《当代世界经济政治与国际关系》课程建设刍议

《当代世界经济政治与国际关系》是师范类院校思想政治教育专业的专业必修课程之一,承担着对大学生进行政治理论教育、知识教育以及价值观教育的任务。要圆满地实现该课程的育人目标,就应从正确认识课程的性质与功能、建构合理的课程教学内容体系、采用多元化的教学方法、建立科学灵活的考核体系等方面不断提高课程建设水平。     

课程建设视角下社会学应用型人才培养研究

存在分层的高校社会学专业,课程建设尚却存在设置同质、培养趋同的问题。学科本位的社会学课程建设,遮掩了其应用本色。教学研究型及教学型高校的社会学专业需要通过相关的课程改革,从学科本位回归到能力本位的应用型人才培养。     

民办本科院校市场营销专业人才培养探析

用人单位在增加市场营销专业人才需求数量的同时,对毕业生的素质能力提出了更高的要求。目前,许多民办本科院校市场营销专业建设存在教育教学观念滞后、培养目标模糊、课程设置不合理、实践教学缺失等影响人才培养质量的因素。民办本科院校市场营销人才培养应以就业为导向,树立应用型人才培养目标,不断完善教学体系、课程建设体系和实践教学体系,以培养市场所需求的营销人才。     

交通运输警务专业的逻辑起点及三维课程体系构建

交通运输警务专业是基于警察职业需求而形成的特定专业,其存在与发展的逻辑起点在于围绕"综合交通运输体的秩序与效益"建构的差异化特色课程体系。从学科专业意义上说,交通运输警务专业课程体系的架构,应有时间维、逻辑维、知识维三个维度。其中,时间维(纵向课程体系)对应专业建设中人才培养阶段及时间需求,比如学历层次上的课程体系、职业培训层次上的课程体系;逻辑维(横向课程体系)对应专业建设中人才培养目标及内容,比如理论课程体系、实践活动课程体系;知识维对应专业建设中课程组织过程应遵循的组织模式与方法,比如工程技术、管理学、社会科学等的课程教学方法、教学手段等。只有解决并实现这三个维度的特色课程体系建设,交通运输警务专业才能立足于学科体系并获得良性发展。     

构建农村区域发展专业会计课实践教学体系——以西藏大学农牧学院为例

西藏农村区域发展专业的会计基础课程实践教学是理论联系实际,提高学生会计知识基本操作技能,增强学生就业能力的一门学科。本文通过对目前西藏农村区域发展专业会计基础课程实践教学体系存在的问题进行分析,提出了创新会计基础课程实践教材的内容和实践项目、构建对会计基础理论知识、单项实践项目和综合实践项目认知的实践认知体系和构建课堂实训、基本技能实训、专业技能训练的实践操作体系等思路。     

我国犯罪学专业课程体系的现状与完善

科学、完善的课程体系是实现专业培养目标的主要手段。西方国家的一些大学的犯罪学专业课程体系已经基本成熟,而我国还处于探讨阶段。目前我国犯罪学专业的课程体系建设存在课程设置和学时分配不合理、法律课程缺位且学时较少,教学方法单一、研讨式教学和实践教学不足,课程内容更新不够及时等不足。应结合我国实际并在借鉴国外成功经验的基础上,有针对性地及时完善我国的犯罪学专业课程体系。     

新课标下中师课程教学体系的革新——以《中国现当代文学史》课程为例

中文师范专业《中国现当代文学史》课程应紧扣中学语文新课标,从教学目标、教学内容与教学方法和课程评价体系三个方面进行革新,以构建良性发展的新课标下的中文师范专业《中国现当代文学史》课程教学体系,切实提升中文师范生的人文素养。     

高职院校教师专业能力建设研究

当前经济社会的发展推动了我国高等职业教育迅猛发展,同时对现代职业教育也提出了更高的要求,而高职院校教师专业能力建设存在问题也日益突出。通过对高职院校教师专业能力的现状分析,提出对策如下:制定和完善高职院校教师专业化制度;构建一体化的校本培训体系;加强校企深度融合,提高教师专业与岗位实践能力;培养创新意识,提高课程开发和科研能力;推进信息化教学,提高教师运用现代教育技术能力。     

