马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中异化劳动理论的具体规定

异化是德国古典哲学术语,指主体在一定的发展阶段,分裂出它的对立面,变成外在的异己的力量。马克思首先用"异化"概念来说明人与劳动的关系,进而深入到对人与人的社会关系的分析。在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思从国民经济学的各个前提以及当前的经济事实出发,提出异化劳动理论。异化劳动理论的内容即异化劳动理论的四个规定:劳动者的劳动同他的劳动产品相异化;劳动者同他的劳动活动相异化;劳动者同他的类本质相异化;人同人相异化。这四个规定对于我们研究与批判资本主义社会,发展社会主义有借鉴意义。     

马克思主义异化理论视域下教育异化问题研究

马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中提出了异化劳动的概念,并对于异化劳动进行了深刻的阐述。随着社会的发展和变迁,教育异化问题也随之产生,使得教育的本质和目的发生了变化。在分析教育异化产生的根源基础上,以马克思主义异化理论为指导,通过消除物对人的统治,确立合理的主客体关系和认识教育的价值来对教育异化进行扬弃。     

马克思早期对异化概念的理解和使用

近几年来,异化概念鼓噪一时,甚至还有人主张社会主义制度也有异化。为此,我们有必要对马克思在早期著作中理解和使用异化概念的过程作一番考查分析,看看马克思究竟是怎样理解和使用异化概念的,马克思是     

对象化、异化与人的发展

在马克思的新哲学思想形成的历程中，（1844年经济学哲学手稿》具有重要的转折意义。“异化”在《手稿》中频频出现是一个十分重要的概念。马克思的异化劳动理论，是对前人的扬弃与发展，在《手稿》中以及之后的思想中都具有重要的分量。人们往往从否定的角度看待异化以及异化劳动，而对包含于异化中的对象化以及异化对于发展的作用并没有予以必要的关注与重视，当我们全面地辩证地分析对象化、异化与人的发展的关系时，具有非常重要的理论意义和现实意义。     

异化之异化论的三重哲学构图

异化之异化论的构图是以马克思<1844年经济学哲学手稿>中的异化理论为基始、在同一概念范畴内建构的三重各有特定语境的哲学图示,在每一重特定语境中对"异化"进行特定的理论建构和思辨解读.     

马克思主义视域下“公权异化”概念的辩证解析

"公权异化"是人类社会发展的特有现象,对其进行辩证唯物哲学层面的研究,具有极大的认识论意义。而要深入研究"公权异化"问题,首要的是对"公权异化"概念进行正确的理解。在进行大量的文献研究后,试求在马克思主义视域下,对"公权异化"的概念做出辩证解析。     

对“阴阳”、“矛盾”的逻辑辨析

"阴阳"、"矛盾"这两个中国古已有之的概念,常常互相替代、互相诠释。从逻辑角度辨析,两者是从属关系。哲学宜用"阴阳",逻辑宜用"矛盾"。全用"矛盾",哲学易生只有对抗无统一的误会。建议各就各位。     

马克思"异化理论"对现代主体发展的意义

＂异化理论＂是马克思在《1884年经济学——哲学手稿》（以下称为《手稿》）中所阐释的主要观点,在《手稿》中,他借助于对政治经济学的研究,从黑格尔的＂绝对精神的异化＂和费尔巴哈的＂宗教的异化＂中引申出自己的＂异化观＂,并在此基础上总结了＂人的本质＂,提出了＂人的解放＂的观点。本文将马克思的＂异化＂理论中＂人的本质＂思想与其＂主体＂的学说相联系,并结合现代社会中的人的存在状态和境遇来说明马克思的＂异化＂理论对现代人发展的意义。     

异化：马克思对现代性的本质认识

现代性植根于中世纪以来的社会变革和思想运动，其概念具有诸多内涵。马克思以实践为基础批判性地揭示出异化与现代性的本质同一性，进而指出，作为历史主体的无产阶级，既是异化的主体，也是扬弃异化的力量。     

浅析马克思《手稿》中工人阶级审美异化的原因

马克思早期著作《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中对工人在异化劳动中产生的物的异化和自我异化进行了细致的分析。从美学视角出发,工人阶级物质实践的异化而导致的审美主体的异化与审美对象的异化必将导致工人阶级审美实践的异化。本文在私有制这一导致异化劳动根源的基础上,进一步讨论了工人阶级审美异化的直接原因,也就是异化了的审美范式的固化。而这种固化了的异化审美范式又会使得审美主体陷入审美异化的漩涡之中甚至忽略了这种异化。从工人阶级的审美异化现象出发,我们不难发现马克思异化理论的逻辑近路即私有制是工人阶级劳动异化的根本原因,而物质实践的异化又是造成审美实践异化的根本原因。     

Urbanization and voter turnout in Korea: An update

In this paper we develop an econometric model to test whether alienation and/or mobilized voting explain urban-rural turnout in Korea. We find that a person's decision to vote is influenced by the act of mobilization and that it affects rural residents more strongly. But we do not find that the feeling of alienation affects a person's decision to vote. Thus, we find support for the mobilized voting hypothesis, but not for the alienation nonvoting hypothesis.     

