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1.
如果说犯罪是使人不幸之祸害,而刑罚是因此加诸犯罪者身上之祸害,那么,行刑便是施害者。由于犯罪的存在和发生不可避免,因此,刑罚和行刑之害的日渐轻缓便是不二的方向和选择。社区矫正作为中国刑罚执行方式的实践创新,正合于这一趋势。经过十年多的试点之后,在理论和实践及法治建设等方面进行深入的分析和思考,对社区矫正的健康发展十分必要。  相似文献   

2.
城市社区建设是 2 1世纪中国城市现代化的中心议题 ,长江三角洲地区自90年代以来在全国率先迈开了城市社区建设的步伐并取得了明显的成效。本文总结了以上海、南京、杭州等城市为代表的长江三角洲地区社区建设的基本历程和主要经验 ,并就当代城市社区建设的三个突出内容——社区组织与管理的自治化、社区人口与空间范围的合理化以及社区文化的多向度发展进行了理论探索和展望  相似文献   

3.
    
Abstract

The task of therapy in severely personality disordered patients is to transfer all the destructive feelings, which are usually channelled into deliberate self-harm, into the therapeutic relationship, so that they can be contained, understood and mastered. However, it can be very difficult to create a therapeutic relationship where the patient feels secure enough to access horrors from the past, when these very horrors carry so much negative affect that they threaten to destroy the relationship. This paper discusses the problems in maintaining a therapeutic alliance with such patients using anecdotes from the author's work in a therapeutic community. The relevance of psychoanalytical concepts such as envy, hostile dependency, the negative therapeutic reaction, psychopathic transference, idealization and splitting are explained. A case is made for detailed psychodynamic formulations, as an aid to risk management with a particular focus on the interpersonal triggers of suicidal behaviour. The author believes that clinical practice informed by knowledge of attachment theory may enable clinicians to pre-empt life-threatening crises during therapy.  相似文献   

4.
    
Abstract

The responses of institutions to ‘acting out’ in personality disordered individuals may perpetuate such behaviour. Inadvertently, such responses remove the potential for these individuals to learn from experience and to mature psychologically, to individualize. This is because institutions, first and foremost, serve the needs of society. In performing this wider function, they often do not meet, sufficiently, the therapeutic needs of the individual. The result is a stalemate in which both the individual who acts out and the institution continue to suffer.

An awareness of the interaction between the individual and the ‘institution’, and particularly an awareness of the often complementary style of their interaction, victim-victimizer, may empower professionals working in institutions to break the therapeutic stalemate. However, to achieve this requires changes in attitudes and behaviour on the part of staff and some restructuring of the internal organization of their institutions so as to influence both staff-staff and staff-patient relationships. We discuss how some principles of Henderson Hospital's democratic therapeutic community model, which helps to avoid some of the pitfalls which otherwise can lead to therapeutic stalemate, can be translated to institutions which of necessity operate at different levels of security and how they may be applied in non-specialist settings.  相似文献   

5.
王晓琼 《法学论坛》2005,20(5):122-129
司法的终极目的是维护社会利益,促进社会和谐发展.目前,我国社会正处于转型期,司法权能否正当行使,意义重大,司法的理想目标就是法律效果与社会效果的统一.有时候司法处理的问题不一定有很明确的是与非,司法所解决的不过是一种平衡术,要在有限的司法资源与扩展的司法需求和多元的司法评价尺度之间选择有效途径,平衡三者的关系.  相似文献   

6.
《Justice Quarterly》2012,29(1):70-86
Through funding from the national Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Program, the South Carolina Department of Corrections implemented the Correctional Recovery Academy in the Turbeville Medium Security Institution to treat drug‐dependent offenders. The program features a cognitive–behavioral change modality delivered in a modified therapeutic community to first time, non‐violent, drug‐dependent, youthful male offenders. A quasi‐experimental design was employed to specify impact as indicated by recidivism, relapse, and parole revocation. While analyses revealed no statistically significant difference between treatment and control group participants on these outcome measures, implications regarding the efficacy of the treatment modality are ambiguous as implementation failure masked determination of program effects. Drug testing frequency after release, however, was found to be a significant factor precluding failure, contrary to the conventional view that increased testing identifies greater use.  相似文献   