以就业为导向的专业课程教学模式改革与创新——以惠州卫生学校助产专业为例

以往传统的课程教学模式是追求各学科各自理论体系的完整性,理论与实践的相分离,使学生难以理解和掌握本专业活动的完整过程和各项要求,学生的职业素养不能获得切实训练和有效提高。针对此现象以助产专业为例进行了比较深入研究和分析。探索出一个“以就业为导向专业课程教学模式改革与创新”的方法,通过从临床工作过程到课程、从课程到教学过程设置,开发配套的教学文件,建设一体化的教学环境,改革教学方法及建立课程监测和学生学习评价体系,在课堂教学、教学实验及临床实践中取得了良好的效果,使学生具有综合职业能力,提高学生对口就业率,     

高等职业院校商务日语专业人才培养模式探究——以南通农业职业技术学院为例

要想使商务日语专业学生受到更多用人单位的青睐,就业岗位完全对口,我们需要制定合理的人才培养方案,构建行业特色课程,创建多位实践教学,完善人才培养质量考核体系,加强实训基地建设。     

Book Reviews

Book reviews in this article:
Authority and Change: The Sources of Economic Growth. By JUDITH MARQUAND.
The Centralization-Decentralization Conundrum: Organization and Management in the Canadian Government. By PETER AUCOIN and HERMAN BAKVIS.
Between Profit and State: Intermediate Organization in Britain and the United States. By ALAN WARE.
In Pursuit of National Interests: Australian Foreign Policy in the 1990s. Edited by F. A. MEDIANSKY AND A. C. PALFREEMAN.
Comparative Policy Research — Learning from Experience . Edited by MEINOLF DIERKES, HANS N. WEILER AND ARIANE BERTHOIN ANTAL.
Political Economy of Economic Policy. By WILFRED L. DAVID.
Innovation Through Technical and Scientific Information: Government and Industry Cooperation. By STEVEN BALLARD, THOMAS E. JAMES, JR., TIMOTHY I. ADAMS, MICHAEL D. DEVINE, LANI L. MALYSA, AND MARK MEO.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Alan Fenna, Introduction to Australian Public Policy
Jonathan Boston et al. , Public Management: The New Zealand Model
Bryan Horrigan (ed.), Government Law and Policy – Commercial Aspects
Robert Hyslop, An Australian Memoir: A Very Civil Servant
Robert Reich, Locked in the Cabinet
Delmer Dunn, Politics and Administration at the Top: Lessons from Down Under
Robert McChesney et al. , Capitalism and the Information Age     

Managing contract performance: A transaction costs approach

Managing contracts is a complex process, often exacerbated by high transaction costs inherent in negotiating, implementing, and monitoring contract relationships with vendors. Through analyses of data from a 1997 International City/County Management Association survey of municipal and county governments, the way in which municipal and county governments respond to transaction cost factors inherent in contract service delivery is examined. The results of the analyses demonstrate that when governments contract for services in contexts that risk contract failure, they engage in a variety of monitoring techniques to improve their ability to monitor and correct vendor performance. © 2003 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.     

The New Public Service: Serving Rather than Steering

The New Public Management has championed a vision of public managers as the entrepreneurs of a new, leaner, and increasingly privatized government, emulating not only the practices but also the values of business. Proponents of the New Public Management have developed their arguments largely through contrasts with the old public administration. In this comparison, the New Public Management will, of course, always win. We argue here that the better contrast is with what we call the "New Public Service," a movement built on work in democratic citizenship, community and civil society, and organizational humanism and discourse theory. We suggest seven principles of the New Public Service, most notably that the primary role of the public servant is to help citizens articulate and meet their shared interests rather than to attempt to control or steer society.     

Because coconuts do not grow in Canberra: Complexity theory and capacity development in Solomon Islands Police Force

Statebuilding has been informed and captured by reductionist, linear change models. Defined by technocratic approaches to public sector (re)building and reform—it has been monitored, measured and evaluated by New Public Management artefacts such as log‐frames and Results‐Based Management. Through a case study on the capacity development of the Royal Solomon Islands Police Force, I explore the possibilities for using complexity theory to better understand, manage, and monitor capacity development interventions. The analysis of interview data with police practitioners from both sides of the intervention—advisors and local counterparts—reveals the explanatory power of complexity concepts (such as interconnectedness, emergence, initial conditions, and non‐linear change) in ways that could inform a rethink of how we frame public sector capacity building interventions.     

