法国及刚果(布)金融监管体系改革及启示

21世纪以来,法国金融监管体系经历了三个改革阶段,刚果(布)则相对保持稳定。法国在朝着统一监管方向改革的同时,仍保留了二元监管特点,刚果(布)则一直采取分业监管模式,这与各自所处的经济、金融的不同发展水平相关。总体来看,金融监管的趋势是立法先行,宏观审慎与微观监管相结合,打破国家主权,向全面、系统、集中监管转变。监管重点从加强监管权力向加强风险监管与问题处置并重转变,由此给我国金融监管改革带来启示。     

韩国食品安全法律规制考察及中国之借鉴

食品安全问题是一国的基本民生问题,食品安全与否关系人民生活水平与健康安全。韩国历来重视食品安全的法律规制,通过比较考察可知,韩国具有完备的食品安全法律、法规体系,其法律监管体系也较为合理,并建立有食品安全政策委员会;同时,韩国还尤为重视农、畜、水产品的安全监管与控制,强调食品安全法律规制中的信息公开与公众参与。我国应结合本国实际情况,深入思考、借鉴韩国的先进经验,从监管体制的完善、法律法规体系的健全等方面入手,完善我国食品安全法律规制体系。     

欧盟商业秘密保护立法及其启示

由于欧盟共同市场和创新政策的需要,欧盟委员会《防止未披露专有技术和商业信息(商业秘密)被非法获取、使用和披露的指令》(草案)尝试在欧盟层面协调保护商业秘密,统一商业秘密和违法行为的界定,并要求成员国提供共同的救济措施与纠正程序。欧盟商业秘密保护立法将作为制度样本推动商业秘密保护的国际协调。我国应借鉴欧盟经验和做法,修订《反不正当竞争法》,完善商业秘密保护的法律体系。     

新加坡文官制度简介

新加坡是东南亚地区的一个小国。新加坡现政府被认为是“高效而廉洁的政府”。它的70001名国家机关工作人员(1987年1月1日统计数)以高效廉洁闻名于世。 一、新加坡文官制度的历史背景 新加坡的文官制度属于英国类型,在许多方面与马来西亚有相似之处。这是与其历史背景有关的。 从1842年正式被英国人占领到1959年自治邦成立,英国在新加坡进行了长达一百多年的     

金融监管体制改革:英国的实践与评价

以英国为代表的金融业“混业监管”改革 ,正推动着欧元区国家甚至全球金融监管体制的革命。英国金融监管体制改革的主要推动力 ,在于 2 0世纪 80年代以来金融业混业经营的迅猛发展。英国通过颁布新的金融监管法律 ,建立世界上最强有力的金融业统一监管机构 ,实现了金融监管权力的高度集中 ,以及金融监管职能从中央银行的分离。英国成为全球第一个完全实行统一金融监管与“混业监管”的国家。英国金融体制改革在很大程度上促进了监管效率的提高 ,适应了全球金融业混业经营发展的现实需要。     

环境保护限停产的法治化:适用情形、实施程序与监管措施

2014年《环境保护法》修订,第60条规定环境保护限停产取代之前的限期治理,进而通过部门配套规章、环境保护单行法修改等初步形成环境保护限停产法律规范体系,但在适用情形、实施程序与监管措施方面存在较多问题。我国应当对环境保护限制生产和停产整治的适用情形予以区分,但各环境保护单行法应当予以统一,并且明确规定适用的例外情形。...     

墨西哥湾溢油事件之法律透视

墨西哥湾溢油事件的处置主要适用以1990年美国《油污法》为核心的油污责任法律体系。相较美国过去的相关立法和现行国际油污损害民事责任制度,以《油污法》为核心的美国现行油污责任法律体系不仅极大地扩展了油污损害的赔偿范围,而且还规定了高得多的责任限额。根据美国油污责任法律体系,英国石油公司可能不仅要支付油污清理费用和范围广泛的各种损害赔偿金,而且还将面临各种刑事处罚与民事处罚。鉴于《油污法》为责任限制条款的启动规定了苛刻的条件,英国石油公司享受责任限制将极其困难。     

浅析肯尼迪政府时期美法在支付领域的矛盾

肯尼迪政府时期,随着西欧经济的恢复,美欧联盟在政治、经济、军事等领域的分歧开始凸显,美法因支付不平衡而起的矛盾即为其中之一。布雷顿森林体系是美法支付矛盾产生的历史根源;以美元危机和美国黄金外流为中心,两国在联盟方针和冷战战略上展开激烈较量;美国政府内就如何解决美法支付矛盾曾有过激烈辩论,肯尼迪政府最后以从欧洲撤军相要挟,迫使戴高乐在弥补美国赤字安排上让步,美法在支付领域的矛盾暂时得以缓解。     

第三人侵权,医药费找谁承担?

