试论制贩新型毒品犯罪的特点、原因及对策

受国际毒潮的渗透和影响,我国新型毒品违法犯罪来势凶猛、发展迅速,社会危害日显突出新型毒品制贩犯罪活动呈现出国际化、现代化等特征。造成新型毒品日益严重的原因主要是制造新型毒品的原材料易购、制造工艺简单、新型毒品的科技含量日益加强,而娱乐场所为新型毒品犯罪提供了理想的温床。对此,应广泛深入的发动群众,拓展宣传教育的深度和广度;依法严厉打击毒品犯罪;加快科技强警的步伐,为构建和谐社会创造良好的社会环境。     

毒品的历史文化探析

在人类文明的发展史上,罂粟、古柯树、大麻等植物都对人类文明的发展起过非常重要的作用。这些植物都具有重要的医学价值,只要是在合理的范围内使用,这些植物是能够造福人类的。之所以在今天变成违禁品,主要是在科技的促使下,使得这些植物的药效不断得到提升,被一些人用于满足各种丑恶的欲望。     

论当前制贩毒品案件的特点及打击对策

在所有的毒品犯罪中,制贩毒品犯罪是国家打击的重中之重.当前,由于社会条件的变化,制贩毒品犯罪呈现出新的犯罪特点,新的形势、新的特点的出现给我国打击制贩毒品犯罪提出了新的要求.本文从分析当前制贩毒品犯罪的特点入手,进而明晰当前制贩毒品犯罪蔓延的原因,并最终提出打击制贩毒品犯罪的侦查对策与建议来有效应对制贩毒品犯罪.     

论广东有组织制贩毒品犯罪的历史、现状与发展趋势

广东有组织制贩毒品犯罪猖獗局面是国际毒潮压力下形成的,是世界毒品生产和贩运转移的结果。其现状表现为大要案频发,内外勾结、跨区域作案,科技性增强。受国内外毒品犯罪形势的影响,在相当长的时期内,广东毒情可能会继续恶化下去,其中有组织制贩毒品犯罪因素将起到推波助澜的作用。     

毒品的免疫检测方法研究进展

自本世纪80年代起，海洛因、大麻等毒品开始在全球范围内被广泛滥用，且世界毒品犯罪活动日益猖獗，以致形成了从种植、加工、贩运到销售的国际毒品走私体系．据报道，世界毒品非法交易额现已突破5000亿美元，相当于国际贸易总额的13o／o，仅次于国际军火交易．在消费毒品数量最多的美国，吸毒者每年在毒品上的花费高达1600亿美元．近几年，我国吸毒成病者和吸毒死亡案件也日益增多．据统计，全全国在册的吸毒人数已多达52万以上，分布于全国！600个以上的县市，而这些吸毒人员中，经戒毒治疗而后复吸者达85o／o，对社会治安十分不利．被滥…     

新型合成毒品滥用原因、主要人群及治理对策——以云南省保山市为例

新型合成毒品滥用人群主要为"high"妹群体、无业者群体、边境农民、长途运输司机、出租车司机、赌博者、超长时间在网吧玩游戏者等,少部分公务员、公司职员、个体户及演艺圈人员等,青少年群体。新型合成毒品滥用因素为境外毒源的侵袭、滥用群体对新型合成毒品认识的误区、社会压力过大等。在治理新型合成毒品对策方面,通过调查与分析提出:一是树立滥用人群分类预防的理念。二是以宣传与解释滥用群体对新型合成毒品认识的几个误区为重点,大力加强新型合成毒品预防宣传教育。三是不断提升发现收戒新型合成毒品滥用人员的能力,依法严厉打击新型合成毒品违法犯罪,加强对新型合成毒品问题的综合治理。     

重庆市毒品犯罪的特点与防治对策探析

毒品犯罪是我国当前突出的社会问题之一,重庆作为西南重镇,长期受“金三角”地区的毒害,毒品犯罪形势严峻.本文通过搜集2003-2014年重庆市毒品犯罪的相关数据,分析了重庆市毒品犯罪的特点并从控制毒品的生产、流通和消费环节提出了预防毒品犯罪的对策.     

