英国反家庭暴力的立法、实践及其启示

英国反家庭暴力立法及司法制度在防控家庭暴力违法犯罪方面起着重要作用。我们应当借鉴英国有关惩治家庭暴力的法律改革与实践经验,尽快制定我国的《家庭暴力防治法》及具体实施办法,建立完备的社会支持系统,推进适合中国国情的反家庭暴力法律机制的改革与完善。     

论反家庭暴力的立法缺失

本文作者认为,鉴于现代人权理论和婚姻家庭关系的特点,我国法律有关家庭暴力的主体范围有待扩大,不应局限于法律婚家庭的范围,而应扩大至事实婚家庭乃至所有的同居家庭.精神暴力应成为独立的一类家庭暴力,但其伤害后果的认定应由法律作出明确的规定;鉴于相当多的家庭暴力因伤害程度达不到<刑法>和<治安管理处罚条例>规定的标准而得不到制止和处理,作者提出对于非犯罪性的家庭暴力,其身体伤害程度的认定可以根据是否存在抓痕、红肿、淤伤等来判断;也不应孤立地看待某一暴力行为,而应关联地看待不同的暴力行为所导致的相互增强危害性的效果.至于法律救济,作者主张对现行司法解释进行修正,允许婚内赔偿,由法律为当事人提供可待赔偿财产.此外,救济方式的丰富和细化也应在法律修订的考试范围之内.     

我国反家庭暴力的立法研究

家庭暴力破坏家庭的和谐与稳定,已经成为社会的公害。从分析家庭暴力的概念和成因入手,通过对中国立法现状和外国立法经验的总结,从立法、司法层面提出了构建我国未来的家庭暴力防治法的建议。     

关于我国反家庭暴力立法的建议

“李阳家暴”事件再次让家庭暴力成为大众讨论的热点,从法律的角度如何更好地解决家庭暴力问题,学术界已经有多年的研究探索.我国的《反家庭暴力法》立法已处于研究论证阶段,本文将从现行法律难以解决家庭暴力的原因分析入手,探讨家庭暴力的救济措施,提出关于家庭暴力立法的建议.     

反家庭暴力将立法

“疯狂英语”创始人李阳的美籍妻子遭打、女演员白静因家庭纠纷被丈夫残忍杀害、北京女子董珊珊新婚不久被殴致死……近年来,类似可被贴上“家庭暴力”标签的“家事案”频现报端。但或许不久后,这些“家事”将有专门的法律来“管”。日前,全国妇联表示,一部专门针对此问题的《反家庭暴力法》箭在弦上。     

关于我国反家庭暴力立法的思考

家庭暴力是一个全球性的问题,之所以受到特别关注,是因为它不仅是一个突出的社会问题,也是一个法律问题,而且极大的危害了社会治安、家庭稳定以及妇女儿童的身心健康。本文认为立法干预是对家庭暴力的主要防治途径之一,因此有必要探讨其现状与完善。     

反家庭暴力法的立法整合与趋势

中国反家庭暴力立法历经15年的变迁,主体范围不断扩大,暴力类型也日趋多样。反家庭暴力的＂去家庭化＂基本理念已逐步确立,救济手段也从当初的单一化、抽象化向多元化、具体化发展。并初步形成了全国性立法与地方性立法互动的基本格局,为我国制定统一的反家庭暴力法提供了观念基础和制度框架,制定全国性的反家庭暴力法条件已经成熟。     

对254起家庭暴力案件的分析——关于我省反家庭暴力地方性法规的立法思考

通过对湖南省家庭暴力情况的一次广泛调查 ,并对 2 54起典型家庭暴力案例予以重点剖析 ,分析了家庭暴力呈现出的特点和产生原因 ,从家庭暴力带来的严重后果、国际立法的实践、我国现有反家庭暴力法制状况三方面提出了制定反家庭暴力地方性法规的必要性及其重要意义。     

我国反家庭暴力的立法缺失与完善

家庭暴力破坏家庭的和谐与稳定,已经成为社会的公害。本文从分析我国反家庭暴力的立法现状入手,提出我国在反家庭暴力立法方面的不足,进而从立法、司法层面提出了构建我国未来的家庭暴力防治法的建议。     

论我国反家庭暴力立法的完善

家庭暴力的发生不仅给受害者造成难以恢复的伤害,也给受害者的家庭、社会的稳定造成了极大危害.本文立足于当前我国家庭暴力的立法现状,剖析其导致的根源和反家庭暴力立法的理论和现实基础,进而总结我国反家庭暴力立法的工作和努力,提出现存问题,并对完善的相关工作提出具体建议.     

社会性别主流化理念与我国反家暴立法

社会性别主流化是联合国推动性别平等、性别公正的主要战略,强调国家立法和政府决策应遵循社会性别平等理念;社会性别主流化追求"性别平等"是对传统"男女平等"的提升,是男女平等的实现保障;社会性别主流化理念在我国反家暴立法中已有初步尝试,并面临诸多障碍;应继续坚持社会性别主流化理念,立足社会性别平等立场,检视现行反家暴法律规范,正视女性的弱势地位,推动我国反家暴立法进程。     

The Distinctive Characteristics and Needs of Domestic Violence Victims in a Native American Community

The objectives of the research described in this paper were to describe specific features of Native American domestic violence (DV), and identify the needs and barriers to service delivery for American Indians experiencing DV. Qualitative methods of data collection were used in this research. The results suggest that DV in Native American communities may be distinct in a number of ways. The cause of Native American DV may be anchored in historic trauma, poverty, alcohol and drugs, and rural isolation. Cultural and economic features of Native American DV are discussed. The complexity of DV in the Native American community, its association with a number of co-morbid problems, suggests a multi-modal intervention approach and collaboration among a variety of professionals.     