Measuring Political Competence: An Analysis with Reference to the Gender Gap*

Political alienation has been an important concept in theories of participation and democratic policies. Subjective political competence (‘internal political efficacy’) is considered to be a main element within the broader concept of political alienation, and an important determinant of political participation. The main purpose of this article is to test statistically the assumption of similarity in model structure for men and women, i. e. the relation between political competence and voting turnout. Our findings, generated on the basis of a common survey questionnaire item, show that subjective competence has different significance for men and women. For men, it has an expected substantive meaning. For women, it seems to be irrelevant with respect to expected sources and consequences. Given this apparent incomparability in measurement, we conclude that it is inappropriate to use identical models for men and women. It is also argued that political competence should be conceived of as containing a cognitive element, ‘objective political competence’. Empirical analysis shows that this concept is gender neutral with respect to political involvement.     

北京物联网建设和发展现状的调查与思考

物联网被很多国家当作应对国际金融危机、振兴经济的重点领域。我国也将物联网产业纳入到国家战略性新兴产业范围,并加大了物联网研发和建设的力度。本文通过调查研究当前北京物联网建设和发展的状况,分析研究制约北京物联网发展的因素,提出推进北京物联网建设和发展的相关对策建议。     

Policy Alienation of Public Professionals: The Construct and Its Measurement

Currently, there is an intense debate on the pressures facing public professionals during policy implementation. Frequently, professionals have difficulty identifying with new policies, resulting in diminished policy performance. The author examines this problem using the concept of “policy alienation” and develops and tests a scale for its measurement. Policy alienation is associated conceptually with five subdimensions: strategic powerlessness, tactical powerlessness, operational powerlessness, societal meaninglessness, and client meaninglessness. A policy alienation scale was using a survey of 478 Dutch health care professionals implementing a new financial policy, diagnosis related groups. The resulting 23‐item policy alienation scale demonstrated good psychometric qualities. A reliable and valid policy alienation scale can help in understanding and enhancing policy performance.     

马尔库塞“后技术理性”美学思想刍议

马尔库塞认为,技术的目的并不确定,可以是启蒙以来的压抑和异化,也可以实现一种新理性。对异化的消除也不必回归前技术时代,而可以通过理性自身的潜能把技术引向文明的更高阶段,与本体论意义上"感性"相连接,即所谓的"后技术理性"。     

Patterns of intra-election volatility: the impact of political knowledge*

One key trend changing political environments across advanced industrial democracies is increasing electoral volatility. Despite extensive research, at the individual level we still know relatively little about the mechanisms behind electoral volatility during election campaigns, including the impact of political knowledge. Against this background and based on a four-wave panel study in the context of the 2014 Swedish national election, the purpose of this paper is to investigate (a) patterns of intra-election volatility and the impact of (b) political knowledge on patterns of electoral volatility. Distinguishing between party alienation, crystallization, wavering, reinforcement, and conversion, among other things, findings show some effects from political knowledge on patterns of electoral volatility but only for acquired political knowledge.     

浅谈卢卡奇与马克思的物化理论——《历史与阶级意识》与《1844年经济学哲学手稿》读后

在马克思主义哲学中,物化和异化是个经常的话题。早在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思就提出了物化和异化理论并据此对资本主义社会劳动与人的关系进行了分析和阐述。在《手稿》之后,西方马克思主义理论家卢卡奇秉承马克思的衣钵,在他的《历史与阶级意识》(以下简称《意识》)中再次对物化进行了全面的探讨。但他的物化概念与马克思的物化理论还是有着较大差别的,拟从两人对物化概念的理解、对物化产生根源的论证等四个方面对此进行浅析。     

Ideology and Political Alienation

A substantial literature over the years has focused on the relationship between political alienation and ideology. Much of this research contends that conservatives are more alienated than liberals because philosophically they believe that the best government is that which governs least. A close reading of the literature, however, reveals little consistency in the empirical findings. Survey data from Norway, Sweden, and the United States are used to provide a more extensive and consistent test of the hypothesis. Ideology is defined as both left/right self-identification and policy preference on economic and "new political" issues. The evidence reveals that in Scandinavia higher levels of alienation are found among conservatives, whereas in the US the left has been consistently more alienated, except on "new politics" issues. The discrepancy between the citizen's preferred ideological orientation and that which the public perceives the government to take, is used to explain the different findings for the three countries and the shifts in the relationship between ideology and alienation across time.     

From Fordism to Post-Fordism: Beyond or Back to Alienation?

Abstract

The evidence today is practically uncontested: about thirty years ago we left Fordism behind and entered a new phase of capitalism. That the structures of the post-Fordist social order call for new modes of social critique is also a prevalent idea. The category of alienation continues, however, to be discredited. Nevertheless it is not clear that the categories of democracy (as apparatuses of non-domination), justice and the good life are capable of bringing about the political effects that may be expected today from the concept of alienation. For these reasons, not only the historical diagnostic that appears to have authorized jettisoning the problematic of alienation but also the model of critique used to replace it demand critical scrutiny.     

报表异化对政府公共性的侵蚀

报表是政府运行过程中必不可少的工具之一,但在政府运行的实践中却经常出现报表异化,即报表不能提供真实的信息。这种报表异化现象导致了政府过程极易出现偏离公共性的倾向,形成对政府公共性的侵蚀,原因是政府过程中相关人员的行为以及相关制度的异化。