俄罗斯技术市场走势与中俄技术贸易对策

一、积极改革科技体制　努力培育技术市场1俄罗斯的科研机构正从封闭式、大而全向开放式、高效率发展,以便使科研机制与市场经济相适应尽管当前严重的持续的经济危机使俄罗斯科技潜力面临巨大威胁,然而俄罗斯依然是当今世界屈指可数的科技大国之一。俄罗斯科研机构庞大,科...     

俄科学院西伯利亚分院与中国部分地区科技合作的现状与前景

在当今世界政治经济环境下，对于俄罗斯来说，西方世界的不确定性在加强，提高在亚太地区的政治经济影响力具有特殊意义。组织俄罗斯的科研机构与世界上最具潜力的科技产品市场——中国市场展开合作，发展在高科技领域的互利合作，是促进俄罗斯经济发展和有效开展对外经济联系的重要条件。这要求俄罗斯政府、俄罗斯科学院和一些大公司作出一系列原则性的决定。     

俄罗斯科技体制改革与战略

普京高度重视科技发展 ,积极改革科技管理体制、科技拨款办法和科研组织机构 ;实施优先发展重点领域、促进科技与经济有机结合、鼓励科技创新的发展战略 ,希冀俄罗斯重居“科技大国”地位。同时 ,对科研机构采取优惠政策 ,对科技人才实施激励机制 ,以抑止本国科研水平的进一步下滑 ,为经济复兴提供技术支撑。     

中俄区域技术合作升级模式的逻辑论证

中国东北与俄罗斯科技合作升级模式的总体框架是从国际技术贸易和产业集群理论出发,以中国东北与俄罗斯科技合作为主线、以产业为平台,以政府、大学、专家和企业等科研机构为科技合作主体,通过技术互换、技术互补和技术贸易三种科技合作方式的自动、互动的内在逻辑轨迹,实现技术合作的不断升级,促进产业形态的不断发展,推进产业结构层次的不断提高,最终实现以技术贸易为先导的产业合作,推进中俄区域合作向更高层次发展。     

2010年俄罗斯东欧中亚与世界高层论坛综述

2010年12月21日，第31届国际问题论坛暨俄罗斯东欧中亚与世界高层论坛在北京举行。论坛由中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所主办，来自全国20多所科研机构与高等院校的80余名专家学者参加了会议，对2010年俄罗斯、中亚和东欧地区在政治、经济、外交、安全和文化等领域中的发展状况进行了探讨。现将讨论的有关问题综述如下。     

俄罗斯科技形势浅析

苏联解体后，俄罗斯继承了这个昔日强国的主要科技实力。然而，持续几年的政治动荡和经济滑坡使得俄罗斯科技饱尝了生存和发展的艰辛。首先，经费短缺是困扰俄罗斯科技部门的一大难题。由于财力不足，国家预算拨款不断减少。1992年政府科技拨款大约占国民总产值的0．78％，1993     

浅议吉林省对俄科技合作

俄罗斯是世界科技大国，具有科技质量好，引进价格低，而且不具有以技术带商品销售为输出技术的附加条件的特点。吉林省具有对俄罗斯科技合作的区位优势、人才语言优势和科技基础优势，加强吉林省对俄罗斯的科技合作，正确认识和了解在合作中存在的问题，转变观念，强化管理，确保企业的主体地位，开辟对俄科技合作的多种渠道，将会推动吉林省科技的快速发展。     

俄罗斯国立社会大学的国际合作计划

俄罗斯联邦教育发展的战略任务已完全融入世界教育体系的进程中。以各种方式开展各种形式的国际合作是俄罗斯国立社会大学教育和科研活动的重要组成部分。俄罗斯教育事业面临的共同战略任务，以及俄罗斯国立社会大学作为一个有竞争力的创新科研机构对国际合作所给予的重视程度，使这所大学进一步扩大和加强国际合作的活动更具现实意义。     