专家会诊“毒品及其治理”

6月26日是世界禁毒日。今年是第十七个国际禁毒日,其主题是抵制毒品,参与禁毒。每到禁毒日这一天,毒品及其危害、治理就会成为全社会关注的焦点。然而,毒品的屡禁不止以及危害不减,却如影随形,每一天都在冲击着人们的灵魂。因此,认识毒品犯罪,自觉地抵制毒品,参与禁毒,是一件十分必要的事情。2012年6月16日,中欧法律合作大型项目进一步推进中国死刑制度改革结项会议在北京九华山庄召开。与会的诸多实务界与法学界的专家学者们围绕着死刑的存废以及与之相关的各种具体问题展开了激烈的讨论与争鸣。在     

毒品的泛滥与治理:全球视野下的比较

当今世界,毒品问题已成为全球范围内的毒瘤与顽疾。毒品不仅严重损害吸食者的身体健康,还损害其家庭及其他社会关系,往往酿成妻离子散、家破人亡的惨剧。此外,毒品亦是滋生暴力、违法与犯罪的主要源头,给国家和社会造成了严重的危害、增添了沉重的负担。因此,关注毒品问题,惩治毒品犯罪已成为世界各国政府一项重要而艰巨的任务。全球毒品泛滥与犯罪的主要特点与趋势根据联合国毒品与犯罪问题办公室对全球毒品状况的报告,可以发现,近年世界毒品滥用与犯罪呈现以下主要特点:(一)毒品数量与滥用人口仍然呈持续上升趋势。在上世纪90年代末     

欧盟国家娱乐场所毒品滥用问题应对策略分析

就欧盟国家娱乐歌舞场所青年人毒品滥用问题:本文首先指出了娱乐歌舞场所使用毒品造成的相关危害;随后通过介绍欧盟国家在预防和减少娱乐歌舞场所毒品滥用,以及降低毒品滥用导致的相关危害方面所采取的措施,包括立法,政策调控,及环境控制等,以期他山之石可以攻玉,能够对我国在应对该类问题方面有所启示和借鉴,从而进一步探寻较为合理的应对策略。     

Segmental hair analysis for cocaine and heroin abuse determination

Segmental hair analysis was performed to obtain information about the history of drug abuse of subjects in a rehabilitation programme. The analytical data from hair samples were correlated, when possible, with urine analysis and to toxicological anamnesis. Toxicological analysis of hair seems to be a valid tool in this specific field.     

Trends and pattern of drug abuse deaths in Maryland teenagers

The Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of Maryland recorded a total of 149 drug abuse deaths of teenagers aged 13-19 years between 1991 and 2006. Of these deaths, 96 (64.4%) were caused by the use of narcotic drugs only, 29 (19.5%) by both narcotics and cocaine, four (2.7%) by both narcotics and methylenedioxymethamphetamine, six (4.0%) by cocaine only, and 14 (9.4%) by volatile substances (e.g., butane, Freon, nitrous oxide, and propane). The annual death rate from drug abuse for teenagers increased from 1.4 deaths per 100,000 population in 1991 to 2.7 deaths per 100,000 population in 2006 (chi-square test for time trend, p<0.01). The increase in teenager drug abuse deaths occurred in 1999 and since has remained at a higher rate. Further analysis revealed that the increase in drug abuse deaths was attributable to a large degree to narcotic drugs, particularly heroin/morphine and methadone, and was confined to teenagers residing in the suburban and rural areas.     

The designer drug situation in Ibiza

A total of 137 urine samples and 46 serum samples, corresponding to 154 self-confessed designer drugs consumers in Ibiza island, were analyzed for the presence of designer drugs: amphetamine and amphetamine derivatives (methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), p-methoxymethylamphetamine (PMMA), p-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), etc.), ketamine and γ-hydroxybutyric acid. Among this population, coming both from the forensic clinic and from the emergency room of a hospital, a total of 99 cases were found positive for some designer drug. This study shows the prevalence of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) among designer drug users, sole or in association with other drugs. Also, the mixture of MDMA with other designer drugs, ethanol and/or cocaine is shown to be more likely to produce toxic symptoms requiring clinical attendance in a hospital emergency room. These findings along with the consumption history, the concentrations of drugs and metabolites in urine and serum and the toxicological significance for the interpretation of some MDMA metabolites such as 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) are discussed in this study.     

固根萃取技术在系统药、毒物分析中的应用

根据反相色谱法及离子交换色谱法的原理,研制了一种固相萃取小柱,建立了筛分系统,可以同时完成对复杂体系中酸性、中性及碱性药、毒物的一次革取净化及富集,适应于系统毒物及药物筛分工作的需要。并对筛分柱的草取机理进行了初步的实验论证。     

Prevention science,drug abuse prevention,and Life Skills Training: Comments on the state of the science

There has been tremendous growth in the field of prevention science over the past two decades. The defining features of contemporary prevention science are high quality empirical research using rigorous and well-established scientific methods, careful hyphothesis testing, and the systematic accumulation of knowledge. One area where substantial progress has been made is in our understanding of the etiology and prevention of tobacoo, alcohol, and illicit drug abuse. In this paper, we review the growth in prevention as a scientific enterprise, discuss advances in drug abuse prevention research, and review the effectiveness of one approach to the problem of adolescent drug abuse, the Life Skills Traning (LST) program, and the methodological strengths of the LST evaluation research. In addition, we provide a response to criticism regarding two types of data analysis in evaluation research, and show that these analyses can help address a number of important research questions with implications for theory and practice. First, the analysis of high fidelity subsamples can address research questions about the importance of program implementation fidelity; and second, composite measures of concurrent tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use (i.e., polydrug use) are useful in testing research questions about program effects on more serious levels of drug involvement. With an increasing number of ramdomized controlled trials underway, the field of prevention science is contributing to a new generation of evidence-based approaches and policies that, if widely utilized, offer the potential of reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with a number of major health and social problems.     