<正>案例家住长沙市的曹大爷这几天遇到了一件烦心事,日前,他在小区附近的超市购物时被小张撞伤,在医院看病就医药费支付问题与小张、超市方和医保处产生了分歧。老人认为他是被小张撞伤的,应当由小张出医药费;小张认为他是为了躲避超市货架上掉落的物品,不得已才撞到曹大爷的,他的行为属于紧急避险,应当由超市方承担医药费;超市方认为...     

芬兰非缴费型养老金制度:变迁与发展

芬兰的法定养老金体系包括两大支柱:国家养老金和收入关联养老金,其中国家养老金属于非缴费型养老金,收入关联养老金属于缴费型养老金。国家养老金发展历史比较长,经历了从保险支付到统一支付再到选择性支付的发展过程,这固然与芬兰的政治、经济背景密切相关,但芬兰收入关联养老金制度的建立更是对国家养老金制度的发展起到了决定性的作用,收入关联养老金的发展使得国家养老金从原来的主要养老金支柱变为补充性支柱,并对芬兰的贫困率产生了一定的影响。面对人口老龄化和金融危机,国家养老金未来如何定位并实现发展成为芬兰养老金体系面临的挑战。     

Singapore’s Phantom Workers

In 2009, the Singapore state prosecuted a string of businesses for listing fictitious local workers on their books in order to stretch their foreign worker entitlement. These “phantom” worker scams, prevalent since the 1980s, appear out of place in Singapore – a country with a strong international reputation for its government’s efficiency and strict legal enforcement. This paper examines the state’s prosecutions of the phantom worker scams in the context of the exceptional economic and political stresses in 2009, when Singapore was most severely affected by the global economic crisis, in order to address the employment regime in Singapore. It argues that the belated efforts to tackle the phantom worker scams reflected the pro-business state’s reluctance to tackle illegalities crucial to facilitating employers’ otherwise unlawful access to wealth and resources in Singapore.     

EVACUATION OF SMYRNA (IZMIR) TURKEY, 1922

I. N. Duncan Wallace, QC studied law at his father's old college, Oriel, Oxford University, before spending the war years in the Navy. After the war he completed his law course, was called to the Bar in 1948 and took silk in 1973. His legal career involved practice in Pacific Rim countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, the Philippines and Indonesia, as well as stints as ‘visiting’ Scholar and Professor at the University of California at Berkeley and King's College, London. Aged 80, he is still active in producing legal textbooks.     

Singapore General Election 2015 and the Role of Citizenship Education

Abstract

This article explores the role of education, in particular citizenship education, in shaping the Singapore electorate. An understanding of the history of citizenship education helps to shed light on the contemporary political culture in Singapore. The extent to which democratic citizenship education has been taught in schools since 1958 is explored. Singapore’s citizenship education has consistently stressed the duties and responsibilities of citizenship, patriotism, national identity and moral values—with the goal of nation-building and legitimising the People’s Action Party state. This reflective historical piece on Singapore’s educational history adds a relatively unexplored facet to the discussions on the general election 2015 results as well as Singapore’s subsequent political development. The results of the 2015 general election in Singapore, seen in this light, are not so surprising, as they reflect the success of the state’s citizenship education in shaping the current political culture.     

Production Politics and Migrant Labour Advocacy in Singapore

Since 2005, NGO activism, calling for greater legal protection for contract migrant workers has been the most concerted challenge to Singapore’s migrant labour regime. Despite a severely restricted civil society space, migrant labour advocacy has delivered small but significant reforms to laws covering migrant labour. The existing literature on migrant labour advocacy focuses on the importance of civil society space in determining the outcomes of organised contention. In the Singapore context, the limitations of advocacy are emphasised and explained in terms of the illiberal nature of the People’s Action Party-state and the strategies deployed by non-governmental organisations. Such an approach is limited in its explanatory potential as it only states what political spaces are not available without examining how spaces for contention are created. In contrast, this article identifies the production politics between migrant workers and their employers as crucial in influencing the extent to which spaces for non-governmental organisation contention can be carved out. Accordingly, this article argues that forms of production politics leading to worker desertion from the workplace, rather than tactical accommodation, have provided non-governmental organisations with the impetus to push forward reform agendas within an authoritarian political environment.     