Domestic Violence Victims Support Mandatory Reporting: For Others

Five states now have mandatory reporting laws when a victim of domestic violence is identified in a clinical setting, and many other states are considering such legislation. Advocates for battered women have frequently warned that abused women may not wish mandatory reporting laws. Published data derived from the opinions, wishes, and beliefs of women victims of domestic violence have been noticeably lacking. This study presents a preliminary study of 45 abused women. Results indicate that women victims overwhelmingly support mandatory reporting laws. In an apparent paradox, however, they were much less certain that mandatory reporting would have been helpful to them in their specific case.     

Comparing Women and Men Arrested for Domestic Violence: A Preliminary Report

This study uses criminal justice data to compare women and men arrested for domestic violence on their levels of violence, reported victimization, general criminality, and substance abuse. Participants were 45 women and 45 men convicted of domestic violence between 1996 and 1998. Results indicate that women were less likely than men to have a history of domestic violence offenses and nonviolent crimes. They were also more likely to report that they had been injured or victimized by their partner at the time of their arrest. However, in other ways, women and men were similar: they were equally likely to have used severe violence and inflicted severe injuries on their victims; to have previously committed violence against nonintimates; and to have been using drugs or alcohol at the time of their arrest. The implications for treatment for women arrested for domestic violence are discussed.     

Stalking in the Context of Domestic Violence

Abstract

This article examines the effect of criminal justice intervention in domestic violence on stalking in that relationship. Almost two hundred female victims of misdemeanor domestic violence in three jurisdictions were interviewed three times after their cases had closed. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a subsample of 21 victims who had experience with stalking. Specific court outcomes in domestic violence cases and whether or not the victim cooperated with the prosecution do not impact whether or not a domestic violence victim experiences subsequent stalking. Women who experienced stalking in addition to domestic violence were more likely to use the system in the future than women who just experienced domestic violence. The qualitative interviews revealed additional findings regarding victims' opinions of the criminal justice response to stalking in the context of domestic violence.     

Toward a Feminist State: What Does ‘Effective’ Prosecution of Domestic Violence Mean?

This article examines domestic violence criminal prosecutions and addresses what 'effective' prosecutorial action means in such cases. The argument elaborates on a point recently articulated by the UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, which links effective prosecution of violence against women to the creation of a less patriarchal society. The article concludes that 'effective' prosecution of domestic violence means prosecution which constitutes the State as less patriarchal ceteris paribus .     

Women's Accounts of Domestic Violence

Abstract

Critiques of behavioral inventories, qualitative studies of battered women's experiences, and communications research all suggest that women's accounts of violence contain information and a more complex structure than is captured by checklist measures that focus on types of abuse. We conducted a quantitative thematic analysis of 162 women's accounts of domestic violence to assess structure and content. Most women presented domestic violence as a “story” with an introduction, body and a conclusion: 59% presented a “complete story” and 33% a “near story.” Background information and problem statements were the most prevalent content statements in the “introduction,” and relationship issues and explanations were most common in the “conclusion.” Bivariate analyses revealed that accounts did not vary by socio-demographic factors and severity of the incident. Men were less likely to present complete stories, had far briefer narratives, and never discussed relationship issues. Knowledge of the structure and content of women's accounts provides greater understanding of women's responses to violence.     

The Influence of Legal Reform on the Probability of Arrest in Domestic Violence Cases

Using domestic violence incidence and arrest data from Maryland (1991–1997), this research examines whether the proportion of incidents that result in arrest increased due to a legislative initiative implemented in 1994 and, if so, whether this change is uniform across different types of offenders (race and gender) and offense characteristics. Using interrupted time‐series analysis (ARIMA), we observe an increase in both the number of incidents reported to police and the percent of reported cases resulting in arrest. The legislative intervention has a significant positive impact on arrest likelihood above and beyond the increase over time for the state as a whole. While arrest probabilities increased across the board for males and females, African American and Whites, the ARIMA models do not suggest that the legislation differentially impacted arrest probabilities for these groups.     

A Comparison of Men and Women Arrested for Domestic Violence: Who Presents the Greater Threat?

Recent increases in the number of women arrested for domestic violence raise important questions about implementation of proarrest policies, equivalency of intimate partner aggression across genders, and management of female domestic violence offenders. This study compares demographic characteristics, criminal history variables, and the past domestic violence history of men (n = 5,578) and women (n = 1,126) arrested for domestic assault against a heterosexual intimate partner. Using victim reported information and data collected by local criminal justice agencies, we found that female arrestees were significantly less likely than males to have histories that warrant concern regarding the potential for future violence. Implications of these findings are discussed.