“俄罗斯社会发展：历史与现实”国际学术会议召开

2008年9月13-16日，备受瞩目的“俄罗斯社会发展：历史与现实”暨纪念《瑷珲条约》150周年国际学术会议在黑龙江省口岸城市黑河召开。此次大会由中国苏联东欧史研究会主办，黑龙江省社会科学院、黑河市社科联协办。共八十余名专家学者参加了本次大会，他们分别来自国内科研机构和高等院校及俄罗斯阿穆尔国立大学。     

教育部“俄罗斯问题”高级研讨班综述

11月7-11日，“转型中俄罗斯与冷战后国际社会的变迁”高级研讨班在华东师范大学举行。这次专题性的高研班由教育部人文社会科学研究基地——华东师大俄罗斯研究中心主办，来自全国十几所科研机构、高校及本校青年教师和相关专业博士生近50人参加了此次学术活动。高研班由中心副主任李宏图教授主持，中心主任冯绍雷教授出席会议并作了专题报告。     

俄罗斯科技走势与中俄科技合作

转型时期俄罗斯科技形势发生了重大变化。科研体制从封闭式、大而全向开放式、高效率发展 ,科技立法逐步趋于完善 ,开发研究和应用研究初露倪端 ,加强了技术贸易 ,科研队伍也逐步稳定。纵观中俄两国在经济增长、结构调整方向上的异同 ,可以看到 ,两国除资源结构互补性、一般商品贸易互补性之外 ,科学技术结构也具有很强的互补性 ,进一步开拓这一方面的潜力 ,是摆在两国政府和工商界面前的极为重要的任务。     

Russia and the USA: The virtual games of superpowers

An analysis of the rapid and dramatic changes in the politics and economics of the world during the twentieth century reveals that the role of science and high technology becomes extremely important for international development, security and cooperation. The consequences of fundamental research become critical for mankind, and they determine and define preventive security. International scientific and technological cooperation, coupled with the financial power of the dollar, will make it possible to avoid an ‘end of history’ or a ‘clash of civilizations’, as well as to resolve many world conflicts. The importance that science and technology hold for the future of humanity must be added to the current definition of ‘democracy’.     

The Promise and Peril of Automated Negotiators

Innovations in artificial intelligence are enabling a new class of applications that can negotiate with people through chat or spoken language. Developed in close collaboration with behavioral science research, these algorithms can detect, mimic, and leverage human psychology, enabling them to undertake such functions as the detection of common mistakes made by novice negotiators. These algorithms can simulate the cognitive processes that shape human negotiations and make use of these models to influence negotiated outcomes. This article reviews some of the scientific advances enabling this technology and discusses how it is being used to advance negotiation research, teaching, and practice.     

东北亚地区科技合作的路径选择——以大连与日、韩、俄科技合作为研究视角

东北亚地区科技实力较强，区域内各国科技优势互补，各有所长，各有所需，各国政府都十分重视国际科技合作。近年来，为了提升科技产业国际化水平，大连不断加强与东北亚地区的科技合作。大连与东北亚地区的科技合作具有十分重要的战略地位。因此，应抓住机遇，大力推进大连与东北亚地区科技合作的创新升级。     

香港科技创新与发展的驱动力分析和启示——基于对香港创新及科技基金的研究

香港创新及科技基金总体上包含四个计划:创新及科技支援计划、一般支持计划、大学与产业合作计划、小型企业研究资助计划。香港特区政府通过这些计划调动一切可以调动的科研力量,针对有经济效益预期的前沿科技项目,资助了百亿计的项目资金,培育了科技创新的可持续发展能力,有力驱动了香港经济的快速发展,同时也为国家的科技创新事业提供了经验启示。     