腐败生物检材中多种碱性滥用药物的检测

目的建立腐败生物检材中多种碱性滥用药物的提取、净化和仪器分析方法。方法用环己烷作为提取溶剂液-液萃取,同时采用Bond Elut Certify小柱、甲醇淋洗、二氯甲烷:异丙醇:氨水(78:20:2)洗脱固相萃取分离提取,GC/MS、GC/NPD定性定量分析各种生物检材中的滥用药物。结果从所送死者肝组织、胃组织、心血及胃内容、尿样、各检材中均同时检出吗啡、可待因、舒乐安定和异丙嗪成份,其中肝组织含量分别为吗啡0.094μg/g、可待因0.257μg/g、异丙嗪0.110μg/g,尿液含量分别为吗啡0.334μg/ml、可待因4.054μg/ml、异丙嗪0.066μg/ml,心血含量分别为吗啡0.036μg/ml、可待因0.106μg/g、异丙嗪0.088μg/ml。结论此方法准确、可靠、科学,可以用于法医毒物分析领域体内检材多种碱性药物的检测。     

英国特殊精神病院和反毒品工作情况简介

一、特殊精神病医院 (一)司法精神病学医院(Forensic Psychiatry Unit) 主要承担辖区内的精神病人住院治疗及司法精神病学鉴定任务.     

Drug abuse, crime costs, and the economic benefits of treatment

Several studies have examined the social consequences and costs of criminal activity. The most popular approach for estimating the costs of crime focuses on easily measurable factors such as incarceration costs, victims' out-of-pocket expenses, medical costs, and lost earnings. However, the intangible losses incurred by victims of crime have rarely been considered. These losses include pain and suffering, as well as loss of the enjoyment of living. Based on recent developments by Cohen and colleagues, we adopt a more comprehensive method for estimating the dollar value of avoided criminal activity, taking into account these intangible losses. We demonstrate the feasibility of this method by estimating the pre- and posttreatment costs of criminal activity for a sample of 2420 drug abusers. The estimated crime-related costs incurred during the period prior to treatment admission and the period after treatment discharge are significantly higher when calculated using the proposed method compared to methods that only consider tangible costs. Furthermore, a simple benefit-cost comparison of criminal activity outcomes indicates that drug abuse treatment has the potential to return net benefits to society through crime reduction. Although the treatment outcomes are not based on an experimental design, this study presents quantitative evidence that including victims' intangible losses can substantially raise the estimated dollar benefits of avoided criminal activity due to drug abuse interventions.This paper was prepared while the authors were employed by Research Triangle Institute.     

GC双检测器技术筛选常见毒(药)物的可行性研究

利用气相色谱仪 ,在样品进样经单柱分离后通过Y形管连接至两个不同选择性检测器 (NPD/FID)的方法 ,考察气相色谱操作条件对双检测器响应比值的影响及其该法用于复杂样品测定的可行性。结果表明当实验条件保持不变时 ,NPD/FID响应比值具有较好的重现性。改变检测器操作参数和色谱条件对NPD/FID响应比值都有影响 ,但相对于某一参比物计算得到的相对NPD/FID响应比值受影响很小。样品中待测组份的浓度改变不影响NPD/FID响应比值。在有标准品比对的情况下 ,NPD/FID响应比值或相对NPD/FID响应比值可以作为定性分析的一个参数。     

The impact of abuse allegations in perceiving parricide in the courtroom

One hundred and seventy five undergraduates (105 females) read a fictional criminal trial summary of a parricide case in which the juvenile defendant alleged sexual abuse or physical abuse or did not allege abuse. An allegation of either type of abuse led to a greater likelihood of a manslaughter conviction than a murder conviction and greater pro-child ratings (e.g., sympathy toward the defendant) compared to no abuse allegations. Specific evaluations of the defendant mediated the verdict results. In addition, there was no support for the claim that perceptions are more heinous for sexual abuse than physical abuse allegations and only limited support that perceptions for this type of case result in women being more pro-child defendant than men. The discussion focuses on how abuse allegations impact jurors' decision-making processes in parricide cases.