the development and implementation of a revised quality assurance and continuous quality improvement (CQI) model for the child welfare system in one Mid-Atlantic state, and the contribution of this new process to measuring the quality of child welfare practices. This revised CQI model in the state includes a broader scope of assessing practice and outcomes, as well as compliance, and engages internal and external partners in the process. This study is the first to describe the state’s revised CQI implementation process and examine preliminary outcomes in a statewide child welfare system. Findings indicate that the revised model was able to identify the factors that contributed to improving outcomes for children and families and to develop a greater understanding of the aggregate data across the state. This study will contribute to the comprehensive understanding of the model and provide implications for future quality assurance practices.     

How did China's Transitions Impact People's Welfare Benefits in the Reform Era?

This article examines changes in China's welfare programs in the context of economic transition from planned economy to a market-oriented economy. Using the 1988 and 1995 Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP), we develop analytical models to study the critical impacts of institutional variables such as economic ownership types and economic sectors on key welfare programs in both rural and urban areas in China. Our findings show that the Chinese government drastically reduced welfare coverage for its citizens during the economic transitional period even though Chinese urban residents' welfare income was primarily determined by the type of their employment. Outperforming many other factors, work unit's ownership nature played a significant role in the provision of welfare benefits while the economic sectors largely failed to have any significant impacts. These findings indicate that China has been moving away from the active state model in welfare provision. Yet, an industrialization and resource-based welfare system has not been realized in China in the reform era.     

“Those Are Our People and That's Our Family”: Wabanaki Perspectives on Child Welfare Practice in Their Communities

In collaboration with the Maine Wabanaki-State Child Welfare Truth and Reconciliation Commission Convening Group, this study explored perspectives of Wabanaki community members and tribal child welfare staff on state child welfare involvement in Wabanaki communities. Qualitative analysis of three focus groups found that participants perceived fundamental differences between what guides the work of tribal child welfare staff and state child welfare staff, as well as differences in understanding the profound impact of removing a child from the community. These findings are suggested to be elements of a Wabanaki counter-narrative that contrasts with the historical dominant narrative about Native families and children.     

Marginalization of Childless Elderly Men and Welfare Provision: a study in a North China village

Rural reforms have benefited certain groups and marginalized others, creating great disparity in rural China. The welfare situation of childless elderly men, mostly never married, remains little known and largely unnoticed. This study enquires preliminarily into the question of how childless elderly men cope with the changing economic, political, and institutional contexts brought about by the market reforms that started in 1978. With the adoption of a political economy approach to the analysis of welfare resources allocation, and an institutional approach to the analysis of changes in welfare institutions and individual lives, this paper looks into various roles of the state, community, and family in welfare production. The in-depth village study suggests that though the state, community, and family are expected to care for the needy, neither formal nor informal assistance from the community or extended families to the childless elderly is necessarily sufficient, automatic, or forthcoming. Collective land and housing plots seem to be the only resources that the childless elderly have to exchange for care.