哈尔滨市创建中俄合作示范城市对策研究

将哈尔滨市建设成中俄全面合作示范城市,是实施对俄经贸科技合作战略升级的集中体现。哈尔滨市已具备成为这种示范城市的基础条件,但也存在一些亟待解决的问题。建议在以下几方面着力打造:对俄出口商品生产基地、对俄科技合作研发基地、对俄旅游集散中心、对俄劳务培训基地和输出平台以及对俄金融合作、信息服务、文化交流合作中心。     

Science,security and spies

Abstract

The national research and development (R&D) base has in the post-cold war era gained increased importance in order to fill new security demands. There is a broadening of the search for security relevant science and technology involving more organizations and interests, scientific disciplines and nations. The question discussed in this article is if the premises of international, free and open R&D will be(come) compromised? Will we see more scientists, in their normal scientific activities, being accused of spying? The article suggests that such risks are not unrealistic to expect. Spy cases in less democratic countries could have consequences for scientists also in other countries. Outcomes depend on, among other things, the relative strengths of academic freedom and a political Identification Friend and Foe (IFF) component. United Nations and European Union resolutions restricting science education for students from Iran and North Korea in an attempt to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons illustrate a strong IFF component. Difficulties with regard to the implementation of these resolutions and other findings are presented in the final section of the article.     

Of clocks ticking: Heterotopic space,time and motion in William Kentridge’s The Refusal of Time (2012)

In William Kentridge’s The refusal of time (2012), comment on time as both a scientific and a human entity is produced. A complex mix of the visual and nominal vocabularies of early ‘rudimentary’ technological invention, scientific experimentation and contemporary digital language characterises the artwork. Conceptually, the structural, technological and visual components of the work predominantly articulate figure tropes of space, time and motion. The work is explored through the lens of heterotopia as articulated by French philosopher michel Foucault, with special attention to the artist’s articulation of space, time and motion. the construal proceeds through the investigation of the visual metaphors implied by the organisation of space; the depiction of movement; time ticking; the allusion to human beings’ fascination with invention; science and technology; and the products thereof, especially the creation of automatons. interpreting the work as representing heterotopic temporality in space, it is argued that such heterotopic entities defy clock time as stringent ‘regular’ time. an examination is conducted of the meta-narratives on science and technology alluded to in The refusal of time, including mention of the early development of automatons; modernistic French thought; advancements in physics around 1900; and postmodern takes on science and technology.     

俄罗斯的科技资源及对外科技合作政策研究

俄罗斯科技资源丰富,拥有数目庞大的高素质科研人员队伍,并在众多科技领域保持着世界领先的地位。世界各国对俄罗斯的科技资源都非常重视,通过给予优厚报酬、提供良好科研条件等种种方式,吸引俄罗斯科技人员到本国工作。俄罗斯的科技优势主要表现在基础研究与高新技术领域,在军工与航天技术方面,处于世界领先地位,近几年在医药与生物技术以及民用技术等方面都有很大发展。研究俄罗斯的科技资源及对外科技合作政策对于加强中俄之间的科技合作与发展意义重大。     

Churnalism and Hype in Science Communication: Comparing University Press Releases and Journalistic Articles in South Africa

Abstract

Against the background of a fast-changing media environment and increasing competition in the science arena, we explored how media outlets use science- based press releases issued by research-intensive universities in South Africa. We compared 40 science-related media articles to related institutional press releases. We found that most press releases are re-published with minimal journalistic input and no crediting of the original source, with indications of hype present in a third of the media articles. This could be a reason for concern because press releases issued by research institutions are written to serve the interests of the institution and not to reflect on science. When media outlets re- publish these press releases without editorial input, it means that the critical or investigative role of the media is lost. Given concerns about the long-term implications of churnalism and hype in science media coverage, we ask whether PR-driven communication of science, as practiced by university media offices, among others, serves the long-term interests of science and society. We suggest that universities should consider the options and benefits of moving towards a new science communication paradigm focused less on reputation-building and more on constructive public engagement and helpful dialogue with society.