日本地下水保护的立法实践及其借鉴

立法是进行地下水保护的重要法律手段。日本较早就开始了地下水保护的立法实践,业已形成了较为完备的地下水保护法律体系。其立法实践内容呈现出立法模式混合、管理体制统一、许可证制度严格的特点。目前,中国地下水保护形势严峻,应结合国情进行地下水污染防治专门立法,建立综合的地下水监督管理体制,实行最严格的地下排污许可证制度。     

浅析新加坡的公共外交

作为一种新的外交形式,公共外交在国际关系中发挥着越来越重要的作用。新加坡自独立以来,在对外关系方面取得了显著的成果,近年来更是重视公共外交,使公共外交在其对外战略中发挥着特殊作用。通过开展公共外交,新加坡这一小国的国际形象进一步得到改善,国际影响力也得到提升。但也由于小国的限制,新加坡的公共外交也存在着巨大局限。     

日本股东代表诉讼制度的缺漏及其修改动向

日本立法者为了满足企业实施以母子公司关系为组织结构的企业集团化经营的需求,降低企业重组过程中的交易成本,加强对企业集团经营的监督,对《反垄断法》、《公司法》(商法)及会计、税务制度进行了一系列的修改与调整。这些法律制度的调整,使经过六十多年的演变已日趋成熟与完善的日本现行股东代表诉讼制度又暴露出了新问题。为弥补该制度缺漏,强化企业集团治理,日本立法者试图引入多重代表诉讼制度。通过观察及研究日本股东代表诉讼制度的制度安排及其调整可以引起我们在进行制度设计与选择时对制度的系统性、协调性及其制度间相互影响的重视。     

2011年新加坡:政治、经济与外交

2011年,新加坡顺利举行国会大选和总统大选,完成新老领导班子交接,但是大选结果也凸显了民众对政府的不满,赢回民心是新一届政府的首要任务。在经济方面,新加坡经济增长步伐整体放缓,政府逐步出台系列措施进行经济重整,给长期依赖外来劳动力的行业带来阵痛。在外交上,新加坡继续加强与周边国家的良好关系,加深与中美的双边经贸、安全防务等领域的合作,积极推动中美在亚洲地区良性合作的关系。最后,本文对2011年境内外出版的关于新加坡的中文学术研究成果进行简要回顾与介绍。     

新加坡侨寓文人邱菽园南洋汉诗主题研究

晚清政府内外交困,社会不安定使得很多中国知识分子侨寓南洋寻找生路,其中以新马两地为多。邱菽园有着举人功名、丰厚家产和个人学识的优势,加上办报兴学和雅集诗社,很快成为19、20世纪之交新加坡文坛领袖。他曾因巨额援助维新派起义受到政治牵连,又因经济破产备感世态的炎凉。困顿时期的邱菽园依然保持着知识分子的岗位意识,继续培植新加坡本土文化,他的岗位意识越来越在地化,诗文中出现了更多的本土关怀。纵观其一生的诗文创作和文学活动,一方面邱菽园毕竟根在中国,爱国情结是割舍不断的,与同期南来的左秉隆、黄遵宪等人一样,邱菽园的诗文中有着挥之不去的感时忧国情怀;另一方面,其诗文中开始描摹新加坡在地风土人情,也开始经营本土文人的交际圈。邱菽园丰富的文人交游经历及文人间诗文唱和,在在展示着汉诗在南洋地区的传播历程,同时,也勾勒着海外知识分子从花果飘零的无奈到自觉落地生根的移民心路。     

The 2015 Singapore Swing: Depoliticised Polity and the Kiasi/Kiasu Voter

Abstract

The results of the 2015 Singapore general election (GE) saw the People’s Action Party (PAP) reverse the decline in support of the past few GEs. Many writers cited as some of the key reasons for PAP’s strong showing: a flight to safety, the superior PAP campaign, the personal popularity of Lee Hsien Loong, the 50 years of Singapore's Independence (SG50) feel-good factor, changes in government policies since 2011, direct government subsidies to the pioneer generation, the passing of Lee Kuan Yew, and the mainstream media’s attack on the credibility of the opposition. In this paper, the author offers an additional explanation, that is, the underlying causes of the PAP’s electoral success were the policies laid down after Singapore’s independence and some key cultural traits of this island nation. The policy of depoliticisation led to the creation of a social contract under which political liberties were voluntarily sacrificed in return for economic growth and prosperity. The author further argues that the cultural traits of kiasi and kiasu tipped the balance in favour of the PAP when voters decided that the outlook for the Southeast Asian region was negative and Singapore needed the PAP to steer the country during this period of uncertainty.