7.
对于广播组织权的客体问题,学界始终在"信号"与"节目"间争论不休.在《著作权法》第三次修订过程中,广播组织权的客体也经历了从一审稿中"载有节目的 信号"到二审稿及最终生效稿"广播、电视"的过程.尽管《著作权法》第三次修订已经完成,但重新审视学界关于"信号说"与"节目说"的观点,对于理解广播组织权客体仍有必要.从历史分析的角度出发探究广播组织权的设立初衷,结合学界对广播组织权客体"节目说"与"信号说"两种观点,在体系解释框架下对广播组织权制度的走向进行展望,以保证法律条款之间的融贯.  相似文献   

8.
在当前改革的关键时期,司法改革的核心是提高司法的公信力,树立司法的权威。我国三轮司法改革的实践证明,司法行政化与司法地方化是影响司法独立和司法公正的两大障碍性因素。如何根据法治的一般理论,遵循法治的基本规律,建构能够解决中国问题的具有中国特色的司法体制与机制,是中央顶层设计和地方实践探索的关键。“上海方案”作为本轮司法改革的先驱者,所探行的“员额制”、责任制、人财物统一管理体制等,彰显了司法改革的顶层设计性、开拓性、试水性、引领性等系列价值。同时,“上海方案”在具体制度的设计与实施中,还需要缜密论证与审慎推行。  相似文献   

9.
民间文学艺术是集体创造物。其权利归属的确定,是民间文学艺术所有者的合法利益的保障,更是促进民间文学艺术在经济社会中实现其经济价值和人文价值,弘扬民族风气,传承民族精神的必需。民间文学艺术权利的归属,存在不同观点。集体族群作为民间文学艺术权利归属具有合理性,集体族群成立的社团组织在实践中具有可操作性,能够促进民间文学艺术的保存与发展。  相似文献   

10.
社区集体经济组织改制目标定位与职能重构之法律研析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
社区集体经济组织源于传统的农村集体经济组织,相关立法虽对其体制、职能等有所表述,但一直未明确其法律性质及地位,故城市化社区集体经济组织转型发展正遭遇目标定位模糊等现实困扰;文章基于立法考证与实践分析,针对社区集体经济组织发展中的突出问题,就其目标定位与职能重构提出相应的法律政策建议。  相似文献   

11.
新中国成立以来,城市社区党组织建设历经探索、形成、发展、提升四个阶段。相较于其他类型基层党组织,城市社区党组织有其自身的特性。新时期,加强社区党组织建设是巩固城市之基的重要内容。应以党支部建设为基础,以加强对党员的教育、管理和监督为重点,以协商议事平台为载体,以共建共治共享为途径,持续提升城市社区党组织的政治领导力、思想引领力、群众组织力、社会号召力。  相似文献   

12.
普遍义务的出现以"二战"后人权国际化和普遍化为背景,是绝对的义务,在国际义务中居于较高层次。普遍义务多为禁止性的义务,以人类社会基本价值和国际社会共同利益作为其承担义务的法理基础。普遍义务反映了国际法价值论的变化。普遍义务应促使我们对国际法体系结构和国际法效力的根据再审视,并重塑国际法中自然法的应有地位,同时也应防止对普遍义务的滥用。  相似文献   

13.
    
Campus law enforcement agencies (CLEs) are critical components of the criminal justice system; thus, how they organize is of special interest. CLEs are thought ideal for community policing, a strategy requiring organizational change, yet little research exists on CLE organizations or their use of community policing. This study examines community policing within CLEs and how it impacts organizational structures. The data were gathered in a national BJS survey of CLEs. Results indicated that community policing was only significantly related to formalization. Contrary to community policing mandates, community policing was related to more written policies. Implications and future research are discussed.  相似文献   

14.
董邦俊  王振 《政法学刊》2007,24(6):10-14
社区矫正的机构构建应当遵循"大本土化"与"小本土化"相结合的路径来进行;社区矫正的队伍包括社区矫正官、专业矫正人员和志愿者三部分,应立足于我国的现状来培育这支队伍;应该建立科学可行的社区矫正工作经费保障制度。  相似文献   