在细小处把握 筑牢廉政之基

加强监督永远是防止腐败最有效的方式之一,缺失监督必然导致腐败,建立健全全方位的监督体系,完善安全生产执法监管权力制衡和群众参与的监督制约机制,防止权力滥用,做到见微知著,从小事上洞察大问题,不让小瑕疵长成大毒瘤。     

Paradigm Shift in Public Administration: Implications for Teaching in Professional Training Programs

The decline in popularity of New Public Management worldwide reinvigorated the search for a new paradigm in the field of public administration. Several alternatives to New Public Management, such as the New Governance and Public Value paradigms, have gained prominence in recent years. Despite tensions among these paradigms, exceptional challenges for public administration teaching programs exist. Xun Wu and Jingwei He of the National University of Singapore compiled data on public administration and management courses from 48 top master of public administration degree programs in China and the United States. This essay analyzes how competing paradigms influenced the selection of course content and pedagogical foci in professional training curricula. The authors conclude that in order to take advantage of an unprecedented opportunity provided by the rapid, global expansion of professional education in public administration, there is an urgent need to find a synthesized theoretical framework .     

Do experimental and nonexperimental evaluations give different answers about the effectiveness of government‐funded training programs?

This paper uses meta‐analysis to investigate whether random assignment (or experimental) evaluations of voluntary government‐funded training programs for the disadvantaged have produced different conclusions than nonexperimental evaluations. Information includes several hundred estimates from 31 evaluations of 15 programs that operated between 1964 and 1998. The results suggest that experimental and nonexperimental evaluations yield similar conclusions about the effectiveness of training programs, but that estimates of average effects for youth and possibly men might have been larger in experimental studies. The results also suggest that variation among nonexprimental estimates of program effects is similar to variation among experimental estimates for men and youth, but not for women (for whom it seems to be larger), although small sample sizes make the estimated differences somewhat imprecise for all three groups. The policy implications of the findings are discussed. © 2006 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management     

The New Managerialism and the Policy Influence of Consultants in Government: An Historical–Institutionalist Analysis of Britain, Canada and France

Following the rise of the New Public Management (NPM) in the 1980s, policymakers increasingly mobilized management consultants from the private sector in the course of reforming their bureaucracies. To describe this situation some coined the term "consultocracy," assuming that the emergence of the NPM created a growing demand for business management expertise in government circles that allowed consultants to penetrate the state and become powerful policy actors. Rather than taking these matters as given, I ask how has it been possible for consultants to become (or not) influential players in the process of administrative reform. It is argued that Britain, and to a lesser extent Canada, have been more likely than France to give rise to a "consultocracy" when implementing NPM reforms in the 1980s because in these two countries, management consultancy emerged earlier and is more strongly developed than in France because of its historical link with accountancy. Whereas French consultants only began to enter public administration in the 1980s, British and Canadian consultants have been involved in the last 30 years in the construction of the state's management capacities. Through their participation in these institution-building processes, they established networks of expertise with the state and acquired the experience of work in government. Over the years, this created opportunities for consultants to make their voices heard in the inner circles of decision-making and made possible the exercise of influence that they are now said to have on policy.     

基于公众服务的网上行政审批系统模型研究

中国的电子政务建设刚刚起步,迫切需要各种理论和实践的支持。通过对电子政务重要组成部分———面向公众服务的行政审批系统的分析,从系统和工程的观点提出了可以应用到行政审批系统中的角色互动网络模型,并通过给出的模型建立行政审批系统的应用软件系统框架结构、网络体系结构、建设模式、运行管理模式。网上审批是信息时代对公共管理发展客观需要的现实选择。它的影响不仅在于手段的电子化,更重要的是还会引起管理价值、管理范式、管理权力、管理职能、管理组织、管理主客体等方面的变化。网上审批将通过信息技术与公共管理的有机融合促使公共管理由传统的管制管理向服务管理的转变。