15.
对艺术伪造的理解在德国有广义和狭义之分.广义的艺术伪造包括艺术模仿、艺术篡改和艺术诈骗.狭义的艺术伪造则与广义的艺术伪造中的艺术诈骗是一致的,都与被署名人的作品无关.不过,从德国法律适用的角度看,艺术伪造主要分为两类:一类是与被署名人作品无关的艺术伪造;另一类则是与被署名人作品有关的艺术伪造.对前者的认定不是依据德国著作权法,而是依据其他法律;对后者的认定则是依据德国著作权法,同时德国刑法有关规定对此亦可适用.与我国法相比,德国著作权法更强调以作品存在为前提来保护作者的著作权.另外,对与被署名人作品有关的艺术伪造的规制,德国法律严于我国.  相似文献   

16.
    
This twelve‐year study evaluated the effectiveness of a therapeutic community for young men who had been abused in a range of ways, and had themselves become sexually harmful, usually to children. Each young man was interviewed on arrival at the community, at their departure two years later, and thereafter at one‐year intervals. Annual findings were relayed to the community on an action research basis, with recommendations such as an extended ex‐resident outreach service, being implemented. ‘Before and after’ checklists revealed significant reductions in factors such as self‐harm, suicidal thoughts and depression by the end of their stay in the community. Coping mechanisms, which they had acquired as residents, allowed the majority to manage post‐leaving challenges including housing, employment, and family relations. Ministry of Justice re/conviction rates proved to be low as against those of a comparison group.  相似文献   

17.
Community organization and gang policy response   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Analysis of agency response networks in 21 urban areas reveals that the adoption of policy responses is significantly related to social network location. In the 1988 National Youth Gang Intervention and Suppression Program survey, agency representatives were asked to list agencies with which regular contact was maintained in the process of dealing with the youth gang problem. Policy response is measured by the adoption of four policy responses: (1) making staff training available, (2) having a policy for dealing with youth gang problems, (3) having a policy in writing, and (4) attempting to influence legislation on the youth gang problem. Rasch modeling supports the scalability of the four items. The STRUCTURE program is used to identify elements of network structure within each community-specifically cliques and equivalence structures. A generalized linear model analysis of variance of the policy response scale reveals that structural equivalence and clique membership account for 54% of the variation in policy response. An examination of clique means indicates that network structure may retard as well as enhance policy response adaptations. In policy terms, this finding suggests that network structure should be mobilized by those who wish to develop a unified, national-level response to youth gang problems at the local level.  相似文献   

18.
The current study utilized an updated systemic model of social disorganization to investigate neighborhood effects on both positive and negative youth outcomes. Although empirical support for updated social disorganization models has increased in recent years, the field continues to rely too heavily on behavioral indicators of community social organization. Unfortunately, these measures do not assess the truly important social processes and dynamics that result in cohesive and supportive neighborhoods. It was proposed that sense of community (SOC) was a more valid, comprehensive, and applicable measure for the mediating variables in social disorganization theory. Results supported the hypothesis that SOC mediates the effect of neighborhood disadvantage on youth outcomes and implications for the field are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
    
This article explores the balancing exercise between opposing value regimes in symphony orchestras. This complex environment in which art organizations move while producing art will be mapped out in a model called a “biotope.” In recent years, orchestras have been struck hard by declines in the cultural sector. As a result of opposing legitimacy pressures in today’s symphony orchestras, standardized canonical repertoire now serves as a pragmatized aesthetic compromise. This article suggests that although this compromise grants short-term legitimacy to the art organization, it simultaneously brings its biotope out of balance, reinforcing the legitimacy crisis it was meant to avert.  相似文献   

20.
陈琢 《行政与法》2020,(6):35-40
在新冠肺炎疫情防控中,社区党组织站在联防联控、群防群治和复工复产的第一线,彰显出强大的组织治理优势.针对疫情防控过程中出现的新问题,社区党组织作为党的主张的宣传者、党的决定的贯彻者、基层治理的实践者、发展稳定的推动者,应从提高政治站位,强化责任担当;牢记党的宗旨,维护群众利益;提高党员素质,增强组织战斗力;完善工作体系...  相似文献   

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